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1.
Rev. bras. saúde prod. anim ; 23: e202000162022, 2022. tab
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1376812

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of a growth-promoting antibiotic by fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oils in the quail diet on performance variables (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion), as well as the carcass and cut yield. To do so, 240 one-day-old male and female European quails were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, five replications and 12 animals per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of: PC ­ positive control diet without fennel or citronella essential oils and with the growth promoter (zinc bacitracin); NC ­ negative control diet without essential oils and without growth promoter; CEO - Diet with +0.078% citronella essential oil without the growth promoter; and FEO - Diet with +0.078% fennel essential oil without the growth promoter. The experiment lasted 42 days, in which the performance variables were analyzed in three periods (1-14 days; 14-21 days; and 22-42 days) and the carcass and cut yield in two periods (at 21 and 42 days). The observed data were submitted to analysis of variance and the comparison of means was performed using the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The presence of essential oils positively influenced (P<0.05) the performance variables and the carcass and cuts yield in all analyzed periods. The use of fennel and citronella essential oils to replace zinc bacitracin in the diet of European quails improves performance and the carcass and cut yield.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar a substituição de um antibiótico promotor de crescimento por óleos essenciais de erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare) e citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) na dieta de codornas sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes. Para isso, foram utilizadas 240 codornas europeias machos e fêmeas de um dia de idade distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e 12 animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em: CP- Dieta sem os óleos essenciais de erva-doce ou citronela e com o promotor de crescimento (bacitracina de zinco); CN- Dieta sem os óleos essenciais e sem o promotor de crescimento; OC- Dieta com + 0,078% de óleo essencial de citronela sem o promotor de crescimento; OED- Dieta com + 0,078% de óleo essencial de erva-doce sem o promotor de crescimento. O experimento teve duração de 42 dias, no qual as variáveis de desempenho foram analisadas em três períodos (1-14 dias; 14-21 dias e 22-42 dias) e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes em dois períodos (aos 21 e 42 dias). Os dados observados foram submetidos à análise de variância e a comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. A presença dos óleos essenciais influenciou positivamente (P<0,05) as variáveis de desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes em todos os períodos analisados. A utilização de óleos essenciais de erva-doce e citronela em substituição a bacitracina de zinco na dieta de codornas europeias melhora o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça e cortes.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Oils, Volatile/adverse effects , Coturnix/physiology , Drug Substitution/veterinary , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage , Foeniculum/chemistry , Cymbopogon/chemistry , Growth/physiology , Meat/analysis
2.
J Sci Food Agric ; 99(3): 1078-1087, 2019 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30022472

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The high ureolytic activity of rumen microbiota is a concern when urea is used in ruminant feed, because it leads to fast urea conversion, resulting in possible intoxication and lower nitrogen utilization. This study intended to microencapsulate urea using carnauba wax to obtain slow-release systems in the rumen. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial, with the urea encapsulated with carnauba wax in ratios of 1 : 2; 1 : 3, and 1 : 4 (UME 2; UME 3, and UME 4) and two particles sizes (small, PS ; and large, PL ). RESULTS: All formulations showed excellent properties, including inhibition of urea hygroscopicity. The formulation UME 2 exhibited the greatest yield (91.6%) and microencapsulation efficiency (99.6%) values, whereas the formulation UME 4 presented the greatest thermal stability (259.5 °C) and lowest moisture content (1.81%). The UME 2 formulation presented a slower release than the other UME formulations studied. CONCLUSION: The production of urea microspheres using carnauba wax was successful for all microencapsulated systems developed, evidencing the promising potential for use in ruminant animal diets. The UME 2 formulation with large particles is the most recommended because it permitted greater resistance to microbial attack, allowing a slower release of urea into the rumen, reducing the risk of intoxication or ruminal alkalosis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.


Subject(s)
Drug Compounding/veterinary , Urea/administration & dosage , Waxes/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Drug Compounding/methods , Male , Rumen/drug effects , Rumen/metabolism , Sheep, Domestic , Urea/chemistry , Urea/pharmacokinetics
3.
J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorol. ; 4(3): 76-83, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-13021

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein on the respiratory rate and the rectal and surface temperatures of 360 European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) raised on the Brazilian semiarid. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 3 per 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three protein levels (20, 21 and 22%) and two energy levels (3050 and 3150 kcal/kg). We measured the physiological parameters of the quail at 42 days of age. The average rectal temperature noted in this experiment was 41.8C, which was within the normal range. A significant effect (P 0.05) was verified at the levels of 21 and 22% of crude protein and 3150 kcal/kg. We found that the animals presented the highest respiratory rate in this setting, which is evidence that the panting mechanism results in maintaining thermal homeostasis. The surface temperature of the animals was lower for the 3050 kcal/kg diets. Levels of 21 and 22% of crude protein and 3150 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy were associated with the largest weight gain and the best feed conversion.(AU)


Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável e proteína bruta sobre a temperatura retal, temperatura superficial e frequência respiratória de 360 codornas europeias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) de 22 a 42 dias de idade criadas no semiárido. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 3x2, sendo três níveis de proteína (20, 21 e 22 % PB) e dois níveis de energia (3050 e 3150 kcal EM/kg), com cinco repetições. A aferição dos parâmetros fisiológicos foi realizada aos 42 dias de idade das aves nos turnos manhã e tarde. A temperatura do ar (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (UR) observadas no turno da manhã foram de 30,8 ºC e 53,2 %, respectivamente. No turno da tarde, de 29,6 ºC e 58,2 %. A média da temperatura retal (TR) encontrada neste trabalho foi de 41,8 ºC dentro do limite de normalidade. Aos níveis de 21 e 22% PB e 3150 kcal EM/kg, verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) onde os animais apresentaram maior FR, supondo-se que a utilização do mecanismo da ofegação resultou na manutenção da homeotermia. A temperatura superficial (TS) apresentou-se menor nas dietas que continham 3050 Kcal EM/kg. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) no consumo de ração entre as dietas. Os níveis de 21% e 22% de PB e 3150 EM kcal/kg apresentaram maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar. Recomenda-se os níveis 21% PB e 3150 EM kcal/kg na dieta de codornas europeias de 22 a 42 dias de idade, para obterem-se melhores resultados de desempenho.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Heat Stress Disorders , Body Temperature , Diet , Energy-Generating Resources
4.
J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorol ; 4(3): 76-83, 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484202

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein on the respiratory rate and the rectal and surface temperatures of 360 European quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) raised on the Brazilian semiarid. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with a 3 per 2 factorial arrangement consisting of three protein levels (20, 21 and 22%) and two energy levels (3050 and 3150 kcal/kg). We measured the physiological parameters of the quail at 42 days of age. The average rectal temperature noted in this experiment was 41.8C, which was within the normal range. A significant effect (P 0.05) was verified at the levels of 21 and 22% of crude protein and 3150 kcal/kg. We found that the animals presented the highest respiratory rate in this setting, which is evidence that the panting mechanism results in maintaining thermal homeostasis. The surface temperature of the animals was lower for the 3050 kcal/kg diets. Levels of 21 and 22% of crude protein and 3150 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy were associated with the largest weight gain and the best feed conversion.


Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de energia metabolizável e proteína bruta sobre a temperatura retal, temperatura superficial e frequência respiratória de 360 codornas europeias (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) de 22 a 42 dias de idade criadas no semiárido. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial 3x2, sendo três níveis de proteína (20, 21 e 22 % PB) e dois níveis de energia (3050 e 3150 kcal EM/kg), com cinco repetições. A aferição dos parâmetros fisiológicos foi realizada aos 42 dias de idade das aves nos turnos manhã e tarde. A temperatura do ar (TA) e umidade relativa do ar (UR) observadas no turno da manhã foram de 30,8 ºC e 53,2 %, respectivamente. No turno da tarde, de 29,6 ºC e 58,2 %. A média da temperatura retal (TR) encontrada neste trabalho foi de 41,8 ºC dentro do limite de normalidade. Aos níveis de 21 e 22% PB e 3150 kcal EM/kg, verificou-se efeito significativo (P0,05) no consumo de ração entre as dietas. Os níveis de 21% e 22% de PB e 3150 EM kcal/kg apresentaram maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar. Recomenda-se os níveis 21% PB e 3150 EM kcal/kg na dieta de codornas europeias de 22 a 42 dias de idade, para obterem-se melhores resultados de desempenho.


Subject(s)
Animals , Body Temperature , Heat Stress Disorders , Diet , Energy-Generating Resources
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