ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study sought to determine the safety of single agent capecitabine, a pro-drug of 5FU, in patients with metastatic non-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). METHODS: Multicentre phase II, first-line study design. Oral capecitabine was administered on days 1-14 of 3-week cycles. RESULTS: Treatment was safe and well tolerated. Common toxicities were diarrhoea and fatigue. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence to support the use of capecitabine as a substitute for infusional 5FU in the management of NETs.
Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives , Fluorouracil/analogs & derivatives , Neuroendocrine Tumors/drug therapy , Aged , Capecitabine , Deoxycytidine/adverse effects , Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use , Female , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapyABSTRACT
The purpose of this single-subject pilot study was to examine the efficacy of FM amplification for enhancing the discourse skills of a 4-year-old girl with a history of speech-language impairments, otitis media with effusion (OME), and motoric delays. Over a period of several weeks, language treatment sessions were conducted with and without FM amplification, in a classroom setting. Sessions were videotaped and analyzed for the appropriateness and effectiveness of the subject's conversational turns during sessions with amplification and with no amplification. Although the number of sessions was small, more appropriate and effective conversational turns occurred during sessions with amplification.
Subject(s)
Amplifiers, Electronic , Hearing Disorders/etiology , Hearing Disorders/therapy , Language Disorders/etiology , Otitis Media with Effusion/complications , Otitis Media with Effusion/physiopathology , Speech Disorders/etiology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Language Disorders/therapy , Pilot Projects , Psychomotor Disorders/etiology , Speech Disorders/therapy , Speech TherapyABSTRACT
The relation of otitis media with effusion (OME) and associated hearing loss to language and cognitive skills at 1 year of age was studied to determine whether OME-related hearing loss had a direct association with language and cognitive outcomes at 1 year of age or an indirect association with these outcomes, as mediated by the child-rearing environment. Subjects were 61 black infants attending community-based child care programs. The presence of OME was assessed biweekly from 6 to 12 months of age by otoscopy and tympanometry. Hearing was assessed with visual reinforcement audiometry when children were well and when ill with OME. Language and cognitive skills and the child-rearing environment at home and in child care were examined. The results indicated a modest correlation between hearing loss associated with OME and receptive language. However, the direct association between OME-related hearing loss and all the language and cognitive measures was negligible. Hearing loss had an indirect association with receptive and expressive language, cognitive development, and overall communication as mediated by child-rearing factors. That is, children with more frequent hearing loss tended to have less responsive mothers and home environments, and this association was linked to lower performance on the infant assessments.
