PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone attenuates the inflammation caused by carrageenan in the mouse model of pleurisy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of rosiglitazone (ROSI) in a pleurisy model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Efficacy was monitored in the mouse pleural cavity by evaluating leukocyte migration, exudate concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities concomitantly with nitrate/nitrite (NOx), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), and vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha (VEGF-α) levels 4 and 48 h after pleurisy induction. In both phases (4 and 48 h) of pleurisy, ROSI inhibited all the inflammation parameters that were tested (p<0.05). These results provide evidence that ROSI was efficacious in inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators. These anti-inflammatory effects are assumed to mainly result from the inhibition of products released from activated leukocytes, such as MPO, ADA, NOx, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-17A, and VEGF-α.

[Painful syndromes in diabetic patients due to skeletal muscle injuries]. / Síndromes dolorosas em diabéticos por comprometimento de musculatura esquelética.

Progressive painful syndromes due to skeletal muscle injuries rather than diabetic neuropathy are unusual complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Two clinical cases are presented: Case 1 (pyomyositis: leg location) and Case 2 (muscle infarction: thigh location). Discussion on how to proceed the diagnosis based on clinical features are included as it is critical for early and proper treatment since approaches highly differ in the two situations. These complications can mimic thrombophlebitis, rhabdomyolyses or a neoplasm, therefore the diagnosis of a diabetes-related disorder may be overlooked. If pyomyositis is not correctly treated with antibiotics and in some cases with surgery, systemic infection and even death may occur, whereas muscle infarction only requires rest and analgesia. Image and laboratory investigations can be of help to differentiate these syndromes, although some findings can overlap. Thus, the present report emphasizes the importance to include these diseases when limb painful syndromes are to be investigated in a diabetic patient.

Síndromes dolorosas em diabéticos por comprometimento de musculatura esquelética / Painful syndromes in diabetic patients due to skeletal muscle injuries / Painful syndromes in diabetic patients due to skeletal muscle injuries

Em diabéticos, síndromes dolorosas devidas o comprometimento do músculo esquelético sem neuropatia são complicações raras. Neste relato são apresentados dois casos: Caso 1 (piomiosite em panturrilhas) e Caso 2 (infarto muscular em coxa), sendo comentadas as características clínicas e os procedimentos diagnósticos. É necessário um alto índice de suspeita, uma vez que o tratamento de ambas difere significativamente. Além disso, o diagnóstico pode ser inicialmente confundido com tromboflebite, rabdomiólise ou neoplasia, retardando o tratamento correto. O atraso no tratamento da piomiosite com antibiótico e em alguns casos com cirurgia, pode evoluir para infecção sistêmica e até óbito, enquanto o infarto muscular requer apenas repouso e analgesia. Exames de imagem e de laboratório são úteis no diagnóstico diferencial, porém pode haver superposição dos achados. É enfatizada a importância de incluir estas doenças no diagnóstico diferencial de síndromes dolorosas do membro inferior em diabéticos.

Progressive painful syndromes due to skeletal muscle injuries rather than diabetic neuropathy are unusual complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Two clinical cases are presented: Case 1 (pyomyositis: leg location) and Case 2 (muscle infarction: thigh location). Discussion on how to proceed the diagnosis based on clinical features are included as it is critical for early and proper treatment since approaches highly differ in the two situations. These complications can mimic thrombophlebitis, rabdomyolises or a neoplasm, therefore the diagnosis of a diabetes-related disorder may be overlooked. If pyomyositis is not correctly treated with antibiotics and in some cases with surgery, systemic infection and even death may occur, whereas muscle infarction only requires rest and analgesia. Image and laboratorial investigations can be of help to differentiate these syndromes, although some findings can overlap. Thus, the present report emphasizes the importance to include these diseases when limb painful syndromes are to be investigated in a diabetic patient.

Analysis of the temporal events in blood and tissues following fecal peritonitis in mice.

BACKGROUND: The kinetics of systemic responses triggered by bacterial peritonitis were analysed in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and several organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The murine model of cecal ligation and puncture was employed. The parameters were analysed at different periods of time (4 to 72 h). RESULTS: Fecal peritonitis triggered a progressive, but not significant, decline of blood leukocytes between 4 and 6 h, becoming significant at 24 to 48 h (p<0.05). This profile was closely associated with the enhancement of leukocytes both in the abdomen (p<0.05) and in the BAL (p<0.05). A significant abdominal exudation was detected between 4 and 72 h (p<0.01), whereas maximal growth of aerobic bacteria in the blood and lungs was observed 24 and 72 h after. Maximal exudation in the studied tissues occurred at different time points (heart=24 h, spleen and kidney=48 h, liver and lung= 72 h). CONCLUSION: Using this model, evidence of sepsis can be easily measured in different body systems.