ABSTRACT
The primary use of lorazepam, when administered intravenously (IV), has been in the treatment of acute attacks of anxiety and agitation. Recent studies have investigated its efficacy in patients with status epilepticus. The present study compared the efficacy and tolerability of lorazepam and clonazepam in the treatment of status epilepticus. Lorazepam, 4 to 10 mg IV, and/or clonazepam, 1 mg IV, was administered in 61 hospitalized epileptic patients. If needed, the dose of each agent was repeated in 20 minutes. Twenty-two patients were given lorazepam, nine were given clonazepam, and 30 were given both drugs at different times. Improvement in EEG was greater with lorazepam while the clinical symptoms responded more completely to clonazepam. Both drugs were most effective in patients with secondary generalized epilepsy. Drowsiness followed either drug. Psychomotor agitation followed either drug in 12% of patients.
Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Benzodiazepinones/administration & dosage , Clonazepam/administration & dosage , Lorazepam/administration & dosage , Status Epilepticus/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Clinical Trials as Topic , Clonazepam/adverse effects , Clonazepam/blood , Electroencephalography , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Lorazepam/adverse effects , Lorazepam/blood , Middle Aged , Status Epilepticus/bloodSubject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents/administration & dosage , Benzodiazepinones/administration & dosage , Clonazepam/administration & dosage , Lorazepam/administration & dosage , Status Epilepticus/drug therapy , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Status Epilepticus/physiopathology , Wakefulness/drug effectsABSTRACT
On the basis of a personal classification, the authors attempt to establish a correlation between the CAT scan and various forms of epilepsy. Although some results are entirely consistent, the authors find that in a fair number of apparently lesional forms of epilepsy the CAT detects approximately the same percentage of abnormalities in cases with a history of clear pathological antecedents as in those without such antecedents. In the light of this finding, the relation between the CAT record and the true cause of epilepsy is reconsidered.
Subject(s)
Epilepsy/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Epilepsy/classification , Humans , Infant , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
The excretion of sulfatides in human urine was studied. 24-hr urine collections were filtered. Urinary glycolipids were extracted from the filter paper and fractionated on diethylaminoethyl cellulose and silicic acid columns, and by thin-layer chromatography. Fatty acids and long-chain bases were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography of the corresponding esters and aldehydes. Glycosyl ceramide concentration was determined by gas-liquid chromatography of the trimethylsilyl ethers of the methyl glycosides. Normal females were found to excrete larger amounts of dihexosyl ceramides than males. Sulfatides were detected in all urine specimens. In sulfatidosis, a hereditary sulfatide storage disorder known as metachromatic leukcdystrophy, a large increase in sulfatide was readily apparent on a thin-layer chromatogram of the crude lipid extract. On comparing samples from normal individuals and patients with sulfatidosis, urinary sulfatide composition was remarkably similar to that previously reported in the kidney, including differences in fatty acid pattern. The determination of urinary sulfatides was a valuable confirmation of the deficiency in arylsulfatase A activity characteristic of sulfatidosis.
