ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Circulating amino acids are modified by sex, body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance (IR). However, whether the presence of genetic variants in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic enzymes modifies circulating amino acids is still unknown. Thus, we determined the frequency of two genetic variants, one in the branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) gene (rs11548193), and one in the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) gene (rs45500792), and elucidated their impact on circulating amino acid levels together with clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a cross-sectional comparative study in which we recruited 1612 young adults (749 women and 863 men) aged 19.7 ± 2.1 years and with a BMI of 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Participants underwent clinical evaluation and provided blood samples for DNA extraction and biochemical analysis. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined by allelic discrimination using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of the less common alleles were 15.2 % for BCAT2 and 9.83 % for BCKDH. The subjects with either the BCAT2 or BCKDH SNPs displayed no differences in the evaluated parameters compared with subjects homozygotes for the most common allele at each SNP. However, subjects with both SNPs had higher body weight, BMI, blood pressure, glucose, and circulating levels of aspartate, isoleucine, methionine, and proline than the subjects homozygotes for the most common allele (P < 0.05, One-way ANOVA). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the joint presence of both the BCAT2 rs11548193 and BCKDH rs45500792 SNPs induces metabolic alterations that are not observed in subjects without either SNP.
Subject(s)
3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/genetics , Amino Acids/blood , Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Pregnancy Proteins/genetics , Transaminases/genetics , 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/metabolism , Adolescent , Age Factors , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Association Studies , Homozygote , Humans , Male , Mexico , Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism , Phenotype , Pregnancy Proteins/metabolism , Transaminases/metabolism , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the experience, prevalence and severity of dental caries as well as to establish the treatment needs and restorative care in adolescents and young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 638 subjects 16-25 years old candidates to enter to state public university of San Luis Potosí, México. For caries detection was used the DMFT index (sum of decayed teeth + missing teeth + filled teeth in the permanent dentition). With DMFT index data were calculated the experience, the prevalence and the severity of caries. Also are reported the significant caries index (SiC), the treatment needs index (TNI) and the care index (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: The mean DMFT index was 4.24 ± 3.85, prevalence 76.5% and severity of 52.3% for DMFT > 3 and 26.2% for DMFT > 6. The SiC index was 8.7. The TNI was 43.0% and 52.8% CI. No variation was observed (p > 0.05) on the experience, prevalence and severity of caries by age. The component "filled teeth" showed differences by age (p < 0.05). Women had higher caries experience and severity than men (p < 0.05), equally "decay teeth" and "filled teeth" (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We observed high levels of experience, prevalence and severity of dental caries in this sample of adolescents and young adults. We found almost 40% of untreated caries lesions. We found some differences by sex.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , DMF Index , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Determining dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity in students applying for degree courses at San Luis Potosi University (UASLP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents and young adults (16 to 25 years old) applying for undergraduate courses at UASLP (approximately 10 %, n=1 027). Two standardized examiners undertook dental examinations; DMFT index, prevalence (DMFT>0), severity (DMFT>3 and DMFT>6) and significant caries index (SiC) were calculated. STATA 9.0 non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 18.20+/-1.65; 48.0% were female. The DMFT index was 4.04+/-3.90 and caries prevalence was 74.4%. Regarding caries' severity, 48.8% had MDFT>3 and 24% DMFT>6. The SiC index was 8.64. Females had higher caries experience than males (4.32+/-4.01 cf 3.78+/-3.78; p<0.05), but similar prevalence and severity (p>0.05). Age was associated with both experience (p<0.001) and prevalence (p<0.01) and to differing degrees of caries' severity (p<0,001). The "filled teeth" component had the highest DMFT index percentage (63.6%) and "missing teeth" the lowest (11.4%). CONCLUSIONS: High dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity were observed in this sample of adolescents and young adults. Restorative experience was high (59.5%) compared to studies carried out in other parts of Mexico and Latin-America.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective Determining dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity in students applying for degree courses at San Luis Potosi University (UASLP). Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents and young adults (16 to 25 years old) applying for undergraduate courses at UASLP (~10 percent, n=1 027). Two standardized examiners undertook dental examinations; DMFT index, prevalence (DMFT>0), severity (DMFT>3 and DMFT>6) and significant caries index (SiC) were calculated. STATA 9.0 non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Mean age was 18.20±1.65; 48.0 percent were female. The DMFT index was 4.04±3.90 and caries prevalence was 74.4 percent. Regarding caries' severity, 48.8 percent had MDFT>3 and 24 percent DMFT>6. The SiC index was 8.64. Females had higher caries experience than males (4.32±4.01 cf 3.78±3.78; p<0.05), but similar prevalence and severity (p>0.05). Age was associated with both experience (p<0.001) and prevalence (p<0.01) and to differing degrees of caries' severity (p<0,001). The ®filled teeth¼ component had the highest DMFT index percentage (63.6 percent) and ®missing teeth¼ the lowest (11.4 percent). Conclusions High dental caries' experience, prevalence and severity were observed in this sample of adolescents and young adults. Restorative experience was high (59.5 percent) compared to studies carried out in other parts of Mexico and Latin-America.
Objetivo Determinar la experiencia, prevalencia y severidad de caries en aspirantes a las licenciaturas de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP). Material y Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en el 2007 en una muestra de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de 16 a 25 años de edad aspirantes a las licenciaturas de la UASLP (~10 por ciento, n=1 027). El examen clínico lo realizaron dentistas. Se calcularon los índices de caries para dentición permanente y se determinó la experiencia (índice global CPOD), la prevalencia (CPOD>0) y la severidad (CPOD>3 y CPOD>6) de caries dental, además, del índice de caries significativa (SiC). Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron con X2, Mann-Whitney, y pruebas de tendencia no paramétrica en STATA 9.0. Resultados La edad promedio fue 18,20±1,65 años. El 48,0 por ciento fueron mujeres. El índice CPOD fue 4,04±3,90 y la prevalencia de caries de 74,4 por ciento. En cuanto a la severidad, 48,8 por ciento tuvieron CPOD >3 y 24,0 por ciento CPOD >6. El índice SiC fue de 8,64. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor experiencia de caries que los hombres (4,32±4,01 vs 3,78±3,78; p<0,05); pero similar prevalencia y severidad (p>0,05). La edad se asoció tanto a la experiencia (p<0,001), como a la prevalencia (p<0,01) y a los diferentes grados de severidad de caries (p<0,001). El mayor porcentaje (63,6 por ciento) del índice CPOD fue del componente ®dientes obturados¼ y el menor (11,4 por ciento) del componente "dientes perdidos". Conclusiones Se observó una alta experiencia, prevalencia y severidad de caries en esta muestra de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Por otro lado, la experiencia restauradora fue alta (59,5 por ciento) en comparación con estudios realizados en otros lugares de México y Latinoamérica.
