ABSTRACT
A variety of systemic pathological processes may involve the eye and the surrounding orbital adnexae. CT and MRI of the orbit have become useful clinical adjuvants, not only in establishment of the diagnosis, but also in suggesting the appropriate clinical treatment, sometimes preventing needless biopsy. Grave's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, and sarcoidosis may all present initially with orbital disease before the onset of systemic manifestations. Idiopathic inflammatory disease of the orbit and lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit continue to remain radiological and clinical challenges. The article discusses the CT and MRI appearance of many of the common systemic diseases in adults with attention to features useful in clinical practice as well as in differential diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Orbital Diseases/diagnosis , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Diabetes Complications , Female , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/complications , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Graves Disease/complications , Graves Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/complications , Lymphoproliferative Disorders/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Sarcoidosis/complications , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This article discusses the composition, pathways, and mechanisms of some of the intricate systems within the head and neck. The anatomy of several regions are demonstrated on computed tomography scans and T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Major emphasis is given to the consonance of this system.
