Abuso sexual en niños, niñas y adolescentes: factores de riesgo y sintomatología

Objetivo: Analizar avances en la literatura científica sobre factores de riesgo y sintomatología a corto y largo plazo del abuso sexual en niños, niñas y adolescentes. Método: Mediante una revisión de artículos científicos en inglés y en español, se seleccionaron 27 investigaciones disponibles en APA PsycArticles, Dialnet, Springer y ScienceDirect, entre 2011 y 2020 con información cuantitativa o cualitativa sobre factores de riesgo y sintomatología del abuso sexual en niños, niñas y adolescentes. Resultados: Se identifican factores de riesgo asociados a grupos etarios, principalmente entre 6-7 y 12-13 años, tipos de familias reconstituidas, así como a la presencia de cuidadores distintos a los padres. Entre los síntomas a corto plazo, se identifican cambios bruscos de comportamiento, dificultades en las relaciones interpersonales, angustia, miedo y culpa. Además, se registran lesiones físicas y alteraciones somáticas. A largo plazo se identifican síntomas asociados a estrés postraumático, conductas suicidas, trastornos alimenticios, dificultades de interacción social y en menor medida drogodependencia. Conclusiones: Respecto a los factores de riesgo se visibiliza el uso de redes sociales como un referente a considerar en las dinámicas actuales. Sin embargo, la literatura enfatiza en seguir consolidando el análisis de estos factores y su articulación con acciones pertinentes para la prevención y atención oportuna del abuso. En cuanto a la sintomatología se evidencian avances en el análisis a corto plazo, pues no sólo se aborda lo físico y fisiológico sino también desde lo psicosocial. Similarmente, el análisis de la sintomatología a largo plazo se orienta principalmente a procesos psicosociales.

Objective: To analyze current scientist literature advances about risk factors and symptomatology of sexual abuse in children and adolescents. Method: A literature review was conducted by consulting english and spanish documents available in APA PsycArticles, Dialnet, Springer and Science Direct databases. 27 research papers published between 2011 and 2020 was selected. They provide quantitative or qualitative information about risk factors and symptomatology of sexual abuse in children and adolescents. Results: Main findings describe risk factors associated with age groups, mainly between 6-7 and 12-13 years, types of reconstituted families, as well as the presence of caregivers different to parents. Short-term symptoms include abrupt changes in behavior, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, anguish, fear and guilt. In addition, physical injuries and somatic alterations are identified. In the long term, symptoms are associated with post-traumatic stress, suicidal behaviors, eating disorders, difficulties in social interaction and sometimes with drugs abuse. Discussions: Regarding risk factors, the use of social media is visible as a reference to be considered in current dynamics. However, the literature emphasizes the need to continue consolidating the analysis of these factors and their articulation with pertinent actions for the prevention and timely attention of abuse. Regarding symptomatology, there is evidence of progress in the short-term analysis, since not only the physical and physiological aspects are addressed, but also the psychosocial aspects. Similarly, the analysis of long-term symptomatology is mainly oriented to psychosocial processes.

Health Behaviors of Colombian First-Semester University Students in Association with Behaviors of Close Social Ties, Living Arrangement, and Time Spent with Peers.

OBJECTIVE: in Colombia, many first-year university students consume unhealthy food, are physically inactive, and drink regularly, which can be associated with the behavior of social ties, living with social ties, and time with peers. The present cross-sectional study assessed the association between health behaviors of first-semester students and these factors. METHOD: N = 189 (Mage = 18.79; SD = 1.07; female = 68.8%) first-semester students in Colombia completed an online questionnaire investigating current and expected health behaviors as well as influencing factors. ANCOVAs, bivariate correlations, moderation analyses, and hierarchical regressions were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: expected food consumption (stronger among participants who live with parents) as well as current and expected heavy drinking and binge drinking (stronger among participants who do not live with parents) were significantly correlated to the respective parental behavior. Current and expected drinking was significantly correlated to partners' drinking. Expected physical activity was correlated with peers' physical activity. Partners' attempts to encourage drinking moderated the association between participants' current and expected drinking with partners' drinking. Time spent with peers was related to heavy drinking and engaging in more physical activity. CONCLUSION: in Colombia, parents appear to play a significant role in their offspring's health behaviors during their first semester at university, particularly regarding food consumption and alcohol use. Partners' drinking and time spent with peers are strongly related to heavy drinking.

Utility of a Short Neuropsychological Protocol for Detecting HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Patients with Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a chronic disease that affects ~40 million people worldwide. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common in individuals with HIV-1 Infection, and represent a recent public health problem. Here we evaluate the performance of a recently proposed short protocol for detecting HAND by studying 60 individuals with HIV-1-Infection and 60 seronegative controls from a Caribbean community in Barranquilla, Colombia. The short evaluation protocol used significant neuropsychological tests from a previous study of asymptomatic HIV-1 infected patients and a group of seronegative controls. Brief screening instruments, i.e., the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS), were also applied. Using machine-learning techniques, we derived predictive models of HAND status, and evaluated their performance with the ROC curves. The proposed short protocol performs exceptionally well yielding sensitivity, specificity, and overall prediction values >90%, and better predictive capacity than that of the MMSE and IHDS. Community-specific cut-off values for HAND diagnosis, based on the MMSE and IHDS, make this protocol suitable for HAND screening in individuals from this Caribbean community. This study shows the effectivity of a recently proposed short protocol to detect HAND in individuals with asymptomatic HIV-1-Infection. The application of community-specific cut-off values for HAND diagnosis in the clinical setting may improve HAND screening accuracy and facilitate patients' treatment and follow-up. Further studies are needed to assess the performance of this protocol in other Latin American populations.

An Exploratory Study for Assessment of Multimodal Semantic Memory in Colombian Children.

Semantic memory (SM) is a type of long-term memory associated with the storage of general information about the world. Here we assessed the characteristics of the SM battery, developed by Catricalà et al. (2013), in a sample of Colombian children. This battery was originally conceived to evaluate adults, and features six subtests that assess SM in different modalities, using a common set of 48 stimuli in both living and nonliving categories. The design of the current study is of a cross-sectional and exploratory type. The sample was composed of 111 children, 57 boys (51%) and 54 girls (49%), who were 6 (n = 68) and 7 (n = 43) years old and had no intellectual disability. Robust linear regression models and correlation networks were used. We found an effect of age on general intelligence after correcting for gender, and no differences on the six subtest scores after corrections for gender and age were performed. Furthermore, age was found to be positively associated with the naming of colored photographs (ß = .75, p = .039), naming in response to an oral description (ß = 1.81, p = .039), picture sorting at four levels (ß = 7.22, p = .029), and sentence verification (ß = 26.66, p = .01). In addition, there were differences between the results obtained in adults in the original study and in the children of our study. This exploratory study supports the feasibility of the Spanish translation of the Catricalà et al. (2013) battery to assess SM in children with a nonclinical condition. Future studies are needed to evaluate the psychometric properties of this SM battery, and to corroborate and expand our findings in a larger sample of control children, and in children with some degree of intellectual disability or suffering of some neurodegenerative or psychiatric conditions.

La memoria semántica (SM) es un tipo de memoria a largo plazo asociada con el almacenamiento de información general sobre el mundo. Aquí evaluamos las características de la batería SM, desarrollada por Catricalà et al. (2013), en una muestra de niños colombianos. Esta batería fue concebida originalmente para evaluar adultos, y presenta seis subpruebas que evalúan SM en diferentes modalidades, utilizando un conjunto común de 48 estímulos en las categorías de vida y no vida. El diseño del presente estudio es de tipo transversal y exploratorio. La muestra estaba compuesta por 111 niños, 57 niños (51%) y 54 niñas (49%), que tenían 6 (n = 68) y 7 (n = 43 ) años y no tenían discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal robustos y redes de correlación. Encontramos un efecto de la edad en la inteligencia general después de corregir por género, y no hubo diferencias en las seis puntuaciones de la subprueba después de realizar correcciones por género y edad. Además, se encontró que la edad se asociaba positivamente con el nombramiento de fotografías en color (ß = .75, p = .039), nombrando en respuesta a una descripción oral (ß = 1.81, p = .039), clasificación de imágenes en cuatro niveles (ß = 7.22, p = .029) y verificación de oraciones (ß = 26.66, p = .01). Además, hubo diferencias entre los resultados obtenidos en adultos en el estudio original y en los niños de nuestro estudio. Este estudio exploratorio respalda la viabilidad de la traducción al español de Catricalà et al. (2013) batería para evaluar SM en niños con una condición no clínica. Se necesitan estudios futuros para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de esta batería SM, y para corroborar y expandir nuestros hallazgos en una muestra más grande de niños control, y en niños con algún grado de discapacidad intelectual o que padecen algunas condiciones neurodegenerativas o psiquiátricas.

Assessing the measurement invariance of a Latin-American Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in Mexican, Argentinean, and Colombian adolescents.

In order to advance in the study of positive body image among different cultures, it is important to create culturally appropriate measures. We examined the psychometric properties of a Latin-American Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a), specifically assessing measurement invariance using a large sample of 3845 male and female adolescents from Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia. Participants completed the BAS-2, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Male Body Attitude Scale and the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3. The BAS-2 had a unidimensional factor structure in each of the three samples. We confirmed the structural, metric, and scalar invariance of the scale regardless of gender or country. Adolescents in Argentina had lower body appreciation compared with those in Mexico and Colombia. Overall, females had lower body appreciation than males, with the greatest gender difference found in the Argentinean sample. Our findings strongly support the validity and reliability of this Latin-American translation of the BAS-2 in measuring positive body image in adolescents in Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia.

The Spanish Body Image State Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity in a Colombian Population.

OBJECTIVE: Body image is a construct highly dependent on culture and ethnicity. Furthermore, recent studies reveal that body image is not only a trait, but also a momentary state subject to change in diverse situational contexts. However, cultural influences on momentary body image have not been sufficiently investigated. To assess the influence of Latin American culture on momentary body image and to enable its comparison to Western countries, the Spanish translation of an existing state body image scale such as the Body Image States Scale (BISS) is needed. In addition, the factor structure, reliability and general validity of the Spanish BISS (S-BISS) should be evaluated prior to its application in diverse situational contexts. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating 1137 individuals between the ages of 18 and 28 years from Barranquilla, Colombia, South America. The original BISS, which assesses body satisfaction, was translated from English to Spanish. Factorial structure, scale score reliability and convergent/divergent validity were assessed. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a one-factor model with correlated items best described the factorial structure present in the BISS questionnaire. The coefficient of scale score reliability was α = 0.92 (McDonalds ω = 0.93), with similar results for men and women. Significant differences between males and females were found with lesser body satisfaction in females (W = 163260, p = 0.016). Lower S-BISS scores indicating less body satisfaction were associated with higher BMI (r = -0.287, p < 0.001) and obtained in participants who were currently on a diet (t 1135 = -3.98, p < 0.001). The S-BISS was negatively correlated with a trait body image measurement assessing body dissatisfaction (Body Shape Questionnaire, r = -0.577, p < 0.001) and a psychopathology questionnaire (Brief Symptom Inventory 53, r = -0.331, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The S-BISS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess body image in the Colombian population, and exhibits similar psychometric properties to those of the original version. Future studies should examine whether the S-BISS captures change in state body image when applied in diverse situational contexts.

Validación de una herramienta para revelar diagnóstico de VIH a niños y adolescentes / Validation of a tool to disclose HIV diagnosis to children and adolescents

Resumen Introducción. La revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/Sida a niños y adolescentes ha tenido beneficios y desafíos para las familias afectadas. Objetivo. Validar la herramienta "Mi Dragón Dormido" para el proceso de revelación del diagnóstico de VIH/Sida a menores de 15 años. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 10 jueces expertos y 40 cuidadores de niños seropositivos y seronegativos para VIH mediante muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Se administraron cuestionarios estructurados para evaluar cinco componentes de eficacia y se realizó análisis descriptivo de los datos y tabulación mediante el programa IBM SPSS Versión 24. Resultados. Jueces expertos y cuidadores determinaron que el formato y los mensajes fueron claros y favorecieron la identificación y aceptación. También indicaron que la herramienta permitió un cambio de comportamiento en el público objetivo. Conclusión. La herramienta es válida para apoyar el proceso de revelación de diagnóstico a niños con VIH y demostró aceptación en población seronegativa, lo que sugiere que puede ser utilizada en hogares y contextos educativos para promover comportamientos que respalden la salud, el bienestar general y la reducción de prácticas discriminatorias hacia las personas con VIH.

Abstract Introduction: The disclosure of the HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children and adolescents has benefits and challenges for affected families. Objective: To validate the tool Mi Dragón Dormido (My Sleeping Dragon) during the process of disclosing an HIV/AIDS diagnosis to children under the age of 15. Materials and methods: 10 expert judges and 40 caregivers of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires were applied to evaluate five efficacy components. A descriptive analysis of data and tabulation were performed using IBM SPSS Version 24 software. Results: Expertjudges and caregivers determined that the format and the messages were clear and favored identification and acceptance. They also stated that the tool enabled behavior change in the target audience. Conclusion: The tool is valid for supporting the process of disclosure of diagnosis to children with HIV and demonstrated acceptance in HIV-negative populations, suggesting that it can be used in homes and educational settings to promote behaviors that support health, general well-being and the reduction of discriminatory practices towards people with HIV.

Evaluación de la responsabilidad criminal en una muestra de reclusos(as) en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia, con el R-CRAS / Evaluation of the criminal liability in a sample of inmates in Barranquilla, Colombia with the R-CRAS / Avaliação da responsabilidade criminal em uma amostra de prisioneiros(as) na cidade de Barranquilla, Colômbia, com o R-CRAS

Resumen La responsabilidad criminal es un concepto objeto de estudio para la psicología forense. Se ha definido como la capacidad cognitiva de una persona para apreciar la naturaleza de lo injusto de su acto. En Latinoamérica, y de manera más específica en Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada, y existe escasa literatura sobre los instrumentos que permiten evaluarla. En este estudio se buscó establecer la responsabilidad criminal de 154 reclusos(as) sindicados y acusados por el delito de homicidio, utilizando el instrumento R-CRAS de Rogers (1986), el cual ha sido adaptado para Colombia por Mebarak y Jiménez (2010), con el fin de ampliar esta línea de investigación. Se pudo encontrar que a pesar de que la mayoría de reclusos reconocen su participación, culpa e implicaciones en los eventos relacionados con el crimen por el cual se encuentran recluidos, existe un porcentaje que aún no logra comprender la ilicitud de su acto (19,8%). Además, mucha información que se requiere para realizar una evaluación completa no era proporcionada por los centros carcelarios, y esto dejó un amplio vacío. Frente a esta situación, se necesitan mayores intervenciones de la psicológica forense en las prisiones, y sobre todo el desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación que permitan una mejor aproximación frente a esta problemática. Se discuten las implicaciones.

Abstract Criminal responsibility is a concept under consideration in the field of forensic psychology. It has been defined as the cognitive capacity of a person to appreciate the nature of unfairness of his act. In Latin America, and more specifically in Colombia, it has not been widely studied and there is little literature on the instruments that allow it to be evaluated. This study aims to determine the criminal responsibility of 154 Colombian homicides, using the R-CRAS instrument of Rogers (1986) which has been adapted in Colombia by Mebarak and Jiménez (2010), in order to broaden this line of research. It was found that the most of the of inmates recognize their participation, guilt and implications in the events related to the crime for which they are being held, there is a percentage (19,8%) of them who have not understood the illicitness of their act yet. Also, a lot of information required to develop a comprehensive evaluation was not provided by the prison, leaving a substantial gap. Faced with this situation, there is a need for greater forensic psychological intervention in prisons and, above all, the development of evaluation instruments that allow a better approach to this problem. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Resumo A responsabilidade criminal é um conceito objeto de estudo para a psicologia forense. Tem sido definida como a habilidade cognitiva de uma pessoa para apreciar a natureza do injusto do seu ato. Na América Latina, y de maneira mais específica na Colômbia, não tem sido amplamente estudada, e existe escassa literatura sobre os instrumentos que permitem avaliá-la. No estudo se procurou estabelecer a responsabilidade criminal de 154 prisioneiros(as) indiciados e acusados pelo delito de homicídio, utilizando o instrumento R-CRAS de Rogers (1986), o qual tem sido adaptado para Colômbia por Mebarak e Jiménez (2010), com o fim de ampliar essa linha de pesquisa. Foi possível identificar que apesar de que a maioria dos prisioneiros reconhecem sua participação, culpa e implicações nos eventos relacionados com o crime pelo qual foram presos, existe uma porcentagem que ainda não consegue compreender a ilicitude do seu ato (19,8%). Além, muita informação requerida para fazer uma avaliação completa não era proporcionada pelos centros penitenciários, e isso deixou um amplo vácuo. Diante dessa situação, se necessitam maiores intervenções da psicologia forense nas prisões, e sobretudo o desenvolvimento de instrumentos de avaliação que permitam uma melhor aproximação perante dessa problemática. Se discutem as implicações.

Neuropsychological performance in patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) lead to neurocognitive disorders; however, there is still much knowledge to be gained regarding HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive performance, instrumental activities of daily living, depression, and anxiety in patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infections compared with seronegative participants without neurocognitive impairment. We studied a sample consisted of 60 patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infections and 60 seronegative participants without neurocognitive impairment from the city of Barranquilla, Colombia, with a mean age of 36.07 years. A protocol of neuropsychological and psychopathological tests was applied to the participants. The group of patients with asymptomatic HIV infections significantly underperformed on tasks that assessed global cognitive screening, attention span, learning, phonemic verbal fluency, auditory-verbal comprehension, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, and motor skills compared to the group of seronegative participants. No significant differences were found in memory, visual confrontation naming, vocabulary, inhibition, and instrumental activities of daily living. Additionally, the patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection had a higher anxiety index than the seronegative participants, but no significant difference was found in depression. A correlation was found between depression and anxiety. In conclusion, the patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection had lower cognitive performances than the seronegative participants in the cognitive functions mentioned above and more anxiety but still performed the instrumental activities of daily living.

Estilos de vida saludable en adultos jóvenes damnificados por inundación / Healthy lifestyles in young adult flood victims

Resumen Al igual que otros desastres naturales, las inundaciones conllevan repercusiones negativas en las comunidades, resultando en el deterioro de la salud mental y física de las víctimas. A largo plazo, las secuelas en la salud mental suelen más persistentes, se manifiestan en un pobre autocuidado y otros aspectos relacionados a la pobreza. Con el propósito de realizar un acercamiento a una población profundamente afectada por una inundación, se propone la caracterización de sus estilos de vida. Como concepto, estos se constituyen como estrategias para el mantenimiento y potenciación de la salud. Implican un abordaje multidimensional que dé cuenta de la complejidad del ser humano en términos de las creencias y conductas en torno a su salud. Además, debe tenerse en cuenta que se alude a un término multifactorial, donde el contexto y las condiciones del individuo influyen en su consolidación. Bajo este paradigma se realiza un estudio descriptivo-transversal. Aquí bajo un muestreo aleatorio se seleccionaron 500 habitantes entre 20 y 40 años de edad, víctimas de inundación, tras el rompimiento del canal del dique en el año 2010, que residen en el Municipio de Campo de la Cruz, Departamento de Atlántico - Colombia. En particular se trabajan las dimensiones de consumo de sustancias, nutrición, autocuidado, sueño, tiempo libre y actividad física. Es notable que no se tienen datos significativos de la situación social y económica de la población antes del desastre. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca el reconocimiento de las víctimas sobre las estrategias que promueven la salud, y sus respectivos beneficios. Sin embargo, aún se presentan incoherencias entre sus creencias y la aplicación de hábitos saludables. Por otro lado, se resaltan el consumo de sustancias como factor de riesgo para la salud de los sujetos, y la necesidad de fortalecer el rol activo de los mismos en torno a prácticas de autocuidado.

Abstract Similarly, to other natural disasters, floods entail negative repercussions in affected communities. This leads to a decline in the victims' mental and physical health. In the long term, mental health consequences tend to be more persistent, they manifest through poor self-care and other aspects related to poverty. With the intention to approach a population deeply affected by a flood, we propose the characterization of their lifestyles. As a concept, these are established as strategies for maintaining and developing health. They imply a multidimensional approach that considers the complexity of human beings in terms of their beliefs and behaviors towards their own health. In addition, it must be kept in mind that it alludes to a multifactor concept, where individual context and conditions influence its consolidation. Under this paradigm, we ca-rried out a descriptive-transversal study. Through random sampling we selected 500 inhabitants between 20 and 40 years of age, victims of the flood, after the dam canal failure in 2010, who reside in the municipality of Campo de la Cruz, At-lantico Department - Colombia. In particular we work with the dimensions of substance abuse, nutrition, self-care, sleep, leisure time and physical activity. It's notable that there is no significant data about the social and economic situation of the population before the disaster. Among the results obtained we highlight the knowledge of the victims about strategies that promote health and their benefits. However there are incoherencies between their beliefs and the performance of health habits. On the other hand, substance abuse is emphasized as a risk factor for the health of the participants, and the need to strengthen their active role surrounding self-care practices.

Descriptive study of autopsies in the Atlantic and Magdalena departments / Estudio descriptivo de las autopsias en los departamentos Atlántico y Magdalena

Abstract The present study is aimed to determine some epidemiological aspects related to homicides committed by hired killers with firearms. We conducted a data collection survey of historical records from the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. The sample (n = 310) is composed of homicide victims in 2007 in the departments of Atlántico and Magdalena. We found that 93.5 % of the victims were male. Most of the victims (38.7 %) were found in the age range between 21 and 30 years old. A high percentage (32.9 %) of the victims were unmar ried. The most common racial trait was the "mestizo" (94.2 %). A percentage of 48.4 % of the victims had a height between 161 and 170 cms. The days with higher incidence of killings were Mondays (19 %) and Fridays (18.4 %). The places where most of the murders happened were "in public" places with a percentage of 33.2 %. The most common number of bullet impacts was "2" with a 21.3 %. The most common body region impacted was on the head. Finally the paper presents the findings of the study.

Resumen El presente estudio se propuso determinar algunos aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados con los homicidos cometidos por sicarios con arma de fuego. Se realiza una colección de registros históri cos del Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. La muestra (n=310) está compuesta por víctimas de homicidio del año 2007 en los departamentos Atlántico y Magdalena. Se encontró que el 93,5 % de las víctimas eran de sexo masculino. La mayoría de las víctimas (38,7 %) se en contraban en el rango de edad de 21 a 30 años. Un alto porcentaje (32,9 %) de las víctimas vivían en unión libre. El rasgo facial más común era el "mestizo" (94,2 %). El 48,4 % de las víctimas me dia entre 161 y 170 centímetros de estatura. Los días con mayor incidencia eran los lunes (19 %) y los viernes (18,4 %). Los lugares descritos como "públicos" fue donde ocurrieron la mayoría de los homicidios con un porcentaje del 33,2 %. "2" fue el número de impactos de bala más común con un 21,3 %. La región corporal que fue impactada con mayor frecuencia se trató del área de la cabeza. Finalmente, el artículo presenta los resultados del estudio.

Riesgos psicosociales: la psicología organizacional positiva como propuesta de promoción, prevención e intervención / Psychosocial risks: positive organizational psychology as a proposal for promotion, prevention and intervention

El objetivo de este trabajo fue conceptualizar las bases de una psicología organizacional positiva para la prevención de problemas y riesgos psicosociales en el contexto organizacional. Se utilizaron fuentes bibliográficas de primer y segundo orden. El análisis se realizó a partir de las categorías encontradas en el esquema teórico. Existe la necesidad de plantear un modelo comprehensivo que, basado en investigación empírica, permita disminuir, prevenir o erradicar los riesgos psicosociales en el contexto organizacional. La psicología organizacional positiva ofrece un modelo que podría facilitar el desarrollo de este modelo. Argumentamos que es necesario desarrollar, desde la psicología organizacional positiva, un programa de intervención que nos permita estructurar tanto las condiciones del trabajo como los recursos laborales que tienen las personas.

Conceptualize the basis of a positive organizational psychology to the prevention of problems and psychosocial risks in the organizational context. Bibliographical sources of first and second order where used. The analysis is based from the categories found in the theoretical framework. There is a need to develop a comprehensive model, based on empirical research that allows reducing, preventing or eliminating psychosocial risks in the organizational context. Positive Organizational Psychology presents a model that could facilitate the development of this model. We argue that it is necessary to develop, from positive organizational psychology, an intervention program that allows us to structure both working conditions as labor resources that people have.