ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Pharmacy-driven transitions of care (TOC) services for psychiatric patient populations have not been systematically evaluated. The primary objective was to assess pharmacy TOC services for patients hospitalized for psychiatric care at an academic medical center. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the incidence of psychiatric-associated readmission, emergency department (ED) presentations, or both and outpatient clinic follow-up 30 days after discharge, in addition to characterizing the types and frequencies of psychotropic medications prescribed at discharge. DESIGN: Retrospective, double-cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: This study compares adult patients who received at least 1 pharmacy-driven TOC intervention before discharge from a psychiatric unit between June 1, 2017, and June 30, 2018, with a historical control group that was discharged between June 1, 2016, and May 31, 2017. Interventions included discharge education on selected high-risk medications, medication barriers assessment, TOC notes to outpatient providers, postdischarge telecommunication, and bedside medication delivery. OUTCOME MEASURES: The percentage of pharmacy TOC services provided for patients hospitalized for psychiatric care at an academic medical center and the incidence of psychiatric-associated readmission, ED presentations, or both and outpatient clinic follow-up 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: Fifty-three and 104 electronic health records were reviewed within the control and intervention groups, respectively. The most common interventions were discharge education (22.7%), bedside delivery of medications (22.7%), and medication barrier assessments (22.2%). Adherence (26.8%) and cost (19.5%) were the most common medication barriers. Thirty-day psychiatric-associated readmissions, ED presentations, or both occurred in 32.4% and 15.4% of patients in the control and intervention groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Of the patients, 15.1% and 20.1% presented for outpatient follow-up in the control and intervention groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Statistically, more patients in the control group were prescribed antidepressants at discharge (41.8% vs. 13.1%), whereas more patients in the intervention group were prescribed lithium (10.9% vs. 4.3%) and antipsychotics other than clozapine (40.0% vs. 25.9%). CONCLUSION: The findings show significant differences in clinical outcomes between patients receiving and not receiving pharmacy-driven transitional interventions. Future prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate these observations.
