ABSTRACT
We describe here a novel myelomonocytic cell line (OTT1) obtained from primary cultures of mouse bone marrow cells infected with a retroviral vector carrying the mouse interleukin (IL)-1 alpha gene. OTT1 cells are dependent for their survival and proliferation on IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or, unexpectedly, IL-5. Despite their IL-5 dependency, OTT1 cells form colonies showing predominantly monocyte maturation when plated in methylcellulose. It is suggested that constitutive expression of the exogenous IL-1 alpha gene may predispose to a monocytic phenotype. OTT1 cells should be a useful experimental model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of IL-5 signal transduction and the possible interrelationships between this signal pathway and those utilized by IL-3 and GM-CSF.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Cytokines/pharmacology , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology , Interleukin-1/genetics , Interleukin-3/pharmacology , Interleukin-5/pharmacology , Transfection , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Female , Genetic Vectors , Interleukin-1/physiology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Phagocytosis , Phenotype , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Retroviridae/geneticsABSTRACT
It has been reported that clot formation may occur when blood is mixed directly with nonionic contrast medium in a syringe during angiography. To investigate this possibility, we performed three in vitro experiments to determine the anticoagulant properties of a low-osmolar, nonionic contrast medium (iohexol); a low-osmolar, ionic medium (ioxaglate); and a high-osmolar, ionic medium (diatrizoate). In the first experiment, human arterial blood was incubated at room temperature in an angiographic syringe with each of the three media for 60 min, after which the mixture was filtered for clots. In the second experiment, the clotting times of venous blood in heparinized saline or serial dilutions of the three agents were determined. In the third experiment, the partial thromboplastin time of platelet-poor plasma in heparinized saline or serial dilutions of the three agents was measured. No clots were observed in any of the arterial blood samples. Iohexol prolonged the normal 15-min clotting time of venous blood to 160 min, compared with a clotting time of at least 330 min for ioxaglate and diatrizoate. Iohexol prolonged the normal 36-sec partial thromboplastin time of platelet-poor plasma to 40 sec, compared with 50 sec for diatrizoate and 54 sec for ioxaglate. Our data show that iohexol, like ioxaglate and diatrizoate, inhibits clot formation when mixed with blood in a syringe. It prolongs the clotting time to approximately the same degree as 600 U/l of heparinized saline, but to a lesser degree than the other two media. All three media have a minimal effect on the partial thromboplastin time. Our results do not show any risk of clot formation in the usual clinical setting in which there is inadvertent mixing of blood with iohexol, ioxaglate, or diatrizoate in an angiographic syringe.
Subject(s)
Anticoagulants , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Diatrizoate/pharmacology , Iohexol/pharmacology , Ioxaglic Acid/pharmacology , Angiography , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Risk Factors , Whole Blood Coagulation TimeABSTRACT
We describe a 68-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland with metastatic spread to the ipsilateral preauricular lymph nodes and parotid gland. The patient died of metastatic lung involvement. Metastasis to the preauricular nodes and parotid gland by malignant lacrimal gland tumours is rare.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases , Lymph Nodes , Parotid Neoplasms/secondary , Aged , Ear , Humans , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Neck , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Granuloma/pathology , Q Fever/pathology , Adult , Bone Marrow/ultrastructure , Humans , Liver/ultrastructure , MaleABSTRACT
Evaluation of computer-assisted (Hematrak) estimates of platelet numbers from blood smears shows reproducibility comparable to that reported for non-computer-assisted methods. The estimates correlated with ZBI Coulter counts, with a coefficient of correlation of 0.8318.
Subject(s)
Computers , Platelet Count/instrumentation , Blood Cell Count/instrumentation , HumansSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating , Bone Marrow/pathology , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Neoplasm MetastasisABSTRACT
Various factors may predispose urinary tract infection (UTI) due to E. coliin pediatric patients. Our observations on HLA typing of three families and 36 unrelated patients with recurrent UTI suggest that reflux is inherited through factors(s) loacated on the sixth pair of human chromosome in a close linkage with the Major Histocompatibility Complex. Thus, HLA haplotyping may be used as a marker for vesicoureteral reflux within a family. HLA specificity AW32 may be in linkage disequilibrium with factor(s) responsible for reflux. Furthermore, HLA typing of UTI patients revealed that certain HLA specificities (A2, A10 and BW16) may be assoicated with the susceptibility to UTI due to E. coli regardless of the presence of a reflux. The incidence of blood group A was found to be elevated in patients with recurrent TUI but only in the group which had no detectable reflux.
Subject(s)
Histocompatibility Antigens/analysis , Urinary Tract Infections/immunology , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Escherichia coli Infections/immunology , Female , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Urinary Tract Infections/etiology , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/geneticsABSTRACT
A decrease in the frequency of HLA-A2 was noticed in 37 bronchogenic carcinoma patients studied. HLA-B8 was found to be increased in the prolonged survivors of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology , HLA Antigens/analysis , Adenocarcinoma/immunology , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma/immunology , Female , Histocompatibility Testing , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A decrease in the frequency of HLA-A2 was noticed in 37 bronchogenic carcinoma patients studied. HLA-B8 was found to be increased in the prolonged survivors of bronchogenic carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology , HLA Antigens , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Immunity , Male , Middle Aged , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
The HLA types of two families with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) suggest that the HS gene(s) may be linked with the HLA locus. If sustantiated by further family studies, this linkage would place HS on chromosome 6.
Subject(s)
HLA Antigens , Spherocytosis, Hereditary/immunology , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Mapping , Crossing Over, Genetic , Female , Humans , Pedigree , Spherocytosis, Hereditary/geneticsSubject(s)
Antibodies, Viral , Hepatitis B Antigens , Adolescent , Adult , Antibody Formation , Cell Membrane/immunology , Hemophilia A/immunology , Humans , Renal DialysisABSTRACT
Serum from 86 hemodialysis patients, 105 healthy hospital staff "at risk" and 160 regular hospital staff was screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs). The combined prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs was higher in the staff of the artificial kidney unit (57.7%) than in the hemodialysis patients (33.7%). The healthy subjects with HBsAg infection responded significantly more often by producing anti-HBs compared with the hemodialysis patients. Twelve of 29 (41.4%) hemodialysis patients with HBsAg infection produced anti-HBs, while 17 (58.6%) remained positive for HBsAg. This differential response could not be attributed to age, sex, time spent undergoing hemodialysis, delayed cutaneous reactivity or response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). However, a much larger proportion of patients with HBsAg than with anti-HBs had previously received blood transfusions (88.2% v. 33.3%). Our results indicate that development of the chronic HBsAg carrier state or production of anti-HBs in uremic patients may be influenced by the route of immunization or the dose of antigen, or both. Although uremic patients maintain normal in vitro response to PHA and PWM, they may have depressed immunity in vivo because of a decreased total number of T-lymphocytes.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Antigens/analysis , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Personnel, Hospital , Renal Dialysis , Adult , Aged , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antibody Formation , Blood Transfusion , Carrier State/epidemiology , Cell Membrane/immunology , Female , Hepatitis B/immunology , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Kidney Transplantation , Lectins/pharmacology , Male , Middle Aged , Mitogens/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
A total of 28 hemodialysis patients and 23 healthy individuals working in close association with the patients or their blood samples were found to possess either HBAg (22) or anti-HBAg (29). HL-A typing revealed the lack of HL-AB in the group with anti-HBAg, suggesting that the immune response to HBAg may be negatively associated with HL-AB.
