Multi-institutional retrospective study of canine foot pad malignant melanomas: 20 cases.

Melanomas arising from the foot pad are a rare clinical entity in dogs. The biologic behaviour of foot pad malignant melanoma is not well understood, and these tumours are infrequently described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of primary canine foot pad melanoma in a larger cohort of patients. Eligible cases were solicited from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Oncology listserv for retrospective review. Included dogs had a cytologic and/or histologic diagnosis of foot pad melanoma evaluated by a board-certified clinical or anatomic pathologist. Dogs with cutaneous, oral, digital, subungual or interdigital melanomas were excluded. A total of 20 cases were included. Eleven dogs received various adjuvant therapies including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or the ONCEPT canine melanoma vaccine following surgery. At diagnosis, regional lymph node metastasis was observed in four dogs (20%). Seven dogs developed subsequent regional and/or distant metastasis for an overall metastatic rate of 55%. The progression-free interval (PFI) was 101 days (range, 20-960 days). The median survival time (MST) was 240 days (range, 25-479 days). For dogs receiving adjuvant therapy, the MST was 159 days (range, 25-387 days). Canine foot pad melanoma is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit an aggressive behaviour.

Post-surgical outcome and prognostic factors in canine malignant melanomas of the haired skin: 87 cases (2003-2015).

The medical records of 87 dogs treated with surgery for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) of the haired skin were retrospectively reviewed for overall survival time (OST), progression-free survival time (PFS), and prognostic factors. The post-surgery median PFS and median OST were 1282 days and 1363 days, respectively. The post-surgery metastatic rate was 21.8% with a local recurrence rate of 8%. Increasing mitotic index (MI) was predictive of a significantly decreased OST and PFS on multivariable analysis [hazard ratio (HR): 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02 to 1.07 and HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.06, respectively]. Increasing age was likewise predictive of a significantly decreased OST and PFS on multivariable analysis (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.65 and HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.54, respectively). These results confirm clinical impressions that long survival times are likely in dogs diagnosed with malignant melanoma of the haired skin when treated with surgery alone.

Résultat post-chirurgical et facteurs de pronostic pour les mélanomes malins canins de la peau poilue : 87 cas (2003­2015). Les dossiers médicaux de 87 chiens traités à l'aide d'une chirurgie pour le mélanome malin cutané (MMC) de la peau poilue ont été évalués rétrospectivement pour le temps de survie global (TSG), le temps de survie sans progression (TSSP) et les facteurs de pronostic. Le TSSP médian après la chirurgie et le TSG médian étaient de 1282 jours et de 1363 jours, respectivement. Le taux métastasique après la chirurgie était de 21,8 % avec un taux de récurrence local de 8 %. L'augmentation de l'indice mitotique (IM) était prédictive d'un TSG et d'un TSSP réduits à l'analyse multivariable (ratio de risque [RR] : 1,05, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95 % : 1,02 à 1,07 et RR : 1,04, IC de 95 % : 1,02 à 1,06, respectivement). La progression de l'âge était aussi prédictive d'une réduction importante du TSG et du TSSP à l'analyse multivariable (RR : 1,39, IC de 95 % : 1,17 à 1,65 et RR : 1,33, IC de 95 % : 1,14 à 1,54, respectivement). Ces résultats confirment les impressions cliniques que des longs délais de survie sont probables chez les chiens diagnostiqués avec le mélanome malin de la peau poilue lorsqu'ils sont uniquement traités à l'aide d'une chirurgie.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Outcome of urethral stent placement for management of urethral obstruction secondary to transitional cell carcinoma in dogs: 19 cases (2007-2010).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome in dogs undergoing urethral stent placement for management of urethral obstruction secondary to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 19 dogs with histopathologically confirmed TCC. PROCEDURES: Information regarding urethral stent placement and follow-up treatment was obtained from review of medical records. Quality of life assessment was performed with an owner questionnaire. RESULTS: Self-expanding nitinol stents were successfully placed in 17 of 19 dogs; stent placement was not possible in one dog, and another dog was euthanatized 2 days after stent placement, but before discharge from the hospital. Median survival time in 17 dogs following successful long-term stent placement was 78 days (range, 2 to 366 days). Complications following stent placement in 18 dogs included incontinence (n = 7), reobstruction from continued growth of urethral TCC (3), acute reobstruction shortly after the procedure (1), and stent migration (2). Of the 17 owners surveyed, 16 were satisfied with the outcome and would recommend urethral stent placement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The placement of self-expanding nitinol urethral stents was successful in alleviating TCC-induced urethral obstruction and providing good quality of life for most dogs.

Antitumor effects of deracoxib treatment in 26 dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.

OBJECTIVE-To evaluate the antitumor activity and toxic effects of deracoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. DESIGN-Clinical trial. Animals-26 client-owned dogs with naturally occurring, histologically confirmed, measurableTCC of the urinary bladder. PROCEDURES-Dogs were treated PO with deracoxib at a dosage of 3 mg/kg/d (1.36 mg/lb/d) as a single-agent treatment for TCC. Tumor response was assessed via radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, and ultrasonographic mapping of urinary bladder masses. Toxic effects of deracoxib administration in dogs were assessed through clinical observations and hematologic and biochemical analyses. RESULTS-Of 24 dogs for which tumor response was assessed, 4 (17%) had partial remission, 17 (71%) had stable disease, and 3 (13%) had progressive disease; initial response could not be assessed in 2 of 26 dogs. The median survival time was 323 days. Median time to progressive disease was 133 days. Renal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal abnormalities attributed to deracoxib administration were noted in 4% (1/26), 4% (1/26), and 19% (5/26) of dogs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Results indicated that deracoxib was generally well tolerated by dogs and had antitumor activity against TCC.