ABSTRACT
Wistar rats were lesioned into the nigrostriatal pathway with 6-OHDA. The D-amphetamine-induced circling behavior test was performed to evaluated lesion efficiency. Animals that showed more than 620 turns/90 min were named totally lesioned animals (TLA). The group of rats that performed less than 620 turns/90 min were named partially lesioned animals (PLA). The contents of DA and its catabolites in the striata of these groups, and in the same tissue of the untreated animals, were measured. Moreover, the striatal glutathione-S-transferase (GST) specific activity for all groups was tested, and the kinetics parameters for GST purified from the whole brain were evaluated from other three similar groups. The striatal DA depletion on TLA was greater than in PLA. Striatal GST activity showed a significantly bilateral increase in PLA, whereas TLA exhibited only and ipsilateral augment. There were also differences between groups about the kinetic parameters of the purified brain enzyme. The possible role of GST on the interindividual lesion response difference was analyzed.
Subject(s)
Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Glutathione Transferase/biosynthesis , Neurons/drug effects , Substantia Nigra/drug effects , 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism , Animals , Corpus Striatum/cytology , Corpus Striatum/enzymology , Dopamine/metabolism , Enzyme Induction , Homovanillic Acid/metabolism , Male , Neurons/enzymology , Neurotoxins , Oxidopamine , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Substantia Nigra/cytology , Substantia Nigra/enzymologyABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to characterize the human foetal adrenal gland (HFAG) by studying norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA) levels in foetuses with ages ranging from 10 to 18 weeks, as a source of chromaffin cells for basic and clinical research, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HFAGs were obtained from ten abortions with foetal ages ranging from 10-12 (n = 7) to 13-18 (n = 3) weeks. For the simultaneous detection of NE, E, and DA a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure with electrochemical detection was employed. The concentrations found (ng/mg wet weight) were 24.24 +/- 7.06 for NE, 3.56 +/- 2.97 for E and 0.45 +/- 0.27 for DA at 10-12 weeks and 14.91 +/- 9.94 for NE, 8.18 +/- 8.79 for E and 0.16 +/- 0.05 for DA at 13-18 weeks. The DA:E ratio present in HFAG between 10 and 12 weeks was 100 times higher than that reported by other authors in adult adrenal medulla.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/chemistry , Catecholamines/analysis , Adrenal Glands/embryology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dopamine/analysis , Electrochemistry , Epinephrine/analysis , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Norepinephrine/analysis , PregnancyABSTRACT
The purpose of this work to characterize the human foetal adrenal gland (HFAG) by studying norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA) levels in foetuses with ages ranging from 10 to 18 weeks, as a source of chromaffin cells for basic and clinical research, in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HFAGs were obtained from ten abortions with foetal ages ranging from 10-12 (n=7) to 13-18 (n=3) weeks. For the simultaneous detection of NE, E, and DA a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure with electrochemical detection was employed. The concentration found (ng/mg wet weight) were 24.24ñ7.06 for NE, 3.56ñ2.97 for E and 0.45ñ0.27 for DA at 10-12 weeks and 14.91ñ9.94 for NE, 8.18ñ8.79 for E and 0.16ñ0.05 for DA at 13-18 weeks. The DA:E ratio present in HFAG between 10 and 12 weeks was 100 times higher than that reported by other authors in adult adrenal medulla
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromatography, Liquid , Dopamine , Epinephrine , Norepinephrine , Parkinson Disease/therapyABSTRACT
The bilingual format presents a challenging set of problems for media producers. Four factors seem to be of primary importance to the success of bilingual materials: 1. Identifying the unique educational and cultural characteristics of the target audience. 2. Developing strategies to establish credibility with the target audience. 3. Determining the most appropriate dialect for non-English scripts. 4. Designing a 'tri-script' to allow all project planners to easily follow the script in both languages. The article describes the development of a series of bilingual patient education materials on Renal Transplantation, particularly focussing on the efforts of the development team in regard to each of the four factors listed above.