ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The association between viral infections and pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis (cwCF) is well established. However, the question of whether cwCF are at a higher risk of COVID-19 or its adverse consequences remains controversial. METHODS: We conducted an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study of cwCF infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) between March 2020 and June 2022, (first to sixth COVID-19 pandemic waves) in Spain. The study aimed to describe patients' basal characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 clinical manifestations and outcomes, and whether there were differences across the pandemic waves. RESULTS: During study time, 351 SARS-CoV2 infections were reported among 341 cwCF. Median age was 8.5 years (range 0-17) and 51% were female. Cases were unevenly distributed across the pandemic, with most cases (82%) clustered between November 2021 and June 2022 (sixth wave, also known as Omicron Wave due to the higher prevalence of this strain in that period in Spain). Most cwCF were asymptomatic (24.8%) or presented with mild Covid-19 symptoms (72.9%). Among symptomatic, most prevalent symptoms were fever (62%) and increased cough (53%). Infection occurring along the sixth wave was the only independent risk factor for being symptomatic. Just eight cwCF needed hospital admission. No multisystem inflammatory syndrome, persisting symptoms, long-term sequelae, or deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish current data indicate that cwCF do not experience higher risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor worse health outcomes or sequelae. Changes in patients' basal characteristics, clinical courses, and outcomes were detected across waves. While the pandemic continues, a worldwide monitoring of COVID-19 in pediatric CF patients is needed.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cystic Fibrosis , Humans , Child , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Male , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Pandemics , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology , RNA, ViralABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Breastfeeding women are generally excluded from clinical trials with new vaccines. The objective of the study was to explore whether the BNT162b2 mRNA and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines are safe for breastfeeding mothers and their breastfed infants. Methods: A convenience sample prospective cohort single institution study was performed on breastfeeding health care professionals, who were exposed to second dose of SARS-CoV2 vaccine at the beginning of the study period. They and their breastfed children's symptoms were followed up through online questionnaires for 14 days. Results: Of the 95 finally included participants, only 1 was lost to follow-up on day 7. Mean age of the mothers was 35.9 ± 3.9 years and that of their infants was 14.6 ± 12.1 months. At least one adverse event was reported by 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 76-91.5%) of the mothers. The most frequent was injection site pain in 81% of cases. Moreover, 31% (95% CI: 22-41%) observed some event in their breastfed children. Most frequently, 19% (95% CI: 13-30%) of the children were irritable. During the 14 days of follow-up, 36% of the children (95% CI: 27-46%) were diagnosed with respiratory infection. Conclusions: Most mothers' reactions were mild and transitory, generally limited to the first 3 days after vaccination. Many children's events were associated with concomitant infectious processes and we did not detect a notable peak on any particular day of follow-up. Neither mothers nor their infants developed serious adverse events nor were they diagnosed with COVID-19 within the study period.
Subject(s)
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 , BNT162 Vaccine , COVID-19 , 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273/adverse effects , Adult , BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects , Breast Feeding , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Infant , Mothers , Prospective Studies , Vaccination/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Long-term respiratory consequences of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants born in the post-surfactant era ("new" BPD) remain partially unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the respiratory outcomes of "new" BPD in adolescents who were born preterm. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 286 adolescents born between 2003 and 2005 (mean age: 14.2 years); among them, 184 and 102 were born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestation) and moderate-late preterm (32 to <37 weeks' gestation), respectively. Among EP adolescents, 92 had BPD, and 92 did not. All participants underwent lung function tests, skin prick testing, and questionnaires on asthma symptoms and quality of life. RESULTS: EP adolescents with BPD had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1 /FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC than other included adolescents. FEV1 /FVC ratios were below the lower limit of normal (z-score <-1.645) in 30.4% of EP adolescents with BPD, 13.0% of EP adolescents without BPD, and 11.8% of adolescents who were born moderate-late preterm. Bronchodilator response and air-trapping were significantly higher in BPD adolescents than in other adolescents. Diffusion capacity was significantly lower in EP adolescents than in moderate-late preterm adolescents. Asthma symptoms and quality-of-life scores were similar among groups. CONCLUSION: EP adolescents with "new" BPD had poorer pulmonary function than EP adolescents without BPD or moderate-late preterm adolescents. Further studies are needed to determine whether "new" BPD is associated with early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adulthood.
Subject(s)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia , Adolescent , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Infant, Premature , Pregnancy , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Liver Diseases/genetics , Pulmonary Emphysema/genetics , Genetic Markers , Retrospective Studies , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In optics, when interferograms or digital holograms are recorded and their phase is recovered, it is common to obtain a wrapped phase with some errors, noise and artifacts such as singularities due to the non linearities of the demodulation process. This paper shows how to reconstruct the frequency field of the wrapped phase by using adaptive Gabor filters. Gabor filters are Gaussian quadrature filters tuned in at a certain frequency. We adapt these Gabor filters by tuning them locally and estimating the frequency using wrapped finite differences of the estimated phase. Doing this process iteratively, the frequency estimation is refined and smoothed. The unwrapped phase is easily recovered by integrating the recovered frequency field using, for example, a simple line raster integration. We don't have problems with phase inconsistencies or residues while integrating the phase, because these are removed. The obtained unwrapped phase is clean, consistent and practically error-free. We show estimation errors with simulated data and the performance of the proposed method using real-world recorded wavefronts.
Subject(s)
Genotype , Phenotype , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spain , alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency/diagnosisABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Infant, Newborn , Renal Insufficiency/etiology , Methylmalonic Acid , Homocystinuria/physiopathology , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Optical interferometers are very sensitive when environment perturbations affect its optical path. The wavefront under test is not static at all. In this paper, it is proposed a novel and robust phase-shifting demodulation method. This method estimates the interferogram's phase-shifting locally, reducing detuning errors due to environment perturbations like vibrations and/or miscalibrations of the Phase-Shifting Interferometry setup. As we know, phase-shifting demodulation methods assume that the wavefront under test is static and there is a global phase-shifting for all pixels. The demodulation method presented here is based on local weighted least-squares, letting each pixel have its own phase-shifting. This is a different and better approach, considering that all previous works assume a global phase-shifting for all pixels of interferograms. Seeing this method like a black box, it receives an interferogram sequence of at least 3 interferograms and returns the modulating phase or wavefront under test. Here it is not necessary to know the phase shifts between the interferograms. It does not assume a global phase-shifting for the interferograms, is robust to the movements of the wavefront under test and tolerates miscalibrations of the optical setup.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio a 130 alumnos de 3er., 4to. y 5to. años de la carrera de Estomatología, curso 1988 a 1989, a fin de determinar la prevalencia de los terceros molares retenidos. Para este estudio se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 1 cada 2 alumnos. La prevalencia de los terceros molares retenidos en los 130 alumnos encuestados fue mayor al 50%. En este estudio estadístico se comprobó que los terceros molares mandibulares fueron los de mayor incidencia de retención, el sexo femenino fue el más afectado y la posición mesio angular fue la que más predominó. Se ofrecen también otros datos de interés
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Molar, Third , Students, Dental , Tooth, Impacted/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio a 130 alumnos de 3er., 4to. y 5to. años de la carrera de Estomatología, curso 1988 a 1989, a fin de determinar la prevalencia de los terceros molares retenidos. Para este estudio se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 1 cada 2 alumnos. La prevalencia de los terceros molares retenidos en los 130 alumnos encuestados fue mayor al 50
. En este estudio estadístico se comprobó que los terceros molares mandibulares fueron los de mayor incidencia de retención, el sexo femenino fue el más afectado y la posición mesio angular fue la que más predominó. Se ofrecen también otros datos de interés
