Bernice Resnick Sandler (1928-2019).

Presents an obituary for Bernice Resnick Sandler (1928-2019). Bunny, as her family and friends called her, deployed the research skills she learned in her graduate education in psychology in service to her work as a public policy expert and advocate for gender equity in higher education. She is known as the Godmother of Title IX. She graduated from Erasmus Hall High School, and then earned a Bachelor of Arts in psychology from Brooklyn College in 1948 and a Master of Arts in clinical and school psychology from the City College of New York in 1950. After having lost several job opportunities in academia due to antinepotism rules or quotas for Jews, Bunny decided to apply to doctoral programs to enhance her credentials. She said that she "talked her way into" the psychology program at the University of Maryland, despite having been told that she was "too old" (in her early 30s) and that they had enough women students. She later switched to the school of education, where she earned her Doctor of Education degree in counseling and personnel psychology. Her experiences led her to feminism and to her life's work combatting sex discrimination in higher education. Although she never had the career in psychology that she wanted, her work made possible the careers of many women psychologists. She was a model of feminist activism and effective in organizing and energizing women faculty, staff, and students to play their parts in a larger social movement for gender equity and justice. Those who were fortunate enough to know Bunny will remember her for her generosity of spirit, her strength of character, her tenacity, her optimism, her practical advice and friendly guidance, and the excellence of her scholarly, as well as her political and policy, work. Her reports on sexual harassment and the chilly climate continue to be influential today. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Gender and Ethnicity in Dating, Hanging Out, and Hooking Up: Sexual Scripts Among Hispanic and White Young Adults.

We examined the scripts associated with heterosexual Hispanic and White young adults' most recent initial sexual or romantic encounter using two samples of heterosexual undergraduates: 224 Hispanic students (49% female) and 316 White students (51% female). Scripts were identified for three types of encounters: dating, hanging out, and hooking up. The three scripts had more than half of their actions in common. Items such as get to know one another, feel aroused, and engage in physical contact were present across all scripts for all participant groups. As expected, traditional gender roles were present within all scripts, but more so for dates than for hangouts and hookups. Men reported a higher presence of traditional gender roles than women across scripts and put a higher priority on the goal of physical intimacy across all scripts. Dating was the most prevalent script for all young adults, contradicting contemporary claims that "dating is dead." In terms of ethnicity, a higher proportion of Hispanic than White young adults went on dates, and a higher proportion of White students went on hookups, implying that social and contextual variables are important in understanding young adults' intimate relationships.

Sandra Lipsitz Bem (1944-2014).

This article memorializes Sandra Lipsitz Bem (1944-2014). Bem was a feminism psychologist whose incisive writing and research transformed the psychology of gender and contributed significantly to our understanding of sex-typing, psychological androgyny, gender schema theory, and sexual inequality. Bem and her husband, Daryl Bem, were active in the feminist community in Pittsburgh, and worked with the National Organization for Women to challenge gender-segregated job advertisements in a lawsuit against the Pittsburgh Press in 1969. The Bems co-wrote an influential article, "Case Study of a Nonconscious Ideology: Training the Woman to Know Her Place" (1970) using the word "sexism" when it was not widely known. She created the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) and conducted research showing that conventional gender typing was not necessarily correlated with psychological adjustment. Her publications won her enduring recognition and awards, including the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution (1976), Distinguished Publication Awards from the Association for Women in Psychology (AWP; 1977, 1994), the Young Scholar Award from the American Association of University Women (1980), and, posthumously, the Distinguished Career Award (AWP, 2014).

Feminism and psychology: analysis of a half-century of research on women and gender.

Starting in the 1960s, feminists argued that the discipline of psychology had neglected the study of women and gender and misrepresented women in its research and theories. Feminists also posed many questions worthy of being addressed by psychological science. This call for research preceded the emergence of a new and influential body of research on gender and women that grew especially rapidly during the period of greatest feminist activism. The descriptions of this research presented in this article derive from searches of the journal articles cataloged by PsycINFO for 1960-2009. These explorations revealed (a) a concentration of studies in basic research areas investigating social behavior and individual dispositions and in many applied areas, (b) differing trajectories of research on prototypical topics, and (c) diverse theoretical orientations that authors have not typically labeled as feminist. The considerable dissemination of this research is evident in its dispersion beyond gender-specialty journals into a wide range of other journals, including psychology's core review and theory journals, as well as in its coverage in introductory psychology textbooks. In this formidable body of research, psychological science has reflected the profound changes in the status of women during the last half-century and addressed numerous questions that these changes have posed. Feminism served to catalyze this research area, which grew beyond the bounds of feminist psychology to incorporate a very large array of theories, methods, and topics.

Intimate partner violence: new directions.

This review examines multiple forms of intimate partner violence, including women's use of violence, and argues for development of more complex conceptualizations of intimate partner violence. As new victims are identified, partner violence has been reconceptualized. Research findings indicate that women are both victims and perpetrators in intimate partner violence, challenging previous conceptualizations and explanations. The authors argue that how researchers conceptualize intimate partner violence influences how they study and measure it. The authors call for researchers to develop more complex constructions of gender, and to distinguish between distinct forms of intimate partner violence.