Sealing ability of MTA, CPM, and MBPc as root-end filling materials: a bacterial leakage study.

Objectives To evaluate the sealing ability of three root-end filling materials (white MTA, CPM, and MBPc) using an Enterococcus faecalis leakage model. Material and Methods Seventy single-root extracted human teeth were instrumented and root-ends were resected to prepare 3 mm depth cavities. Root-end preparations were filled with white MTA, CPM, and MBPc cements. Enterococcus faecalis was coronally introduced and the apical portion was immersed in BHI culture medium with phenol red indicator. The bacterial leakage was monitored every 24 h for 4 weeks. The statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon-Gehan test (p<0.05). Results All cements showed bacterial leakage after 24 hours, except for the negative control group. The MBPc showed significantly less bacterial leakage compared with the MTA group (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the CPM and the other groups. Conclusions The epoxy resin-based cement MBPc had lower bacterial leakage compared with the calcium silicate-based cements MTA and CPM.

Sealing ability of MTA, CPM, and MBPc as root-end filling materials: a bacterial leakage study

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the sealing ability of three root-end filling materials (white MTA, CPM, and MBPc) using an Enterococcus faecalis leakage model. Material and Methods Seventy single-root extracted human teeth were instrumented and root-ends were resected to prepare 3 mm depth cavities. Root-end preparations were filled with white MTA, CPM, and MBPc cements. Enterococcus faecalis was coronally introduced and the apical portion was immersed in BHI culture medium with phenol red indicator. The bacterial leakage was monitored every 24 h for 4 weeks. The statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon-Gehan test (p<0.05). Results All cements showed bacterial leakage after 24 hours, except for the negative control group. The MBPc showed significantly less bacterial leakage compared with the MTA group (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the CPM and the other groups. Conclusions The epoxy resin-based cement MBPc had lower bacterial leakage compared with the calcium silicate-based cements MTA and CPM.

Anatomia radiográfica do canal mandibular e suas variações em radiografias panorâmicas / Radiographic anatomy of the mandibular canal and its variations in panoramic radiographs

Neste estudo avaliamos a prevalência das diferentes variações anatômicas do canal mandibular e a visualização do forame mentual em radiografias panorâmicas, utilizando a classificação proposta por Nortjé. Em relação aos canais bífidos, utilizamos a classificação proposta por Langlais. A amostra foi composta por 915 radiografias, sendo 583 de mulheres e 332 de homens, brancos e negros. Para a descrição das proporções foi utilizado Intervalo de Confiança a 95 por cento. Para comparação das proporções entre grupos foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5 por cento (p < 0,05). As diferenças morfológicas do canal mandibular não foram influenciadas pelo sexo e nem pela etnia, na amostra estudada; quando comparamos a amostra estudada com amostras obtidas por outros autores, houve diferença. Em relação à altura do canal mandibular, a maior ocorrência foi do Tipo 2 em mulheres e do Tipo 4 em homens; a menor ocorrência foi pra o Tipo 3 em ambos os sexos; para os canais que apresentaram bifurcação o Tipo 0 foi mais prevalente em ambos os sexos. A curva mesial do canal mandibular estava presente na maioria das radiografias interpretadas, porém essa diferença não é estatisticamente significante; o forame mentual não pode ser visualizado em 0,4 por cento das radiografias, todas de homens.

In this study, the prevalence of the different anatomical variations of the mandibular canal and the view of the mental foramen in panoramic radiographs, using the classification proposed by Nortjé was evaluated. Regarding channels bifid, we use the classification proposed by Langlais. The sample comprised 915 radiographs, 583 were women and 332 men, whites and blacks. For the description of proportions was used Confidence Interval 95 percent. For comparison of proportions between groups was used the chi-square, with the level of significance of 5 percent (p < 0.05). The morphological differences of the mandibular canal were not influenced by gender or by ethnicity, the sample studied, when comparing the sample with samples obtained by other authors, there were differences, relative to the height of the mandibular canal, the most prevalent was the Type II in women and Type IV in males and the lowest prevalence was for Type III in both sexes, for the channels that showed the bifurcation Type 0 was more prevalent in both sexes; curve mesial of the mandibular canal was present in most interpreted the radiographs, but this difference was not statistically significant, the mental foramen can not be viewed in 0.4 percent of the radiographs, all men.

Influence of preflaring on the accuracy of length determination with four electronic apex locators.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of preflaring on the accuracy of 4 electronic apex locators (EALs): Root ZX, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator, Mini Apex Locator, and Apex DSP. METHODS: Forty extracted teeth were preflared by using S1 and SX ProTaper instruments. The working length was established by reducing 1mm from the total length (TL). The ability of the EALs to detect precise (-1mm from TL) and acceptable (-1+/-0.5 mm from TL) measurements in unflared and preflared canals was determined. RESULTS: The precise and acceptable (P/A) readings in unflared canals for Root ZX, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator, Mini Apex, and Apex DSP were 50%/97.5%, 47.5%/95%, 50%/97.5%, and 45%/ 67.5%, respectively. For preflared canals, the readings were 75%/97.5%, 55%/95%, 75%/97.5%, and 60%/87.5%, respectively. For precise criteria, the preflared procedure increased the percentage of accurate electronic readings for the Root ZX and the Mini Apex Locator (P < .05). For acceptable criteria, no differences were found among Root ZX, Elements Diagnostic Unit and Apex Locator, and Mini Apex Locator (P > .05). Fisher test indicated the lower accuracy for Apex DSP (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The Root ZX and the Mini Apex Locator devices increased significantly the precision to determine the real working length after the preflaring procedure. All the EALs showed an acceptable determination of the working length between the ranges of+/-0.5mm except for the Apex DSP device, which had the lowest accuracy.

Avaliação comparativa in vitro da capacidade seladora do cimento MBPc, CPM, MTA Angelus® branco e pasta Lysanda® à infiltração bacteriana em obturações retrógradas / In vitro comparative evaluation of MBPc, CPM, White Angelus MTA cements and Lysanda paste®'s sealing ability to bacterial infiltration in retrograde fillings

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a capacidade seladora de alguns materiais odontológicos em retrobturações e para tanto, utilizou-se o MTA Ângelus® Branco, MBPc, CPM® e Pasta Lysanda®, através da análise da infiltração do Enterococcus faecalis. Noventa dentes humanos unirradiculares extraídos e instrumentados, tiveram seu ápice radicular cortado num plano perpendicular ao longo eixo onde foram preparadas cavidades retrógradas com 3mm de profundidade, para selamento com os materiais em teste já relacionados. Culturas específicas de Enterococcus faecalis foram preparadas e inoculadas nos condutos radiculares dos dentes previamente fixados em aparatos especiais que tinham do lado oposto um meio de cultura estéril e específico para a bactéria em questão, separados apenas pelas retrobturações dos grupos de materiais em teste. Diariamente, o meio estéril era checado para constatar sua possível turvação; caso ocorresse demonstrava a passagem bacteriana pela retrobturação. Os quatro grupos experimentais apresentaram ao menos um espécime com infiltração bacteriana logo nas primeiras 24 horas do teste, entretanto, o número de espécimes que apresentavam turvação foi diminuindo numericamente no decorrer do período experimental, que foi de 120 dias. Os cimentos MTA Ângelus® Branco, MBPc e CPM® mostraram capacidade seladora eficaz e também comportamento semelhante entre si, pois a turvação das poucas amostras ocorreu logo nos três primeiros dias. A pasta Lysanda® apresentou o maior número de amostras infiltradas (18), em maior período de tempo.

The objective of this study was to in vitro evaluate the sealing ability of some dental retrofilling material and for that, we used the White MTA Angelus®, MBPc, CPM® cements and Lysande® paste, by examining Enterococcus faecalis infiltration. Ninety human extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented, had their apex cut perpendicular to the long axis where the retrograde cavities were prepared with 3 mm deep, sealed with the retrofilling materials used on the study. Specific cultures of Enterococcus faecalis were prepared and inoculated into the teeths root canals previously fixed in special apparatuses that had in their opposite side a sterile type of culture specific for the bacteria in question, separated only by the retrofilling materials under test. Daily, the sterile culture was checked to verify their possible turbidity; and when there was, it demonstrated the bacterials passage by the retrofilling material. All experimental groups showed at least one specimen with bacterial infiltration in the very first 24 hour testing, however, the number of specimens that showed turbidity had decreased numerically during the trial period of 120 days. White Angelus MTA®, CPM® and MBPC cements showed effective sealing capacity and also similar behavior among themselves, because the turbidity of the few samples occurred just in the first three days. Lysanda® paste presented the greatest number of samples infiltrated (18), in a greater period of time.