The Prevalence of PTSD of Mothers and Fathers of High-Risk Infants Admitted to NICU: A Systematic Review.

Admission of a preterm or sick full-term infant to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a stressful experience for parents. Indeed, the 'NICU experience' may constitute a traumatic event for parents, distinct from other birth-related trauma, leading to significant and ongoing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, the rates at which this outcome occurs are not well understood. This review aimed to identify the prevalence of PTSD in mothers and fathers of high-risk infants admitted to the NICU, specifically focusing on the NICU experience as the index trauma. The PRISMA-P: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols were used to conduct this review. We searched PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases, and reference lists of included articles (1980-2021). Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts and conducted the full-text screening assessment. Of the 707 records identified, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. In this systematic review, PTSD symptomatology was assessed by self-report measures rather than a clinical interview. We identified significant variations in the methodologies and quality between studies, with a wide variation of reported prevalence rates of PTSD of 4.5-30% in mothers and 0-33% in fathers. Overall, the findings indicate that up to one-third of parents experience PTSD symptomatology related to the NICU experience. These results emphasize the importance of universal routine antenatal and postnatal screening for symptoms of PTSD to identify parents at risk of distress during the NICU experience and after discharge.Trial registration: The study protocol was registered with Prospero registration number CRD42020154548 on 28 April 2020.

Trends and differences in perceptions of patient-centered communication among adults in the US.

OBJECTIVE: Patient-centered communication (PCC) is a key indicator of healthcare quality and is critical to patient-centered care. The purpose of this study is to examine the trends in PCC over the past decade and determine if differences in PCC by subpopulation remain METHODS: We used nationally representative survey data from the Health Information National Trends Study (HINTS) to examine PCC. We conducted trend and multivariate regression analyses to understand the changes of PCC scores and differences in PCC by key sociodemographic groups. RESULTS: PCC reported among adults minimally increased with the largest increases in participants involved in making decisions regarding their healthcare. Participants who were non-Hispanic Black, older, had less than a high school education, or rural residents reported more positive perceptions of PCC CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate improvements to PCC over time. These findings also indicate that differences in patients' perceptions of PCC continue to persist and it's possible that personal expectations may influence a person's perception of the quality of PCC experienced PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study highlights the continued need for provider education in patient emotional support and providing patients with the skills and resources to engage in high quality PCC.

Phenotypic and genetic correlations of beef replacement heifer feeding behaviour, feed intake and feed efficiency with cow performance and lifetime productivity.

Objectives were to quantify the phenotypic (rp ) and genetic (rg ) correlations between early-life feeding behaviours, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency and measures of cow performance and lifetime productivity traits. Traits were measured on 1,145 crossbred replacement beef heifers and then on cows over parities one to four. Feeding event duration (FD) was phenotypically correlated with cow prebreeding body weight (PBWT; rp 0.29-0.45), cow prebreeding back fat thickness (PBBF; rp 0.35-0.49), progeny weaning weight (WW; rp 0.09-0.31) and progeny birthweight (BW; rp -0.06 to 0.17). Feeding event frequency (FF) was phenotypically correlated with PBBF (rp 0.16-0.30). Dry matter intake (DMI) was phenotypically correlated with PBWT (rp 0.16-0.20) and PBBF (rp -0.22 to -0.05). Feeding event duration was genetically correlated with PBWT (rg 0.38-0.41). Feeding event frequency was genetically correlated with PBWT (rg -0.43 to -0.39). Dry matter intake was genetically correlated with PBWT (rg -0.27 to 0.14). Days in herd (DIH) was phenotypically correlated with FD and DMI (rp  = 0.12, 0.20, respectively). Lifetime productivity was phenotypically correlated with FD and FF (rg  = 0.25, 0.22, respectively). Calving interval was phenotypically correlated with FD and FF (rp  = -0.12, -0.14, respectively) and genetically correlated with FF (rg  = -0.41). Due to moderate positive correlations with cow weight, caution would be required in selection to prevent an increase in mature cow size. Use of FF, FD, DMI and a measure of feed efficiency such as residual feed intake adjusted for back fat (RFIFAT ) in a balanced selection index is recommended.

Assessing Skills and Capacity for Informatics: Activities Most Commonly Performed by or for Local Health Departments.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the informatics activities performed by and for local health departments. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the 2015 Informatics Capacity and Needs Assessment Survey of local health departments conducted by the Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health at Georgia Southern University in collaboration with the National Association of County & City Health Officials. PARTICIPANTS: 324 local health departments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Informatics activities performed at or for local health departments in use and analysis of data, system design, and routine use of information systems. RESULTS: A majority of local health departments extract data from information systems (69.5%) and use and interpret quantitative (66.4%) and qualitative (55.1%) data. Almost half use geographic information systems (45.0%) or statistical or other analytical software (39.7%). Local health departments were less likely to perform project management (35.8%), business process analysis and redesign (24.0%), and developing requirements for informatics system development (19.7%). Local health departments were most likely to maintain or modify content of a Web site (72.1%). A third of local health departments (35.8%) reported acting as "super users" for their information systems. A significantly higher proportion of local health departments serving larger jurisdictions (500 000+) and those with shared governance reported conducting informatics activities. CONCLUSION: Most local health department informatics activities are completed by local health department staff within each department or a central department, but many state health departments also contribute to informatics at the local level. Larger local health departments and those with shared governance were more likely to perform informatics activities. Local health departments need effective leadership, a skilled workforce, strong partnerships, and policies that foster implementation of health information systems to successfully engage in informatics. Local health departments also face important training needs, including data analytics, project management, and geographical information systems, so they can adapt to the increasing availability of electronic data and changes in technology.

Fermentation characteristics of corn-, triticale-, and wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles in barley-based diets determined using continuous and batch culture systems.

BACKGROUND: Dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) are becoming increasingly available and popular as an alternative livestock feed. This study used continuous and batch culture techniques to compare the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets containing corn-, triticale- or wheat-based DDGS at 200 g kg(-1) diet dry matter (DM) against a barley grain-based control diet. RESULTS: In continuous fermentation of wheat DDGS diet, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was decreased by 15.7% across sampling times and NH(3) concentration was quadrupled compared with control, whereas fermentations of corn- and triticale-DDGS diets were similar to the barley-based control. In batch cultures, corn DDGS differed from control only in increased culture pH. Compared with control diet, triticale DDGS yielded lower total gas production (140.94 versus 148.78 mL g(-1) DM) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD; 0.509 versus 0.535). Wheat DDGS diet yielded decreased total gas production (123.49 mL g(-1) DM) and IVDMD (0.468), as well as total VFA production (105.84 versus 134.20 mmol L(-1)) and substantially increased ammonia concentration (151.61 versus 58.34 mg L(-1)) and acetate:propionate ratio (2.94 versus 1.11). CONCLUSION: Corn- and triticale- DDGS diets exhibited fermentation characteristics similar to the barley based control diet, consistent with in vivo findings that these diets yielded no adverse effects on production. In vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat DDGS diet differed significantly from control in several aspects including 2.6 to 6X higher ammonia concentrations.