Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Australia , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Primary Prevention/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Australia's preparedness for a potential influenza pandemic involves many players, from individual health carers to interdepartmental government committees. It embraces a wide number of strategies from the management of the disease to facilitating business continuity. The key strategy underlying Australia's planned response is an intensive effort to reduce transmission of the virus. This includes actions to reduce the likelihood of entry of the virus into the country and to contain outbreaks when they occur. Containment will provide time to allow production of a matched vaccine. The health strategies are outlined in the Australian health management plan for pandemic influenza. The plan is accompanied by technical annexes setting out key considerations and guidelines in the areas of clinical management and infection control. National plans present overall strategies and guidance, but the operational details can only be determined by individual states and territories, regions, and the services themselves. Primary health care practices will be on the frontline of an influenza pandemic. Every practice needs a plan that defines the roles of staff, incorporates infection control and staff protection measures, and considers business continuity. Most importantly, a practice needs to know how to implement that plan.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Disaster Planning/organization & administration , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Health Policy , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Primary Prevention/organization & administration , Australia/epidemiology , Government Programs/methods , Health Planning/organization & administration , Humans , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Primary Health Care/organization & administrationABSTRACT
The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System received 1,076 tuberculosis (TB) notifications in 2004, of which 1,043 were new cases and 33 were relapses. The incidence of TB in Australia has remained at a stable rate since 1985 and was 5.4 cases per 100,000 population in 2004. The high-incidence groups remain people born overseas and Indigenous Australians at 21.7 and 8.1 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. By contrast, the incidence of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 1.0 cases per 100,000 population. Comparison of the 2004 TB notification data against the performance indicators set by National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee highlights that enhanced TB control measures should be considered among these high-risk groups.
Subject(s)
Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Australia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Communicable Disease Control , Emigration and Immigration , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Population Groups , Population Surveillance , Tuberculosis/ethnology , Tuberculosis/etiology , Tuberculosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) received 982 tuberculosis (TB) notifications in 2003, of which 947 were new cases, 33 were relapses and two were cases with unknown history. The incidence of TB in Australia has remained at a stable rate since 1985 and was 4.9 cases per 100,000 population in 2003. The high-incidence groups remain people born overseas and Indigenous Australians at 19.9 and 8.7 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. By contrast the incidence in non-Indigenous Australians was 0.9 per 100,000. Comparison of the 2003 TB notification data against the performance indicators set by National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee highlights that enhanced TB control measures should be considered among these high-risk groups.
Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Australia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Recurrence , Registries , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Distribution , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
In 2002, there were 1,028 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported to the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, of which 997 were new cases, 30 were relapses and 1 unknown. The incidence rate of TB in Australia in 2002 was 5.2 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of TB was reported in people born overseas (20.2 cases per 100,000 population), followed by Indigenous Australians (8.5 cases per 100,000 population). By contrast, the incidence rate of TB in the nonIndigenous Australian-born population was 1.1 cases per 100,000 population. This pattern of TB incidence rates amongst the sub-populations of Australia has been observed for over 10 years. The rates were evaluated against the performance indicators set by the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee to ensure that Australia's record of TB control is maintained and improved.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/methods , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Population Surveillance/methods , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Australia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Population Groups/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Australia has one of the lowest incidences of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. The annual incidence rate has remained stable at between 5 and 6 per 100,000 population, since 1991. In 2000, there were 1,060 TB notifications in Australia, of which 1,004 were newly diagnosed cases and 56 were relapse cases. The corresponding incidence rate for new and relapsed TB was 5.2 and 0.3 cases per 100,000 population, respectively. The highest incidence of TB disease in Australia continues to be among the overseas-born (18.0 per 100,000 population) and Indigenous Australians (15.3 per 100,000 population). By contrast, the incidence of disease in the non-indigenous Australian-born population remains low (1.2 per 100,000 population).
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Australia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In 2001, there were 997 cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, of which, 967 were new cases of TB and 30 cases were relapses. The incidence rate of TB in Australia in 2001 was 5.1 cases per 100,000 population. The highest incidence of TB was reported in people born overseas (19.3 cases per 100,000 population), followed by Indigenous Australians (9.8 cases per 100,000 population). In contrast, the incidence rate of TB in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population was 1.0 cases per 100,000 population. This pattern of TB incidence rates amongst the sub-populations of Australia has been observed for over 10 years. Eighty-six per cent of TB cases completed treatment in 2001. Treatment was unsuccessful in 7 cases and only 22 cases defaulted. The National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee has published a National Strategic Plan with performance indicators to ensure that this enviable record of TB control is maintained and improved.
