ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic pathology characterised by widespread pain commonly associated with psychological distress affecting quality of life. In recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been investigated to treat chronic pain. The aim of the current review is to determine the effects of tDCS and TMS on the main symptoms of patients with FM. DEVELOPMENT: A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was carried out. The search strategy was performed in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Randomised controlled trials based on the effects of tDCS and TMS on pain, pressure pain threshold (PPT), fatigue, anxiety and depression, catastrophising and quality of life in patients with FM were analysed. Fourteen studies were included. CONCLUSIONS: The application of tDCS to the motor cortex is the only intervention shown to decrease pain in the short and medium-term in patients with FM. The application of both interventions showed improvements in PPT, catastrophising and quality of life when applied to the motor cortex, and in fatigue when applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The effects of these interventions on anxiety and depression are unclear.
Subject(s)
Chronic Pain , Fibromyalgia , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation , Humans , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , Fibromyalgia/therapy , Fibromyalgia/psychology , Quality of Life , Chronic Pain/therapy , Fatigue/therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo Evaluar la fiabilidad intraexaminador e interexaminador de la aplicación Clinometer para medir el rango de movimiento (RDM) de la cadera en pacientes con artrosis de cadera y su correlación con el goniómetro universal. Métodos Se diseñó un estudio de medidas repetidas en el que se incluyeron 35 pacientes con artrosis de cadera. Se registró el RDM de rotación interna, externa, flexión y extensión de cadera mediante la aplicación Clinometer por 2 examinadores independientes. Se calculó la fiabilidad intraexaminador e interexaminador utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, y se calculó el error estándar de medición y el cambio mínimo detectable. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para correlacionar la aplicación Clinometer con el goniómetro universal. Resultados La aplicación Clinometer mostró una fiabilidad excelente tanto intraexaminador (coeficiente de correlación intraclase: 0,82-0,96) como interexaminador (coeficiente de correlación intraclase: 0,81-0,95) para todos los RDM de la cadera valorados. La correlación entre este instrumento y el goniómetro universal mostró ser fuerte para todos los RDM de la cadera (r>0,70). Conclusión La aplicación Clinometer ha mostrado unos niveles de fiabilidad excelentes para la medición del RDM de rotación interna, externa, flexión y extensión de la cadera en pacientes con artrosis y presenta una fuerte correlación con el goniómetro universal (AU)
Objective To evaluate the testretest and inter-rater reliability of the application Clinometer for measuring the hip range of motion (ROM) in patients with hip osteoarthritis and its correlation with the universal goniometer. Methods A blinded repeated measured was carried out with 35 patients with hip osteoarthritis. Hip internal rotation, external rotation, flexion and extension ROM were measured using Clinometer app by 2 independents raters. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to calculate the testretest reliability and inter-rater reliability. The standard error measurement and minimal detectable change were also calculated. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate the app with the universal goniometer. Results Clinometer application achieved excellent testretest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.82-0.96) and inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.81-0.95) in all the ROMs assessed. The correlation analysis with the universal goniometer showed strong correlation values (r>0.70) in all the ROMs assessed. Conclusion Clinometer application presented excellent testretest reliability and inter-rater reliability for the measurement of hip ROM in patients with hip osteoarthritis. The smartphone application showed a strong correlation compared to universal goniometer (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Observer Variation , Range of Motion, Articular , Osteoarthritis, Hip , Reproducibility of Results , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
Objetivo Comparar los efectos de un estiramiento pasivo del músculo cuádriceps frente a un autoestiramiento en la flexibilidad de los músculos del muslo y el rango de movimiento (ROM) de la cadera en jugadores de fútbol. Métodos Se diseñó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado en el que se incluyeron 34 jugadores de fútbol amateur con déficit de flexibilidad en el músculo cuádriceps. Los jugadores fueron aleatorizados en dos grupos (grupo estiramiento o grupo autoestiramiento). Cada participante recibió una única sesión de estiramiento pasivo o autoestiramiento del cuádriceps en su pierna dominante. Se valoró la flexibilidad del cuádriceps mediante el test de Ely, la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales mediante el Passive Knee Extension test, y ROM de flexión y extensión de la cadera. Resultados Ambos grupos mostraron un aumento estadísticamente significativo de la flexibilidad del cuádriceps, de la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales y del ROM de extensión de la cadera sin diferencias significativas entre ellos (p>0,05). El grupo estiramiento mostró unos tamaños del efecto grandes en la flexibilidad y el ROM de extensión (d>0,8), siendo superiores a los registrados en el grupo autoestiramiento. Conclusiones La flexibilidad de los músculos cuádriceps e isquiotibiales, así como el ROM de extensión de cadera aumentaron tras el estiramiento y el autoestiramiento del músculo cuádriceps. Los tamaños del efecto mostrados por el grupo estiramiento fueron superiores a los del grupo autoestiramiento (AU)
Objective To compare the effects of quadriceps passive stretching or quadriceps self-stretching in muscle flexibility and hip range of motion (ROM) in football athletes. Methods A randomized clinical trial was carried out. Thirty-four football athletes with lack of flexibility in the quadriceps muscle were included and randomized in two groups (Stretching group or self-stretching group) and received a single session of quadriceps passive stretching or quadriceps self-stretching in the dominant lower limb. The outcome variables were: quadriceps flexibility measured with the Ely's test, hamstring flexibility measured with the Passive Knee Extension test and hip flexion and extension ROM. Results Both groups achieved a statistically significant improvement of quadriceps flexibility, hamstrings flexibility and hip extension ROM without statistically significant differences between them (p>0.05). The stretching group reported large effect sizes in muscle flexibility and hip extension ROM (d>0.8), and the effect sizes of the stretching group were higher than the self-stretching group. Conclusions Flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles as well as hip extension ROM increased after stretching and self-stretching of the quadriceps muscle. The effect sizes shown by the stretching group were higher than those of the self-stretching group (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Muscle Stretching Exercises , Quadriceps Muscle/physiology , Soccer/physiology , Athletes , Single-Blind MethodABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic pathology characterized by widespread pain commonly associated with psychological distress affecting quality of life. In recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been investigated to treat chronic pain. The aim of the current review is to determine the effects of tDCS and TMS on the main symptoms of patients with FM. DEVELOPMENT: A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was carried out. The search strategy was performed in Medline, Scopus, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials based on the effects of tDCS and TMS on pain, pressure pain threshold, fatigue, anxiety and depression, catastrophizing and quality of life in patients with FM were analysed. Fourteen studies were included. CONCLUSIONS: The application of tDCS to the motor cortex is the only intervention shown to decrease pain in the short and medium-term in patients with FM. The application of both interventions showed improvements in pressure pain threshold, catastrophizing and quality of life when applied to the motor cortex, and in fatigue when applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The effects of these interventions on anxiety and depression are unclear.
