Digital Pandemic Stress in Higher Education in Venezuela.

The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the process of integrating digital technologies in higher education and caused digital stress among professors, mainly in countries with a lower level of digitalization. In this work, quantitative research was carried out on the stress of professors in Venezuela due to the digitalization of their teaching activities caused by the pandemic, and gender gaps were identified in this regard. This digital stress was compared with that of professors in other countries with a low level of digitalization. For this purpose, a questionnaire designed by the authors was used. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 129 Venezuelan professors and 132 professors from countries with low digitalization levels. As a result, it was found that Venezuelan professors have lower digital competence and lower digital stress than their colleagues in weakly digitized countries, and that digital stress decreases as digital competence increases. Moreover, among Venezuelan professors, there was a strong gender gap in digital stress, which was higher among females in all subject areas, except for Health Sciences. This gender gap is specific to Venezuela since it differs from that in countries with low digital levels. According to the results, we urgently recommend investing resources in the digital training of faculty members, especially in regards to the integration of female professors.

Automedicación en gestantes que acuden al Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Perú 2011 / Self-medication behavior among pregnant women user of the instituto nacional materno perinatal, Peru 2011

Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de automedicación en gestantes y sus características, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se entrevistó a 400 gestantes que acudían a control prenatal en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima. El 10,5 por ciento (42 pacientes) se automedicó durante la gestación, el 64,6 por ciento opinó que la automedicación puede producir malformaciones congénitas a sus bebes. Los medicamentos consumidos por las gestantes estuvieron en categoría A y B de la clasificación de la Administración de Alimentos y Drogas de EUA (FDA); principalmente, consumieronparacetamol (47,6 por ciento) y amoxicilina (16,7 por ciento). Todas las mujeres que se automedicaron durante la gestación lo habían hecho antes de estar embarazadas. De acuerdo con estos resultados concluimos que la prevalencia de automedicación en gestantes del estudio es baja, comparado con la literatura internacional..

We aim to determine the prevalence of self prescribing behaviour during pregnancy and its characteristics. For this purpose, we designed a cross sectional study and interviewed 400 pregnant women who had their prenatal care at Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima. We found that 10.5% of the patients (42 patients) had a self prescribing behavior during pregnancy, 64.5% think that self prescribing behavior can produce congenital malformations. The medications used were classified as type A and B according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Paracetamol was used more frequently (47.6%) followed by amoxicillin (16.7%). All the women who self-prescribed have had this behavior before pregnancy. According to these results, we conclude there is a low prevalence of self-prescribing behavior during pregnancy compared to the international literature.

Alternative technique for tip support in secondary rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Re-establishing nasal tip projection is one of the main objectives in secondary rhinoplasty. The columellar strut is used as a basic element for support and the septal cartilage graft as the first choice for reconstruction. Nevertheless, the septal cartilage is often missing in this category of patient because of previous surgery, obliging the surgeon to seek a safe, effective, and versatile alternative. OBJECTIVE: We describe a simple procedure to increase the strength of an autologous ear graft cartilage to be used as a columellar strut in patients having secondary rhinoplasty. METHODS: We removed a 3.5 x 1.5-cm auricular concha graft through a postauricular approach, leaving the perichondrium on the posterior surface and trimming it on the helical crus. Later, we made a cylinder-shaped structure to be used as a columellar strut graft in patients in whom the septum was absent. We used the open rhinoplasty technique, applying the basic principles of secondary rhinoplasty, in all of the patients. RESULTS: Between February 2002 and June 2006, we used this technique in 13 patients ranging in age from 19 to 52 years who required revision rhinoplasty. The clinical follow-up period ranged from 4 to 48 months. Five of the patients experienced minor complications; nevertheless, all were satisfied with the postoperative results. CONCLUSION: The auricular cartilage struts constructed using this method were strong enough to enhance tip support and projection, with satisfactory results assessed by both the patients and our team.