[Changes in the fatty acid composition of blood cell membranes in children with inflammatory diseases].

Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte and leukocyte membranes has been studied in children (with normal body mass and obesity) with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and children with bronchial asthma in comparison with basically healthy children. Fifty seven children aged from 7 to 14 years were examined: 13 with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (IDGIT) (eosophagitis, gastroduodenitis, stomach ulcer), 25 with obesity stages (I-III) complicated by IDGIT, 9 with bronchial asthma and 10 basically healthy children. The study revealed that both IDGIT and bronchial asthma caused significant and similar changes in fatty acid composition of cell membranes. These included accumulation of omega3-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); this phenomenon observed in both erythrocyte and leukocyte membranes suggests a common feature of the detected changes in fatty acid composition of cell membranes in inflammation. There was a significant decrease in the level of membrane omega6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), first of all arachidonic acid and total omega6 PUFA. Consequently, EPA accumulation in membranes may be a compensatory response to low dietary arachidonic acid supply and/or its increased synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotriens, thromboxans) during inflammatory process.

Accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid in membranes of erythrocytes and leukocytes during alterative-exudative and allergic inflammation.

Children patients with alterative-exudative (gastrointestinal diseases) and allergic inflammation (bronchial asthma) exhibited similar changes in fatty acid composition of erythrocyte and leukocyte membranes. They included accumulation of considerable amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and decrease in the content of docosahexaenoic acid (long-chain derivative of eicosapentaenoic acid). The accumulation of eicosapentaenoic acid and decrease in the content of docosahexaenoic acid in cell membranes probably play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. It is related to a possible decrease in the formation of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (series-5 leukotrienes) and protective compounds (resolvins and protectins) from fatty acids and changes in the physicochemical properties of cell membranes.

[The clinical and experimental research of metabolic effects of shark liver oil].

The investigation of influent of antiatherosclerotic diets with shark liver oil on clinical and metabolic parameters in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study show that enrichment of a diets with shark liver oil in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension improved clinic status, antropometric levels, lipid spectrum of blood and immunology status. The mechanism of shark liver oil was investigated in rats.

[The influence of diet with including amaranth oil on lipid metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia].

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with amaranth oil on dynamic of lipid profile and composition of fatty acids of erythrocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteidemia. The efficacy of diet with different contents of squalene (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg per day) was compared. It was shown that antiatherosclerotic diet with including 600 mg squalene has promoted the most positive changes of the serum cholesterol and triglycerides level and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes membranes as well.

[Amaranths oil: peculiarities of chemical composition and influence on lipid metabolism by rats].

In experiment on rats it was shown a hypocholesterolemic effect of amaranth oil. The decrease of cholesterol lever in rat blood was not accompanied by its increasing in a liver. The turn from a model of hypercholesterolemia to the diet with amaranth oil also prodused decreasing of cholesterol lever in rat plasma and liver as compared with control animals. In the composition of rat liver sterins the increasing of plant sterins was observed that probably was due to squalene presense in amaranth oil.

[Composition of sterols from arthrospores and mycelia of the fungus Mucor hiemalis]. / Sostav sterinov artrospor i mitseliia griba Mucor hiemalis.

Sterol composition of the arthrospores and mycelium of the fungus Mucor hiemalis 1156 was studied by the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry. Along with ergosterol, the major sterol of the culture studied, ten minor sterol were identified, which were either precursors or products of ergosterol degradation. The content of individual sterols differed substantially in arthrospores and mycelium, which represent different stages of ontogenetic development of the fungus. In arthrospores, the content of ergosterol was lower than in mycelium (55.9 and 78%, respectively). Among the precursors of ergosterol, methylated sterols predominated in arthrospores (24.1% versus 11.6% in mycelium). Eburicol and 4,4-dimethylfecosterol were the major methylated sterols of arthrospores (10.6 and 8.1%, respectively). In addition, two uncommon and extremely rare sterols, 1-dihydro-dehydroneoergosterol and dehydroneoergosterol, were identified (for the first time in M. hiemalis). These substances, containing a complex system of conjugated double bonds in their A and B rings, are the products of ergosterol degradation. The data on sterol composition are discussed in terms of their morphogenetic implication.

[The characteristics of lipid ligand binding by serum albumin in athletes]. / Osobennosti kompleksirovaniia lipidnykh ligandov syvorotochnym al'buminom u sportsmenov.

The ability of serum albumin to bind lipids, fatty acids and products of their peroxidation was studied in well trained sportsmen during a competitive period. Detected quantitative and qualitative alterations point to a protein involvement in metabolic changes in an adaptation to work loads.

[A method of determining the levels of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and its metabolites]. / Metod opredeleniia dezoksinivalenola (vomitoksina) i ego metabolitov.

A method has been developed for assay of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolite desepoxideoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in animal excrements with the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection (218 nm). The method includes purification in the mini-column with activated carbon and aluminium oxide. The detection limit was 50 ng/g, relative standard deviation--0.05-0.1, the degree of toxin isolation--76-89%. DON isolated from Fusarium macroceras, strain 579a, cultivated in rice under laboratory conditions, and DOM-1 obtained as a result of DON incubation with the contents of the beef first stomach, were used in the study. The structure of toxins isolated has been proved by the mass-spectrometry method. The method developed by the authors was used in the study of DON metabolism in vivo in monkeys.

[Characteristics of the binding by serum albumin of fatty acids and products of their peroxidation during intensive muscular work]. / Osobennosti sviazyvaniia syvorotochnym al'buminom zhirnykh kislot i produktov ikh perekisnogo okisleniia pri intensivnoi myshechnoi rabote.

The ability of serum albumin to bind polyunsaturated fatty acids and products of their peroxidation in long-distance cyclists was investigated during their recovery period. In response to high workloads well trained athletes, when compared to lower class cyclists, showed a significant decrease of partial portions of linoleic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenic and other fatty acids. These findings indicate that albumin plays an important part in the transport of fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products as one of biochemical components of metabolic transformations in the course of adaptation to high workloads.

[Transport of fatty acids and products of their peroxidation by serum albumin in ischemic and non-coronary injury of the myocardium]. / Transport zhirnykh kislot i produktov ikh perekisnogo okisleniia syvorotochnym al'buminom pri ishemicheskom i nekoronarogennom povrezhdenii serdechnoi myshtsy.

Functional ability of blood serum albumin to bind lipids, fatty acids and products of their peroxidation was studied in ischemic and non-coronary impairments of myocardium. Certain alterations were detected in the transport volumes of low molecular substances studied, which suggest the important function of albumin in biochemical shifts of bioenergetic and other metabolic reactions during myocardial impairments.

[Selective incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family in the diet into the cerebellar phospholipids of rats]. / Izbiratel'noe vkliuchenie polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot semeistva omega 3 ratsiona v fosfolipidy mozzhechka krys.

TLC, GLC and GC-MS methods were applied for studying the fatty acid composition of rat cerebellum phospholipids. 75 male Wistar rats had a diet without fat for 6 weeks and then a diet with linseed oil, fish oil in combination with lard and mixture of sunflower oil with lard (control group) for 3 months; PUFA omega 6/omega 3 rations were 0.27; 0.5 and 45.0. PUFA omega 3 in all fractions were represented mainly by 22:6 omega 3 (0.2-12.0%) acid and its share depends on the total PUFA omega 3 amount in the diet. The absence of 18:3, 20:5 and 22:5 omega 3 in cerebellum lipids, fed in great amount with test diets, suggested that these acids are rapidly desaturated and elongated to 22:6 omega 3 at the blood-brain barrier. Established competitive inhibition of desaturases responsible for the synthesis of tissues PUFA omega 6 and omega 3 proves the expressed regulatory effect of alimentary factor on brain lipids.

[Changes in the sterol content of soybean oil after its thermal processing]. / Izmenenie sostava sterolov soevogo masla posle ee termicheskoi obrabotki.

A study was made of alterations in the composition of soybean oil sterols after thermal treatment. It was established that in heat-exposed oils, the content of total sterols dropped 20 to 50%. Analysis of a sample of free sterols from soybean oil heated for 13 h demonstrated a slight decrease in the content of stigmast-5-en-3 beta-ol at the expense of a rise in the concentration of delta 5-avenasterol, citrostadienol, and 24-methylene cycloartanol.

[Accumulation and transformation of dietary ergosterol in rats]. / Izuchenie nakopleniia i transformatsii érgosterina v organizme krysy pri alimentarnoi ego nagruzke.

The results of experiments on rats given the ergosterol-containing diet for a long time indicate that ergosterol was incorporated in liver tissues in trace amounts which are not comparable with ergosterol concentrations exerting an effect in model experiments. Ergosterol was not detected in the liver after 3-day experiments. At the same time it was established that the proportion of unchanged ergosterol in rat feces was about 16% of the amount administered per os. The products of a possible ergosterol transformation (dehydroneoergosterol-24-methyl-1,3,5 (10), 6,8 (9), 22-hexaen-3 beta-ol; 24-methylcholesta-7,24 (28)-dien-3 beta-ol; 4-cholesta-7,22,25 (?)-trien-3 beta-ol; 4-methylcholesta-7,22 (?)-dien-3 beta-ol, and so forth were identified in feces.

[Effect of storage and handling on the fatty acid composition of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba]. / Vliianie khraneniia i teplovoi obrabotki na sostav zhirnykh kislot lipidov antarkticheskogo krilia Euphausia superba.

Gas liquid chromatography and chromato-mass-spectrometry were used to study and compare the fatty acid composition of lipids from the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba shortly after catch and after storage for 6 months in the frozen form or thermally treated and then frozen. Fatty acid lipids were found to contain acids having a methyl group in the 2d position, and acids having an OH group in the 2d and 3d positions, which had not been reported before. The technological treatment did not produce any changes in fatty acid composition which might affect the biological value of the product under consideration.

[N-nitrosamines in beer and nonalcoholic beverages]. / N-nitrozaminy v pive i nekotorykh bezalkogol'nykh napitkakh.

The content of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines was examined in beer, kvas, kvas wort, in dried pear and drink prepared from the dried fruit. An analysis was made with the use of the fluorescence technique. It was found that only some of the beer grades contain a negligible amount of N-nitrosamines. The remaining products showed no N-nitrosamines.

[Determination and identification of unsaturated hydrocarbons in sunflower oil]. / Opredelenie i identifikatsiia nenasyshchennykh uglevodorodov podsolnechnogo masla.

The procedure has been described for determination of unsaturated hydrocarbons in sun flower oil by ligand exchange chromatography. 15 compounds including sesequiterpenes and diterpenes (the latter ones predominated) have been identified in the olefin fraction. Compounds similar to gurjunen and cadinen isomers dominated in the series of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons whereas compounds of the labdan and cauren types were predominant among diterpene hydrocarbons.

[Effect of carbohydrates contained in edible vegetable oils on the makeup of the fatty tissue carbohydrates of rats]. / Vliianie uglevodorodov, soderzhashchikhsia v pishchevykh rastitel'nykh maslakh, na sostav uglevodorodov zhirovoi tkahni krys.

Deposition of hydrocarbons from vegetable oils in the rat fat tissue was studied in the course of using oils as the only source of fat in the diet. the oils were found to contain largely n-alkanes C25-31, cycloalkanes, mono-, ditrinculear arenes. Prior to the experiment the rat fat tissue had a 10-12 fold less amount of total, 5-10 fold less amount of monuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, 50-100 fold less amount of di- and trinuclear arenes, uniform distribution of n-alkanes from C13 to C32, no cycloalkanes. The growth of the animals and the increased time of feeding were proportional to the increased content of both total and aromatic hydrocarbons in the rat subcutaneous fat. After the experiment the distribution pattern of n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons in the subcutaneous fat was similar to that of the oils used. The evidence obtained suggests that even small amounts of hydrocarbons supplied with food oils undergo the stage of deposition in fat tissue.