ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: An ecological correlation between invasive cervical cancer incidence and burden of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) is hypothesized to explain the excess in detectable human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Latin America, via a global T-helper type 2 (Th2)-biased mucosal immune response secondary to STH infection. METHODS: The association between current STH infection and HPV prevalence was compared in regions of Peru where STH is or is not endemic. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with robust variance were estimated as an effect measure of STH infection on HPV prevalence in each study site. Soluble immune marker profiles in STH-infected and STH-uninfected women were compared using Spearman rank correlation with the Sidak correction. RESULTS: Among women in the helminth-endemic region of the Peruvian Amazon, those with STH infection women had a 60% higher prevalence of HPV, compared with those without STH infection (PR, 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-2.7). Non-STH parasitic/protozoal infections in the non-STH-endemic population of Peru were not associated with HPV prevalence. In Iquitos, A Th2 immune profile was observed in cervical fluid from helminth-infected women but not helminth-uninfected women. CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of the increased HPV prevalence at older ages observed in Latin America may be due to a population-level difference in the efficiency of immunological control of HPV across the lifespan due to endemic STH infection.
Subject(s)
Cytokines/metabolism , Helminthiasis/complications , Helminthiasis/transmission , Papillomaviridae/isolation & purification , Papillomavirus Infections/complications , Soil/parasitology , T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism , Adult , Cervix Uteri/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation/immunology , Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/immunology , Papillomavirus Infections/metabolism , Peru/epidemiology , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids are commonly used as adjuvant treatment for side-effects and have anti-proliferative activity in several tumors but, on the other hand, their proliferative effect has been reported in several studies, some of them involving the spread of cancer. We shall attempt to reconcile these incongruities from the genomic and tissue-physiology perspectives with our findings. METHODS: An accurate phenotype analysis of microarray data can help to solve multiple paradoxes derived from tumor-progression models. We have developed a new strategy to facilitate the study of interdependences among the phenotypes defined by the sample clusters obtained by common clustering methods (HC, SOTA, SOM, PAM). These interdependences are obtained by the detection of non-linear expression-relationships where each fluctuation in the relationship implies a phenotype change and each relationship typology implies a specific phenotype interdependence. As a result, multiple phenotypic changes are identified together with the genes involved in the phenotype transitions. In this way, we study the phenotypic changes from microarray data that describe common phenotypes in cancer from different tissues, and we cross our results with biomedical databases to relate the glucocorticoid activity to the phenotypic changes. RESULTS: 11,244 significant non-linear expression relationships, classified into 11 different typologies, have been detected from the data matrix analyzed. From them, 415 non-linear expression relationships were related to glucocorticoid activity. Studying them, we have found the possible reason for opposite effects of some stressor agents like dexamethasone on tumor progression and it has been confirmed by literature. This hidden reason has resulted in being linked with the type of tumor progression of the tissues. In the first type of tumor progression found, new cells can be stressed during proliferation and stressor agents increase tumor proliferation. In the second type, cell stress and tumor proliferation are antagonists so, therefore, stressor agents stop tumor proliferation in order to stress the cells. The non-linear expression relationships among DUSP6, FERMT2, FKBP5, EGFR, NEDD4L and CITED2 genes are used to synthesize these findings.
Subject(s)
Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Glucocorticoids/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cluster Analysis , Disease Progression , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Genomics , Humans , Linear Models , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/genetics , Phenotype , Tissue Array AnalysisABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease morbidity is not well documented in Spain, due to the fact that there is no comprehensive and reliable data source. This study sought to describe the population frequency of ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Spain. We used bibliographic search strategies in four different databases to identify scientific studies published in Spanish medical journals or by Spanish authors after 1990. We then selected studies drawn from population-based registers, prevalence surveys and cohort studies, from which age-adjusted incidence and/or prevalence rates could be extracted. We identified 19 papers published in the period 1993-2005, containing valid information on cardiovascular diseases population incidence or prevalence in Spain. Acute myocardial infarction incidence rates per 100,000 population ranged between 135-210 and 29-61 new cases annually for men and women aged 25-74 years, respectively. Acute myocardial infarction prevalence rates were not available, but a study of prevalence of angina showed rates of 7.3% in men and 7.5% in women. Cerebrovascular disease incidence rates per 100,000 population ranged between 364 for men and 169 women, in aged 69 years and over rising to 2.371 in men and 1.493 in women. Prevalence rates in population aged 65 years and over would be estimated in 7% in men and 6% in women. Although currently available information may serve as an initial reference, monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of these diseases will nevertheless call for an effort which exceeds the capacity of isolated research teams.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology , Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Tipo de estudio: retrospectivo, descriptivo de junio a diciembre de 2001 en el hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde en menores de 14 años de ambos sexos.Objetivo: Conocer la causa más frecuente de anemia hemolítica, sus factores de riesgo y prevenir sus complicaciones. El estudio va encaminado a la edad pediátrica puesto que muchas de las causas son hereditarias y conducen a largo plazo a complicaciones que aumentan la morbi-mortalidad infantil.Resultados: De los 6.736 niños que acudieron 23 tuvieron diagnóstico de Anemia Hemolítica, es decir que de cada 100 pacientes el 0.34% tiene Anemia Hemolítica. La causa mas frecuente en nuestro medio es la anemia falciforme.Conclusión: Las anemias hemolíticas constituyen un grupo de enfermedades que conducen a la destrucción precoz de los glóbulos rojos, teniendo muchas causas tanto hereditarias como adquiridas.
Type of study: a retrospective, descriptive study from June to December 2001 at the Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Hospital among children of both sexes younger than 14 years.Objective: To determine the most frequent cause hemolytic anemia, involved risk factors and to prevent related complications. The study is oriented towards the pediatric age since many of the causes are hereditary and may in turn lead to long term complications that increase the infant morbid-mortality.Results: 23 children of 6.736 resulted with a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia, this is out 100 patients 0.34% have hemolytic anemia. The most frequent cause most in our population was falciform anemia.Conclusion: Hemolytic anemias constitute a group of diseases that lead to the premature red cell destruction, having many causes, hereditary and acquired.
Subject(s)
Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anemia, Hemolytic , Causality , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune , Anemia, Sickle Cell , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency , InfectionsABSTRACT
El prolapso es motivo frecuente de consulta para en Ginecología y la mayoría de las mujeres que lo padecen sobrepasan los 50 años.Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y longitudinal desde 1995 al 2000 en el hospital Naval de Guayaquil.El objetivo: Conocer los factores causales más comunes.Comprobar la importancia de la relación entre los antecedentes gineco-obstétricos y el desarrollo del prolapso genital.Identificar el tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico y las complicaciones que se presentaron al momento de la resolución en las pacientes internadas en el hospital Naval de Guayaquil (HOSNAV).Se encontraron 65 casos en el estudio de 6 años, la edad media de presentación fue 57 años 8 meses, se demostró que mientras más se acerquen a la etapa del climaterio, la incidencia de prolapso genital aumenta en forma proporcional. El factor causal que se relaciona al desarrollo de prolapsos es la multiparidad y los partos distócicos.
Prolapse is frequent reason of consultation to the gynecologist and most common in women over 50 years. We carried out a retrospective, descriptive and longitudinal study between the years of 1995 to 2000 in the Naval Hospital of Guayaquil with the objective of finding out the most common risk factors, to check the importance of the relationship between the Gynecologic clinical history and the development of the genital prolapse, and to identify the type of surgical treatment and the complications that were presented.There were 65 cases in the 6 year-old study, the age of presentation was 57 years 8 months, it was demonstrated that while more they come closer to the stage of the climaterium, the incidence of genital prolapse increased. The risk factor that is related to the development of prolapse is the multiparty and the distosic childbirths.
