Spatio-Temporal Determinants of Dengue Epidemics in the Central Region of Burkina Faso.

The aim of this study was to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and determinants of the 2017 dengue epidemic in Burkina Faso. A principal component analysis of meteorological and environmental factors was performed to reduce dimensions and avoid collinearities. An initial generalized additive model assessed the impact of the components derived from this analysis on dengue incidence. Dengue incidence increased mainly with relative humidity, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index and minimum temperature with an 8-week lag. A Kulldoff Satscan scan was used to identify high-risk dengue clusters, and a second generalized additive model assessed the risk of a health area being at high risk according to land-use factors. The spatio-temporal distribution of dengue fever was heterogeneous and strongly correlated with meteorological factors. The rural communes of Sabaa and Koubri were the areas most at risk. This study provides useful information for planning targeted dengue control strategies in Burkina Faso.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and associated factors among people living with HIV over the first 12 months following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso, a sub-Saharan African country.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and factors associated with the infection among PLWHIV over the first 12 months following the outbreak of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study of plasma samples collected from March 9, 2020, and March 8, 2021, at the outpatient HIV referral center, before the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Burkina Faso. METHODS: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were detected in plasma using DS-ЕIA-ANTI-SARS-CoV-2-G (S) kit. Logistic regressions were used to compare SARS-CoV-2 specific immune responses between groups and within subgroups. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 419 plasma were subjected to serological diagnosis. None of the participants was vaccinated against COVID-19 during the period of sample collection, and 130 samples were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, giving a prevalence of 31.0% (95% CI 26.6-35.7). The median CD4 cell count was 661 cells/µL (IQR,422-928). Retailers had half the risk of being infected compared to housemaids with an OR of 0.49 (p = 0.028, 95% CI 0.26-0.91). Likewise, the risk of infection was 1.69 times higher in patients on integrase inhibitors compared to that of patients on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (p = 0.020, 95% CI 1.09-2.63). CONCLUSION: Our study reveals a high seroprevalence among PLWHIV to SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic. In addition, PLWHIV on integrase inhibitors are 1.69 times more likely to be infected than PLWHIV on non-nucleoside inhibitors, and this observation remains an intriguing topic that still needs to be clarified.

Effect of personalized home-based support for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes: a cluster randomized trial.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy has been linked to higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of individualized home-based care for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This was a cluster-randomized experiment done in Burkina Faso's Sindou health area between 2015 and 2016. The intervention included a monthly home-based visit focused on nutritional counseling and pregnancy monitoring for pregnant women, and a training on nutrition for pregnant women, prevention of anemia in pregnancy, and management of anemia in pregnancy for health facility teams. In the control group, prenatal care was administered in accordance with national program guidelines. The primary outcome was the reported prevalence of anemia in pregnancy. The secondary outcomes of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and abortion were evaluated using a difference in differences analysis and mixed models across the two groups. The sample consisted of 617 pregnant women, with 440 women assigned to the intervention group and 177 assigned to the control group. No maternal fatalities occurred in either group. The intervention decreased stillbirths by -1.6% (95% confidence interval: -3.1% to - 0.1%). It had no impact on the rates of low birth weight, premature birth, and abortion. Conclusion: In rural Burkina Faso, personalized support of pregnant women at home, in conjunction with appropriate prenatal care, reduced stillbirths, but not the rates of low birth weight, preterm birth, or abortion.

Magnitude and associated factors of latent tuberculosis infection due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex among high-risk groups in urban Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among three high-risk groups - household contacts of TB index cases, healthcare workers and slaughterhouse workers - in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Methods: Participants were recruited to this cross-sectional study from March to July 2020 after giving informed consent. Sociodemographic, clinical and biological data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test (QFT-Plus) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) were used for detection of LTBI. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for LTBI. Results: The prevalence of LTBI among 101 participants (age range 15-68 years) was 67.33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 57.27-76.33] and 84.16% (95% CI 75.55-90.66) based on QFT-Plus and TST results, respectively. Compared with healthcare workers and household contacts of TB index cases, the prevalence of LTBI among slaughterhouse workers was significantly higher for both QTF-Plus (96.8%; P<0.001) and TST (100%; P=0.003). Working in a slaughterhouse [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.095, 95% CI 1.00-2.036], smoking (AOR 4.214, 95% CI 1.051-16.899), ≥15 years of exposure (AOR 5.617, 95% CI 1.202-32.198), having an animal at home (AOR 2.735, 95% CI 1.102-6.789) and protozoal infection (AOR 2.591, 95% CI 1.034-6.491) were significantly associated with LTBI on the QFT-Plus assay. Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI was high in all three groups, particularly slaughterhouse workers. The risk factors identified could form the basis of targeted intervention.

Nutritional, Microbiological, and Toxicological Quality Assessment of Foods Sold in Urban and Suburban Markets in Burkina Faso.

Food safety risks are becoming a public health problem with important socioeconomic consequences for human wellbeing, especially for pregnant women and infants. In this article, we describe findings from microbiological, toxicological, and nutritional quality assessments of foods from 5 localities in Burkina Faso, with the aim to provide baseline data on the quality of food and the risks to mothers and children. Samples for assessment included food sold in markets, stores, and restaurants (eg, cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, edible oils, powdered milk, dried fish, packaged water, ready-to-eat meals). The research team selected the samples using the random route method and analyzed them at the National Public Health Laboratory in Ouagadougou between January and December 2020. A total of 443 food samples were collected, of which 101 were analyzed for microbial contamination, 360 were analyzed for the presence of toxins, and 59 were analyzed for their nutritional value. The microbiological quality of 11.88% of the food samples was unsatisfactory, and 41.50% were contaminated with aflatoxins. At least 1 pesticide residue and cyfluthrin were detected in 58.10% of samples. The most detected contaminant (cyfluthrin) was found in 79.10% of the analyzed samples. A peroxide index higher than the normal value (10 mEq/kg) was found in 3.38% of the oil samples and 76.27% of the oil samples had a vitamin A content lower than the recommended limit of 11 mg/kg. This study is the first in Burkina Faso that provides baseline data on the quality of food and potential health risks to mothers and children in Burkina Faso. Considering the level of contaminants reported in this article, it is imperative to enhance routine monitoring of foods in the country.

Evaluation of Adherence of Health-Care Workers to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines in the Context of the Free Care Program in Burkina Faso.

To reduce child mortality in children younger than 5 years, Burkina Faso has been offering free care to this population of children since 2016. The free care program is aligned with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines. Given that the number of studies that evaluated the competence of health-care workers (HCWs) during the free care program was limited, we assessed the adherence level of HCWs to the IMCI guidelines in the context of free care. This was a secondary data analysis. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study conducted from July to September 2020 in 40 primary health-care centers and two district hospitals in the Hauts-Bassins region in Burkina Faso. Our analysis included 419 children younger than 5 years old who were consulted according to IMCI guidelines. Data were collected through direct observation using a checklist. The overall score of adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines was 57.8% (95% CI, 42.6-73.0). The mean adherence score of the evaluation of danger signs was 71.9% (95% CI, 58.7-85.1). The mean adherence score of following IMCI guidelines was significantly greater in boys (54.2%) compared with girls (44.6%; P < 0.001). Adherence scores of the performance of different IMCI tasks were significantly different across HCW categories. The overall adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines in the context of free care was greater than the adherence reported before the implementation of free care in Burkina Faso. However, this assessment needs to be performed nationwide to capture the overall adherence of HCWs to IMCI guidelines in the context of the free care program.

Climate factors and dengue fever in Burkina Faso from 2017 to 2019.

Dengue is now a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the influence of local meteorological factors on the incidence of dengue is an important element for better prediction and control of this disease. This study aims to assess the impact of meteorological factors on dengue transmission in the central region of Burkina Faso. We analyzed the lagged effects of meteorological factors on the weekly incidence of dengue from 2017 to 2019 in the central region of Burkina Faso using a General Additive Model. The results show that maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed have a significant non-linear effect on dengue cases in the region with 83% of case variance explained. The optimal temperature that increases dengue cases was 27°C to 32°C for the maximum temperature and 18°C to 20°C for the minimum temperature with a decrease beyond that. The maximum temperature shifted by six weeks had the best correlation with dengue incidence. The estimated number of dengue cases increases as the maximum relative humidity increases from 15 to 45% and then from 60 to 70%. In general, an increase in daily wind speed is estimated to decrease the number of daily dengue cases. The relationship between rainfall and dengue cases was not significant. This study provides local information about the effect of meteorological factors on dengue that should help improve predictive models of dengue cases in Burkina Faso and contribute to the control of this disease.

Evaluation of the quality of maternal death review cycles in Burkina Faso.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of the maternal death review (MDR) cycle in selected health facilities in Burkina Faso in accordance with national standards. METHODS: A multiple case study using a qualitative approach performed in five health districts and two regional hospital centers in Burkina Faso. The facilities were chosen by contrasted purposive sampling based on hospital maternal mortality rate and urban or rural location. Structured and semistructured interviews were conducted and data analyzed thematically, horizontally, and vertically. RESULTS: Of the seven facilities included, six performed MDR. The MDR cycle was incomplete in five facilities because the implementation of recommendations had not been assessed. All cases of maternal death lacked vital information. Case analysis was not conducted in accordance with the national standards in most of the facilities. The action plans for implementing recommendations were not commonly used. CONCLUSION: The MDR process and its various stages did not meet quality standards. Identifying the determinants leading to lack of adherence to MDR standards will contribute to optimal choice of interventions and improving good practices in health facilities.

Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women in Cascades Region of Burkina Faso in 2012.

INTRODUCTION: anaemia in pregnancy is a public health concern in Burkina Faso. This study aims at identifying the factors associated with the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women at a regional level in Burkina Faso. METHODS: we conducted a cross-sectional study in the region called "Cascades", located at the Western part of Burkina Faso. The study population included all pregnant women who attended antenatal care clinics in all public peripheral health facilities (districts) between May and June 2012 and agreed to participate in the study. They provided blood sample from which we measured the haemoglobin concentration using the Hemocue® system. The factors associated with anaemia in the study population were identified through multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: the prevalence (95% CI) of anaemia in pregnancy in the Cascades region was 58.9% (56.6% - 61.2%). Anaemia in pregnancy was more common in district of Banfora (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.07-1.83), among housewives (OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.10-8.0), in the Mossi ethnic group (OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.04-1.85) and among the wives of farmers and artisans (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.59-4.07). Anaemia in pregnancy was less frequent among women who drank local beer (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.94). CONCLUSION: the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy is high in Burkina Faso. Improving women's income level may contribute to reduce it. Further studies are needed to elucidate the link between the consumption of local beer, the local diet practices and anaemia in pregnant women.

Effect of Personalized Support at Home on the Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnancy in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Burkina Faso has high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), despite the implementation of the WHO recommended guidelines. This study aimed to test the effects of personalized support for pregnant women at home on the trend of anemia prevalence in pregnancy. A cluster randomized trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2016 at Sindou health district in Burkina Faso. Data were collected from 617 women in their first or second trimester of pregnancy, including 440 and 177 women in the intervention and control groups, respectively. The intervention consisted of a monthly home-based visit to the pregnant woman, focusing on nutritional counseling and pregnancy management, alongside an improvement antenatal visit quality. Compared with the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in the control group [64.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.1-74.4%)], that of the intervention group was significantly lower from the fifth home visit onward [36.8% (95% CI: 32.1-41.8%)] (P < 0.001). The adjusted difference-in-differences in anemia prevalence between the two groups was -19.8% (95% CI: -30.2% to -9.4%) for women who received more than four home visits (P < 0.001). The corresponding difference in hemoglobin levels was 0.644 g/dL (95% CI: 0.309-0.167; P < 0.001). Personalized support for pregnant women at home, combined with appropriate antenatal care, can significantly reduce anemia prevalence during pregnancy in rural Burkina Faso.

[The challenge of intersectorality in the formulation of policies favourable to the health of older persons in west africa: the case of Burkina Faso]. / Le defi de l'intersectorialite dans la formulation des politiques favorables a la sante des personnes agees en afrique de l'ouest : cas du Burkina Faso.

AIM: The aim of this study was to contribute to a better development of health policies for the elderly in Burkina Faso. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have done a qualitative cross-sectional study from February to September 2018 in 4 ministerial departments of Burkina Faso (health, human rights, public service and national solidarity). The interviews included non-governmental organisations, associations, technical and financial partners. Inductive approach has used to produce results. RESULTS: A total of 24 key informants were included in the study. Various interventions were implemented differently by the departmental departments. The study identified non-functional interdepartmental consultation frameworks as mechanisms for consultation. These frameworks have not been used in the formulation or implementation of policies for the elderly. CONCLUSION: National coordination of public policies for the elderly in high level of decision-making is important. The activation of interdepartmental consultation frameworks is a necessity for formulating holistic and complementary interventions for the elderly and even beyond this target group.

BUT: Le but de cette étude était de contribuer à une meilleure élaboration des politiques publiques de santé en faveur des personnes âgées au Burkina Faso. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: il s'est agi d'une étude transversale qualitative de Février à Septembre 2018 dans 4 départements ministériels du Burkina Faso (la santé, les droits humains, la fonction publique et la solidarité nationale). Les entretiens ont inclus des organisations non gouvernementales, des associations, des partenaires au développement. L'approche inductive a été utilisée pour produire les résultats. RÉSULTATS: Au total 24 informateurs clés étaient inclus dans l'étude. Diverses interventions étaient mises en œuvre différemment par les départements ministériels. L'étude a mis en évidence des cadres de concertations interministériels non fonctionnels. Ces cadres n'ont pas été utilisés ni dans la formulation, ni dans la mise en œuvre des politiques en faveur des personnes âgées dans les différents ministères. CONCLUSION: L'absence de coordination interministérielle entre les ministères chargés des politiques publiques en faveur de la santé des personnes âgées et le faible engagement de l'Etat et des partenaires au développement étaient des limites relevées dans cette étude. La définition d'une politique publique de santé des personnes âgées à dimension intersectorielle s'avère nécessaire au Burkina Faso.

[Equity of access to immunization services in the Center-East health region in 2018, Burkina Faso] / Équité d'accès aux services de vaccination dans la région sanitaire du Centre-Est, 2018, Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION: The Central East region of Burkina Faso has vaccine coverage which is among the lowest in the country with an epidemiological profile marked by the occurrence of measles or meningitis outbreaks. This study was conducted with the aim of carrying out an equity analysis of the organization of immunization services in this region in order to identify factors that cause potential inequities in vaccination offer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This descriptive cross-sectional study covered the seven districts in the Central East region. Data collection was done in two weeks combined with observation method, individual interviews and document review. Part of the data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data analysis was performed with the Epi info 7 software using a plan designed for this purpose. RESULTS: A total of 144 health centers in the region (93.0% coverage) were surveyed. The average distance between villages and health facilities was 5.2 km with 16.2% of villages that were located more than 10 km from a health facility. Health centers had an average of four health workers, however the urban health centers had more workers than those in rural areas. About 16% of the villages did not benefit from an on-site vaccination trip due to the unavailability of transport logistics. More than half of the health centers (53.9%) had experienced vaccine shortages in the last six months before the study. More than 5,000 safety boxes containing used syringes were stored in the districts of the region. CONCLUSION: This study identified factors potentially responsible for an inequity in providing vaccination services in the Central East region. These factors include, but are not limited to, the geographical distribution of the health centers, the availability of transport logistics, and the shortage in vaccines and deficiencies in the waste disposal system. Concerted actions should be developed, involving all stakeholders in the health system in order to address these issues.

[Equity of access to immunization services in the Center-East health region in 2018, Burkina Faso]. / Équité d'accès aux services de vaccination dans la région sanitaire du Centre-Est, 2018, Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION: The Central East region of Burkina Faso has vaccine coverage which is among the lowest in the country with an epidemiological profile marked by the occurrence of measles or meningitis outbreaks. This study was conducted with the aim of carrying out an equity analysis of the organization of immunization services in this region in order to identify factors that cause potential inequities in vaccination offer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This descriptive cross-sectional study covered the seven districts in the Central East region. Data collection was done in two weeks combined with observation method, individual interviews and document review. Part of the data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data analysis was performed with the Epi info 7 software using a plan designed for this purpose. RESULTS: A total of 144 health centers in the region (93.0% coverage) were surveyed. The average distance between villages and health facilities was 5.2 km with 16.2% of villages that were located more than 10 km from a health facility. Health centers had an average of four health workers, however the urban health centers had more workers than those in rural areas. About 16% of the villages did not benefit from an on-site vaccination trip due to the unavailability of transport logistics. More than half of the health centers (53.9%) had experienced vaccine shortages in the last six months before the study. More than 5,000 safety boxes containing used syringes were stored in the districts of the region. CONCLUSION: This study identified factors potentially responsible for an inequity in providing vaccination services in the Central East region. These factors include, but are not limited to, the geographical distribution of the health centers, the availability of transport logistics, and the shortage in vaccines and deficiencies in the waste disposal system. Concerted actions should be developed, involving all stakeholders in the health system in order to address these issues.

Quality and reliability of vaccination documentation in the routine childhood immunization program in Burkina Faso: Results from a cross-sectional survey.

INTRODUCTION: Accurate and timely vaccination data are important to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) to assess individual vaccination status and to monitor performance and vaccine coverage (VC). Since 2013, Burkina Faso introduced several new vaccines into the routine childhood immunization schedule. However, sustained efforts for a timely update and alignment of immunization home-based (HBRs) and health facility-based records (FBRs) with the evolving schedule were not implemented. METHODS: In 2016-17, we conducted a 6-week cross-sectional survey in 30 health facilities (HFs) across 10 health districts (HDs), targeting children aged < 24 months and their caregivers. Data collected included sociodemographics, availability of vaccination recording fields in HBRs, and vaccination dates. We evaluated the characteristics, completion patterns, and concordance of HBRs and FBRs to determine their reliability as data sources in estimating VC. A standard HBR was defined as one that had recording fields for all recommended 17 vaccine doses of the schedule, and discordance between HBR and FBR as having different vaccination dates recorded, or vaccination information missing in one of the records. We computed proportions and concordance statistics, and used logistic regression to explore predictors of discordance. RESULTS: We recruited 619 children, including 74% (n = 458) aged 0-11 months. Half (50.6%) of HBRs were non-standard. About two-thirds (64.6%) of children were concerned with discordant information. Compared to HBRs, FBRs were generally associated with low negative predictive values (median: 0.41; IQR: 0.16-0.70). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that standard HBR was protectively associated with discordant information (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26-0.81, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: We documented a lack of standardization of HBRs and frequent information discordance with FBRs. There is a pressing need to update and standardize vaccination recording tools and ensure their continuous availability in HFs to improve data quality in Burkina Faso.

Équité d'accès aux services de vaccination dans la région sanitaire du Centre-Est, 2018, Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION: The Central East region of Burkina Faso has vaccine coverage which is among the lowest in the country with an epidemiological profile marked by the occurrence of measles or meningitis outbreaks. This study was conducted with the aim of carrying out an equity analysis of the organization of immunization services in this region in order to identify factors that cause potential inequities in vaccination offer. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This descriptive cross-sectional study covered the seven districts in the Central East region. Data collection was done in two weeks combined with observation method, individual interviews and document review. Part of the data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The data analysis was performed with the Epi info 7 software using a plan designed for this purpose. RESULTS: A total of 144 health centers in the region (93.0% coverage) were surveyed. The average distance between villages and health facilities was 5.2 km with 16.2% of villages that were located more than 10 km from a health facility. Health centers had an average of four health workers, however the urban health centers had more workers than those in rural areas. About 16% of the villages did not benefit from an on-site vaccination trip due to the unavailability of transport logistics. More than half of the health centers (53.9%) had experienced vaccine shortages in the last six months before the study. More than 5,000 safety boxes containing used syringes were stored in the districts of the region. CONCLUSION: This study identified factors potentially responsible for an inequity in providing vaccination services in the Central East region. These factors include, but are not limited to, the geographical distribution of the health centers, the availability of transport logistics, and the shortage in vaccines and deficiencies in the waste disposal system. Concerted actions should be developed, involving all stakeholders in the health system in order to address these issues.

Comment prendre le pas sur le coronavirus dans un pays en développement: questions et actions au Burkina Faso.

Le monde entier est touché par un bouleversement sans précédent, crée par un virus incontrôlable et qui a pris le pas sur les théories scientifiques les plus élaborées. Les grandes puissances peinent à empêcher l'hécatombe dans les effectifs de leurs citoyens infectés, en dépit de toutes les avancées scientifiques et technologiques. Les pays à ressources limitées et dans lesquels vivent des populations parmi les plus vulnérables apparaissent comme les cibles sur lesquelles le virus est susceptible de faire le maximum de dégâts. Cette note discute des approches stratégiques, propose des mesures politiques et suggère des recommandations. La capacité de dépistage/diagnostic, les mesures de protection et d'assainissement, la communication et l'implication de la communauté seraient des priorités de riposte.

[Epidemiologic Weight Of Noncommunicable Diseases In Burkina Faso : National STEPS Survey 2013]. / Poids Epidemiologiques Des Maladies Non Transmissibles Au Burkina Faso. Enquete Nationale STEPS 2013.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the extent of major noncommunicable diseases and their common risk factors in Burkina Faso. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was an analysis based on secondary data from the 2013 national STEPS survey in Burkina Faso. The analysis conducted in 2018 concerned behavioral risk factors and metabolic factors. A multiple regression model was used to determine the independent factors associated with these diseases. RESULTS: The independent variables associated with behavioral risk factors were 1) young age(OR=0, 4423; p< 0,001) and males(OR=0,0030 ; p< 0,001) for smoking, 2) older age (OR= 2,01 ; p= 0,0066 and OR=2,18 ; p< 0,001) and males(OR=2,18 ; p< 0,001) for drinking and harmful use of alcohol, and 3) young age(OR=0,34 ; p< 0,001) and the urban environment(OR=1,57 ; p= 0,0236) for physical inactivity. The independent variables associated with metabolic risk factors were 1) young age (OR=1,33 ; p= 0,0295) and urban (OR=0,31 ; p<0,001) for overweight, 2) female(OR=2,55 ; p= 0,0010) and urban(OR= 0,13; p< 0,001) for obesity, and 3) advanced age(OR=2,49 ; p< 0,001and OR= 2,12 ; p= 0,0115), and urban setting(OR=0,47 ; p< 0,001 and OR= 0,49 ;p= 0,0320) for high blood pressure and diabetes. CONCLUSION: In Burkina Faso, prevention and health promotion actions to reduce these risk factors need to be stepped up with a multi-sectoral approach.

BUT: L'objectif de cette étude était d'analyser l'ampleur des principales maladies non transmissibles et leurs facteurs de risque communs au Burkina Faso. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: il s'agissait d'une analyse basée sur des données secondaires de l'enquête par étape (STEPS)au Burkina Faso réalisée en 2013. L'analyse a concerné les facteurs de risques comportementaux et métaboliques. Un modèle de régression multiple a été utilisé pour déterminer les facteurs indépendants associés à ces maladies. RÉSULTATS: Les variables indépendantes associées aux facteurs de risque comportementaux étaient 1) le jeune âge (OR=0,4423 ; p< 0,001) et le sexe masculin (OR=0,0030 ; p< 0,001)pour le tabagisme, 2) l'âge avancé (OR= 2,01 ; p= 0,0066 et OR=2,18 ; p< 0,001) et le sexe masculin (OR=2,18 ; p< 0,001) pour la consommation et l'usage nocif d'alcool et 3) le jeune âge (OR=0,34 ; p< 0,001)et le milieu urbain(OR=1,57 ; p= 0,0236) pour l'inactivité physique. Les variables indépendantes associées aux facteurs de risque métaboliques étaient 1) le jeune âge (OR=1,33 ; p= 0,0295) et le milieu urbain (OR=0,31 ; p< 0,001) pour le surpoids, 2) le sexe féminin (OR=2,55 ; p= 0,0010) et le milieu urbain (OR= 0,13; p< 0,001) pour l'obésité et 3) l'âge avancé (OR=2,49 ; p< 0,001 et OR= 2,12 ; p= 0,0115) et le milieu urbain (OR=0,47 ; p< 0,001 et OR= 0,49 ;p= 0,0320) pour l'hypertension artérielle et le diabète. CONCLUSION: Au Burkina Faso, des actions de prévention et de promotion de la santé doivent être accentuées avec une approche multisectorielle pour lutter contre ces facteurs de risque.

Poids épidémiologiques des maladies non transmissibles au Burkina Faso. Enquête nationale steps 2013

But : L'objectif de cette étude était d'analyser l'ampleur des principales maladies non transmissibles leurs facteurs de risque communs au Burkina Faso. Matériels et Méthodes : il s'agissait d'une analyse basée sur des données secondaires de l'enquête par étape (STEPS)au Burkina Faso réalisée en 2013. L'analyse a concerné les facteurs de risques comportementaux et métaboliques. Un modèle de régression multiple a été utilisé pour déterminer les facteurs indépendants associés à ces maladies.Résultats : Les variables indépendantes associées aux facteurs de risque comportementaux étaient 1)le jeune âge (OR=0,4423 ; p< 0,001) et le sexe masculin (OR=0,0030 ; p< 0,001)pour le tabagisme, 2)l'âge avancé (OR= 2,01 ; p= 0,0066 et OR=2,18 ; p< 0,001) et le sexe masculin (OR=2,18 ; p< 0,001) pour la consommation et l'usage nocif d'alcool et 3) le jeune âge (OR=0,34 ; p< 0,001)et le milieu urbain(OR=1,57 ; p= 0,0236) pour l'inactivité physique. Les variables indépendantes associées aux facteurs de risque métaboliques étaient 1) le jeune âge (OR=1,33 ; p= 0,0295) et le milieu urbain (OR=0,31 ; p< 0,001) pour le surpoids, 2) le sexe féminin (OR=2,55 ; p= 0,0010) et le milieu urbain (OR= 0,13; p< 0,001) pour l'obésité et 3) l'âge avancé (OR=2,49 ; p< 0,001 et OR= 2,12 ; p= 0,0115) et le milieu urbain (OR=0,47 ; p< 0,001 et OR= 0,49 ;p= 0,0320) pour l'hypertension artérielle et le diabète. Conclusion : Au Burkina Faso, des actions de prévention et de promotion de la santé doivent être accentuées avec une approche multisectorielle pour lutter contre ces facteurs de risque

Hepatitis B vaccination in Burkina Faso: prevalence of HBsAg carriage and immune response in children in the western region.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem in Burkina Faso. To control and prevent HBV infection, Hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in the national expanded program in 2006. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of HBsAg in children aged under 10 years after one decade of universal hepatitis B vaccination, and the immune response among these children. METHODOLOGY: Between May and October 2015, a cross-sectional study was conducted among children in two primary healthcare centers in the western region of Burkina Faso. Participants were enrolled in Accart-Ville Healthcare Center in Bobo-Dioulasso (urban area) and the Healthcare Center of the village of Djigouera (rural area). Blood samples were collected from all children and analysed for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies (Abs). For HBsAg positive children, blood samples were also taken among their mothers for screening for HBsAg. RESULTS: A total of 265 children were included in this study. The mean age was 4.4 years. HBsAg was found in 3.4% (9/265) of children. Of the 9 HBsAg positive children, 5 had HBsAg positive mothers. From the 265 children tested for quantification of anti-HBs Ab titer, 219 (82.6%) were fully vaccinated and 135 (61.6%) of them had an anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL. CONCLUSION: Despite a good vaccination coverage (82.6%), a considerable proportion of vaccinated children remains unprotected from HBV infection. That emphasizes the need for further strengthening of the vaccination program through implementing the birth dose of HBV vaccine as recommended by WHO.

[Fight against maternal mortality in rural areas: decentralization of emergency obstetric cares in Burkina Faso]. / Lutte contre la mortalité maternelle en milieu rural: décentralisation de l'offre des soins obstétricaux d'urgence au Burkina Faso.

INTRODUCTION: In order to cover the shortage of midwives (MWs) in the health district of Tougan, Burkina Faso, a strategy for the decentralization of emergency obstetric cares, based on ad hoc interventions undertaken by MW to manage obstetric complications in health centers (HCs), has been developed in rural areas. This study aimed to describe this experience and to analyze the achieved results. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical, intervention study based on a review of routine data from all the parturients treated from 2013 to 2015. Data collection took place from 5 to 20 January 2016. Chi-square Test, odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 416 parturients with obstetric complications were treated by zonal MW. The average age of patients was 26.4 years. The median distance travelled to treat parturients was 15 km, with an average intervention period of 21.1 minutes (standard deviation = 7.13 minutes). Dystocias accounted for half (50.7%, CI95%= 45.8-55.6) of treated complications followed by hemorrhage (26.4%, CI95%= 22.3%-31.0%). More than 77% of interventions resulted in local resolution of obstetric complications. Finally, the intervention outcome was subject to the pathology treated (OR=5.88; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This strategy was an answer to the shortage of MWs in the perypheral HCs in the health district of Tougan. In this particular context, this intervention could provide an alternative solution to the shortage of human resources for health in rural areas.