ABSTRACT
Residential care centres (RCCs) for persons with Alzheimer disease are increasing worldwide, but there are few studies that compare the functional outcomes of RCC residents to residents of other types of continuing care settings. This study compared residents of the first Canadian RCC on physical, cognitive, behavioural and emotional functioning 6, 12 and 18 months after admission to residents of special care units (SCUs) operated by the same continuing care provider. SCU residents were initially functioning lower than RCC residents on most outcome measures and these differences persisted over time. Resident functioning declined over time regardless of care setting and, when the initial status was controlled for, the rates of decline were similar. However, RCC residents experienced greater independence/freedom of choice, fewer physical or psychotropic medication restraints and were more active, which may have enhanced their quality of life.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Accidental Falls , Activities of Daily Living , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Canada , Female , Frail Elderly/psychology , Humans , Leisure Activities , Male , Residential Facilities , Restraint, Physical , Skilled Nursing Facilities , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Neurotransmitter Agents/urine , Adult , Dopamine/analogs & derivatives , Dopamine/urine , Humans , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/urine , Indoleacetic Acids/urine , Kynuramine/urine , Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol/urine , Middle Aged , Normetanephrine/urine , Phenethylamines/urine , Serotonin/urine , Tryptamines/urine , Tyramine/urineABSTRACT
Concentrations of 4 trace amines in diencephalon and hippocampus of the rat were measured by integrated-ion-current mass spectrometry after administration of the antidepressant drug, tranylcypromine. Much larger increases were observed for 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine than for m- and p-tyramine.
Subject(s)
Diencephalon/metabolism , Hippocampus/metabolism , Phenethylamines/metabolism , Tranylcypromine/pharmacology , Tryptamines/metabolism , Tyramine/metabolism , Animals , Diencephalon/drug effects , Hippocampus/drug effects , Male , Organ Specificity , RatsABSTRACT
The effects of p-chloroamphetamine (pCA) on the regional distribution of dopamine, noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain were studied at both 3 and 30 days after a single injection. It was found that pCA has no significant effect on the levels of dopamine or noradrenaline at either of the times studied. Conversely pCA had an effect on the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine but the effect was both time and area dependent. pCA has been shown to be an effective antidepressant. Since the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine were reduced in all areas studied and there was no effect on the levels of the two catecholamines, the results found in the study do not support an amine hypothesis in which these transmitters are implicated.
Subject(s)
Amphetamines/pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Dopamine/analysis , Norepinephrine/analysis , Serotonin/analysis , p-Chloroamphetamine/pharmacology , Animals , Corpus Striatum/analysis , Diencephalon/analysis , Male , Mesencephalon/analysis , Pons/analysis , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Monofluorinated analogs of (+/-)-amphetamine and (+/-)-p-chloroamphetamine, in which the methyl group was replaced with a monofluoromethyl group, have pKa values approximately 1.65 units lower than those of their amphetamine counter-parts but retain some ability to stimulate release of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine, respectively, from rat corpus striatum.
