Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 7 de 7
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
Transl Psychiatry ; 10(1): 304, 2020 09 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32873782

ABSTRACT

Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature of autoimmune encephalitis. Pathogenic neuronal surface antibodies are thought to mediate distinct profiles of cognitive impairment in both the acute and chronic phases of encephalitis. In this review, we describe the cognitive impairment associated with each antibody-mediated syndrome and, using evidence from imaging and animal studies, examine how the nature of the impairment relates to the underlying neuroimmunological and receptor-based mechanisms. Neuronal surface antibodies, particularly serum NMDA receptor antibodies, are also found outside of encephalitis although the clinical significance of this has yet to be fully determined. We discuss evidence highlighting their prevalence, and association with cognitive outcomes, in a number of common disorders including cancer and schizophrenia. We consider mechanisms, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, which could determine the impact of these antibodies outside encephalitis and account for much of the clinical heterogeneity observed.


Subject(s)
Encephalitis , Hashimoto Disease , Animals , Autoantibodies , Cognition , Encephalitis/complications , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
2.
Aust Dent J ; 65(4): 278-285, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32678914

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate white spot lesion (WSL) remineralization and fluoride uptake by the application of fluoride varnishes directly onto artificial WSLs in vitro. METHODS: MI varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and 2.26% fluoride and Duraphat varnish containing 2.26% fluoride (no added calcium) were compared with a placebo varnish (no added calcium or fluoride). Two WSLs were prepared in enamel slabs and varnish applied to cover one of the two lesions. Each slab was immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days at 37°C. Mineral content was determined using transverse microradiography and fluoride uptake using electron probe microanalysis. The data were statistically analysed using a linear mixed model. RESULTS: Both MI and Duraphat varnishes significantly remineralized the covered and uncovered WSLs when compared with the placebo varnish (P < 0.001). The WSLs covered with varnish showed greater remineralization than those uncovered. MI varnish produced the highest level of remineralization and significantly greater fluoride uptake (0.44 ± 0.08 wt%) compared with Duraphat (0.24 ± 0.03 wt%) and the placebo varnish (0.06 ± 0.05 wt%). CONCLUSION: Varnish containing fluoride and CPP-ACP was superior to varnish containing fluoride alone in promoting WSL remineralization and fluoride uptake.


Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Fluorides , Cariostatic Agents , Caseins , Dental Enamel , Fluorides, Topical , Humans , Minerals , Tooth Remineralization
3.
Br Dent J ; 212(11): 527-8, 2012 Jun 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22677839

ABSTRACT

The ongoing debate regarding the relative contributions of heredity and environment to the aetiology of malocclusion would benefit from both a more careful interpretation of the evidence and the abandonment of the tendency to conflate under one umbrella term distinct clinical entities, which may in turn have different aetiologies. D. Normando's letter of 24 February 2012 ( 2012; 212: 153) raises some interesting and surprising points, which deserve attention and comment.


Subject(s)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Malocclusion/genetics , Tooth Wear , Humans
4.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 58(1): 93-100, 1985 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3886478

ABSTRACT

Plasma ions and cortisol levels were measured sequentially during the adaptation of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from fresh water (FW) to sea water (SW). The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of this adaptation was assessed using captopril (SQ14225, an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme). The effects of captopril on renal function in FW- and SW-adapted trout were also examined. During the first 5 hr in sea water, plasma levels of cortisol in eels increased threefold, plasma sodium rose steadily from 137 to 156 mmol/l and plasma potassium fell from 2.1 to 1.6 mmol/l. In contrast, captopril-treated eels when adapted to sea water had plasma cortisol levels twice those of controls. Captopril treatment did not affect the electrolyte responses to seawater adaptation. Captopril injected into eels which were fully adapted to and wholly maintained in sea water had no effect on plasma levels of cortisol, sodium, and potassium. Plasma cortisol was 30% lower in freshwater eels 2 hr after an injection of captopril but plasma sodium and potassium levels were unchanged. In both FW- and SW-adapted trout, captopril infusions doubled the glomerular filtration and urine production rates and the tubular transport maxima for glucose without changes in plasma composition.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex/physiology , Eels/physiology , Kidney/physiology , Renin-Angiotensin System , Salmonidae/physiology , Trout/physiology , Animals , Captopril/pharmacology , Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects , Kidney/drug effects , Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects , Seawater
5.
J Endocrinol ; 98(2): 211-20, 1983 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6348199

ABSTRACT

An angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) was given by gastric lavage at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight per day to Long-Evans rats for a 13-day period during which they received a sodium-deficient diet. This regime was preceded by a 3-day period during which measurements were made on the animals on a sodium-replete dietary intake. Control sodium-deprived rats showed increased plasma renin activities, increased peripheral aldosterone concentrations and reduced urinary sodium excretion; they maintained positive sodium balance and the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex hypertrophied. Captopril-treated sodium-deprived rats failed to reduce urinary sodium excretion sufficiently and entered a period of marked and sustained negative sodium balance. Peripheral aldosterone concentrations after 12 days of sodium deprivation in the presence of captopril treatment were similar to those of sodium-replete rats. The adrenocortical zona glomerulosa of the captopril-treated rats did not increase in size and regressive changes were noted.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex/metabolism , Captopril/pharmacology , Proline/analogs & derivatives , Sodium/metabolism , Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects , Adrenal Cortex/drug effects , Animals , Diet, Sodium-Restricted , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains
7.
Nature ; 281(5732): 569-70, 1979 Oct 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-386137

ABSTRACT

Angiotensin II is dipsogenic, and vasopressin (ADH) regulates renal water excretion. Together, these hormones govern overall mammalian water balance. The Brattleboro rat with inherited diabetes insipidus (DI) lacks ADH and is therefore a convenient model with which to elucidate mechanisms regulating water metabolism. In the present studies, angiotensin II has also been removed from DI rats by the administration of an inhibitor (captopril, SQ 14225; D-2-methyl-3-mercaptopropanoyl-L-proline) of the enzyme which converts angiotensin I, the relatively inert component of the renin-angiotensin system, to angiotensin II, the biologically active substance. SQ 14225 reduced the drinking rates, and after 6 days lowered peripheral plasma aldosterone concentrations were associated with hyperkalaemia. We conclude that the polydipsia of diabetes insipidus partly results from elevated plasma renin activities and angiotensin II concentrations seen in this syndrome. Further, the apparent hypoaldosteronism of DI Brattleboro rats reflects differences in both tissue usage of the steroid and adrenocortical sensitivities associated with polyuria, hyperosmolarity and possibly potassium wasting.


Subject(s)
Aldosterone/blood , Captopril/pharmacology , Diabetes Insipidus/blood , Drinking Behavior/drug effects , Proline/analogs & derivatives , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/blood , Animals , Potassium/blood , Rats , Sodium/blood , Time Factors , Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...