ABSTRACT
Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha evidenciado la importancia de la metodología epidemiológica, por lo que es significativo fortalecer su aprendizaje en todos los niveles formativos del área de ciencias de la salud. Objetivo. Aplicar metodología epidemiológica de carácter descriptivo y analítico para el estudio de una base de datos de casos COVID-19 en la República Mexicana. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de bases de datos en sitios web oficiales sobre los casos de COVID-19, y se recuperó un archivo en formato Excel con la información de 65,536 casos al día 10 de abril del 2021 a las 01:14hrs. Posteriormente, se realizó análisis estadístico de las diferentes variables mediante el programa SPSS, versión 21 en español, consistente en cálculo de prevalencias, razón de productos cruzados (RPC) y medidas de asociación, en lo cual participaron alumnos del cuarto semestre de enfermería. Resultados. La prevalencia para el género masculino fue de 53 %, y para el femenino de 47 %, con una media aritmética de edad de 35 años. La Chi cuadrada entre género y resultado de laboratorio positivo fue de 6527.9, con un 99 % de probabilidad de que haya asociación entre las variables. Asimismo, para la relación hipertensión y resultado de laboratorio positivo la Chi cuadrada fue de 51.97. La RPC para diabetes y resultado de laboratorio positivo fue de 1.4. Conclusiones. La aplicación de indicadores epidemiológicos básicos representa una herramienta importante para el fenómeno epidemiológico COVID-19, pues establece una caracterización de la epidemia en nuestro país.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has evidenced the importance of epidemiological methodology, so it is significant to strengthen its learning at all educational levels in the area of health sciences. Objetive. Apply descriptive and analytical epidemiological methodology for the study of a database of COVID-19 cases in the Mexican Republic. Material and methods: A search of databases on official websites on COVID-19 cases was carried out, and an Excel format file was recovered with the information of 65,536 cases as of April 10, 2021 at 01:14 a.m. Subsequently, a statistical analysis of the different variables was carried out using the SPSS program, version 21 in Spanish, consisting of calculation of prevalence, ratio of cross products (RPC) and measures of association, in which fourth semester nursing students participated. Results: The prevalence for the male gender was 53%, and for the female 47%, with an arithmetic mean age of 35 years. The Chi square between gender and positive laboratory result was 6527.9, with a 99% probability of an association between the variables. Likewise, for the relationship between hypertension and a positive laboratory result, the Chi square was 51.97. The RPC for diabetes and positive laboratory result was 1.4. Conclusions: The application of basic epidemiological indicators represents an important tool for the epidemiological phenomenon COVID-19, since it establishes a characterization of the epidemic in our country.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Database , COVID-19ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The delivery of the therapeutic radiation dose to the tumour in photon radiotherapy, also implies dose deposition in distant organs (peripheral dose) related to secondary cancers induction (Hall and Wuu, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 56:83-88, 2003). Therefore, peripheral dose estimation in MU-demanding techniques, such as Helical TomoTherapy (HT), becomes relevant. TLD measurements and Monte Carlo modelling were compared by D'Agostino (Strahlenther Onkol 187:693, 2011). The purpose of this work was to find out experimental models predicting the equivalent photon dose as a function of the distance to the isocenter for different treatment types. The prostate case is presented here. METHODS: A HT prostate plan was delivered to an anthropomorphic phantom mimicking a male adult. The phantom was made of polyethylene blocks whereas light wood was used for lungs. 16 points distributed along the phantom, covering different depths, were selected (Sánchez-Doblado IFMBE, World Congress Med Phys & Biomed Eng, 259-261, 2009). Additionally, a polyethylene sheet was inserted in the phantom to measure the off-axis dose profile at midplane depth. Measurements were carried out with standard TLD-100 pairs of dosimeters (calibrated in a 137Cs source). RESULTS: Two-exponential-terms curve fitting was carried out to model separately the scatter and leakage contribution (f=a*exp(-b*x)+c*exp(-d*x)). The former resulted predominant in the proximal region (10=x=14cm) and the latter in the distal re gion (x=14cm). Both components equate at 18cm. Scatter contribution becomes negligible for x=23cm. Points at 5cm were not used for the model as they are too close to the isocenter to be considered as peripheral dose. Model fits well experimental data (13% mean deviation). Only depths behind the build-up region could be properly modelled. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral photon dose profiles in HT treatments have been modelled by a two-exponential-terms curve modelling separately scatter and leakage.
ABSTRACT
Las arritmias fetales representan un motivo infrecuente de ingreso ala unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se presenta tres casos de gestantes entre 27 y 32 semanas, con el diagnóestico de taquiarritmias supraventriculares fetales sostenidas, que exhibían fracaso en el intento inicial de reversión con digoxina. Dos casos con taquicardia sapraventricular respondieron favorablemente cuando se asoció flecainida. Un feto hidrópico con aleteo auricular y bloqueo 2:1 no revirtió con la associón de flecainida ni amiodarona a la digoxina y requirió la interrupsión de la gestación en la 30 ¬ semana. El neonato presentó disfunción tiroidea transitória atribuída a la administración de amiodarona. (AU)
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/drug therapy , Fetal Diseases/drug therapy , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/diagnostic imaging , Fetal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Flecainide/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Las arritmias fetales representan un motivo infrecuente de ingreso ala unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se presenta tres casos de gestantes entre 27 y 32 semanas, con el diagnóestico de taquiarritmias supraventriculares fetales sostenidas, que exhibían fracaso en el intento inicial de reversión con digoxina. Dos casos con taquicardia sapraventricular respondieron favorablemente cuando se asoció flecainida. Un feto hidrópico con aleteo auricular y bloqueo 2:1 no revirtió con la associón de flecainida ni amiodarona a la digoxina y requirió la interrupsión de la gestación en la 30 ª semana. El neonato presentó disfunción tiroidea transitória atribuída a la administración de amiodarona.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Fetal Diseases/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Supraventricular/drug therapy , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Fetal Diseases , Flecainide/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Tachycardia, SupraventricularABSTRACT
Recent reports have implicated CO2 pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery in the occurrence of postoperative mesenteric ischemia. With this kind of surgery, the increase in blood lactate levels has been attributed to anaerobic metabolism, probably due to tissue ischemia induced by high intraabdominal pressure (IAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic repercussion of CO2 pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This was a prospective randomized study of CO2 pneumoperitoneum (PP group, n = 19) versus abdominal wall retraction (AWR group, n = 15). Demographic data were collected preoperatively. Four-trocar LC was performed with either a CO2 pneumoperitoneum (IAP of 12 mmHg) or abdominal wall retraction (abdominal wall pressure 6-10 kp). Intraoperative and postoperative blood samples were collected and lactate levels determined by enzymatic analysis. Repeated measures analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Significance was evaluated at p < 0.05. The groups were shown to be homogeneous. Lactate concentration, expressed as mean (SD), went from 25.4 (14.4) mg/dl at baseline to 18.9 (13.6) mg/dl 4 hours after surgery in the PP group and from 19.4 (6.1) mg/dl at baseline to 17.8 (14.7) mg/dl in the AWR group. No significant differences were found between groups intraoperatively (p = 0.116) or postoperatively (p = 0.99). Our study did not show significant differences in blood lactate levels during LC with CO2 pneumoperitoneum compared to the same procedure with abdominal wall retraction.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Muscles/surgery , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Lactic Acid/metabolism , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carbon Dioxide , Female , Humans , Intraoperative Period , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although abdominal wall retraction is said to be advantageous in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), many surgeons have found that, when this option is chosen, more time is needed to prepare for and carry out the surgical procedure. Our aim was to determine the time required for surgical preparation and operation in patients undergoing LC with carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum (CO2 PP) vs abdominal wall retraction (AWR). METHODS: We performed a prospective randomized study of a CO2 PP LC group (n = 19) vs an AWR LC group (n = 15). Demographic data were collected preoperatively. LC was performed with either CO2 PP (12 mmHg) or AWR (6-10 kps). Two phases were considered: (a) time employed to create the surgical field (phase 1) and (b) operating time (phase 2). The chi-square test was used to compare the medians of the two groups. RESULTS: The two groups were homogeneous. Phase 1 required 35 min in the CO2 PP group vs 25 min in the AWR group (p = 0.24). Phase 2 required 60 min in both groups (p = 0.76). CONCLUSION: We found no statistically significant difference between the PP CO2 and AWR groups in either time spent to create the surgical field or actual operating time.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/therapeutic use , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial/methods , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Pancreatic ascites is an entity defined as amylase levels up to 1.000 U/l in ascitic liquid. Frequently, it is secondary to a rupture of pancreatic ductus or pseudocyst and foreward communication to peritoneal space. We present a male diagnosed of calcified alcoholic chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic ascites secondary to a pseudocyst. Combination of parenteral nutrition and sintetic cyclic somatostatin was efficient. It would act by reducing pancreatic secretion in a long-term manner, which is the final purpose of the treatment. This association would be considered as a former tool in ascitic pancreatic patients, evacuatory punction or delayed surgery been relegated to a conservatory treatment failure or when primary pathology indicate it.
Subject(s)
Ascites/drug therapy , Pancreatic Diseases/drug therapy , Somatostatin/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
An epidemic outbreak of trichinosis after wild boar meat ingestion was analysed. The most frequent clinical manifestations were: muscular pain, fever, periorbitary edema and conjunctivitis. Laboratory tests showed eosinophilia and increased muscular enzymes. There was no mortality. 10 patients had electromyograms, which all showed an inflammatory myopathy pattern. The one fiber study showed similar signs as those found in cases of polymyositis. There was a significant statistical relationship between intensity and duration of symptoms in the intestinal phase and eosinophils levels in peripheral blood. There was also a statistically significant relationship between CPK levels and decrease of mean duration of motor unit potential. Treatment with thiabendazole and steroids was useful. The indirect immunofluorescence test (IIT) proved an excellent method for diagnosing trichinosis.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Trichinellosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiology , Trichinellosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Primary cerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PCL) is not very frequent, especially in the immunologically normal patient. Its radiological features and the response to steroid and radiotherapy treatment force the physician to consider it amongst the differential brain tumor diagnoses; particularly when an extraordinary remission is observed after steroid treatment, even in an immunologically normal patient.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Biopsy , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Because the important increase of cocaine abuse and the frequent pathology associated, we present two cases of males who had a multiorganic failure cause by severe rabdomyolysis, renal failure with myoglobinuria and disseminated intravascular coagulation, after the cocaine consumption. In one case a pancreatitis associated was observed, this not being described before. Both cases are recovered.
Subject(s)
Cocaine/poisoning , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Acute Disease , Adult , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Tetanus/etiology , Adult , Drug Eruptions/complications , Heroin/administration & dosage , Heroin/adverse effects , Humans , Injections, Intravenous/adverse effects , Injections, Subcutaneous/adverse effects , Male , Quinine/adverse effects , Tetanus/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The bactericidal effect (BE) of an antibiotic reduces the infective population, and its postantibiotic effect (PAE) assures a persistent inhibition of bacterial cells after a short exposure to the antimicrobial agent. Both effects prevent the early regrowth of the infecting organisms when the antibiotic tissue levels decrease to below the MIC value. The BE and the PAE of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, gentamicin and ampicillin on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis were investigated with viable counts and continuous impedance monitoring of broth cultures. Imipenem and gentamicin gave similar high BE and PAE values at low concentrations and with short drug exposures in most strains tested. PAE is low or non-existent for Gram-negative strains with other beta-lactam antibiotics. These results suggest the possibility of future clinical studies with new experimental dosage schedules for imipenem.
