[Hostility as a manifestation of attachment disorders in depression]. / Vrazhdebnost' kak proyavlenie narushenii privyazannosti pri depressii.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between hostility and attachment disorders in endogenous depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 49 patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder, all of them completed the Simptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90R); the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R); Ich-Struktur-Test nach Ammon. The patients were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). RESULTS: At high levels of depression, the indicators of «hostility¼ (p=0.046), «destructive aggression¼ (p=0.04) and «deficit aggression¼ (p=0.005) are significantly higher. The severity of depression significantly correlates with the severity of «anxiety¼ in attachment (close relationships), as well as with pathological «narcissism¼, «destructive external self-delimitation¼, «deficient internal self-delimitation¼ (p<0.05). For the measure of depression, the regression model explains more than 76% of the variance, with the measures of «interpersonal sensitivity¼, «deficit narcissism¼, and «avoidance¼ in attachment making significant contributions. For the «hostility¼ the regression model explains about 62% of the variance, while, as in the analysis of «depression¼, a significant contribution is made by the indicators of «interpersonal sensitivity¼ and «avoidance¼, however, unlike «depression¼, the contribution of the «destructive narcissism¼ is noted in contrast to the «deficit narcissism¼. CONCLUSIONS: With severe depressive symptoms, indicator of hostility are increased. Hostility in depression is associated with factors caused by a violation of early interpersonal relationships (anxious attachment) (which causes increased sensitivity in relations with others, building a barrier between oneself and the external environment perceived as hostile), the narcissistic pathology, problems in emotional regulation.

[Dynamics of psychopathological symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia]. / Dinamika psikhopatologicheskoi simptomatiki vo vremya pandemii COVID-19 v Rossii.

OBJECTIVE: The results of the analysis of psychopathological symptom dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study uses the data of the Internet survey, which included a block of sociodemographic questions and the SCL-90-R symptomatic questionnaire. Nine hundred and eight responses received from 22.03.20 to 22.06.20 were analysed. The change in the responses over time was assessed: 3 periods of time were allocated, associated with the change in countermeasures to the pandemic in Russia. In addition, the change in the values of the SCL-90 parameters was assessed depending on the existence of respondent's acquaintances infected with the coronavirus. RESULTS: It was shown that SCL-90 symptoms (Somatization, Depression, Obsession, all integral parameters, including the Global Severity Index) increased from 22.03.20 to 22.06.20. With infected people appearing in the respondent's environment psychopathological symptoms increase. The growth of hostility, sensitivity and anxiety is associated with a personal experience of a danger of the pandemic, which intensifies when infected persons appear in the immediate environment. CONCLUSION: The increase in psychopathological symptoms after the mitigation or cancellation of the quarantine restrictions suggests the persistence of long-term consequences.

[Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Combined Treatment of Pharmacoresistant Depression: Dynamics of Clinical, Psychological and EEG Parameters].

In order to investigate the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with depression, we studied the dynamics of clinical parameters, a number of cognitive functions, and the spectral structure of resting EEG in 20 patients with pharmacoresistant depression in the course of combined treatment including TMS. It was shown that short course (10 sessions) of TMS significantly enhanced and accelerated the effect of antidepressants. The course of TMS contributed not only to the reduction of depressive symptoms but also to the improvement of general condition and the recovery of some impaired cognitive functions. The therapeutic effect of TMS seems to be provided by the activation of not only the prefrontal cortex itself but also of some subcortical structures closely linked with it. Thus, TMS appears to be a promising non-drug method for the treatment of clinical conditions and for the correction of brain functional state in patients with depression, including the use in combined treatment of depressive disorders in cases of pharmacoresistance.

[Specifics of emotional biases in decision making in juvenile endogenous attack-like schizophrenia].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the ability of schizophrenic patients to make decisions based on the mechanism of emotional learning (Damasio's somatic markers hypothesis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients with the juvenile endogenous attack-like schizophrenia were investigated. Based on the clinical data, the patients were separated into three groups with different levels of negative symptoms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In all groups the deficit in the emotional decision making mechanism increased along with the progress of the disorder and was connected with the decrease in the ability to adequately estimate self-emotional state, to integrate the ambivalent feeling and to make decisions in ambiguous environment based on the past emotional experience. The executive function and the mechanism of the emotional decision making were found to be independent neurocognitive mechanisms.

[Molecular genetic analysis of a cold-adapted donor attenuation strain for a pediatric liver influenza vaccine, of recombinants based on it and of isolates from vaccinated children]. / Molekuliarno-geneticheskii analiz kholodoadaptirovannogo shtamma-donora attenuatsii dlia detskogo zhivoi grippoznoi vaktsiny, poluchennykh.

The recombination test demonstrated that in the genome of a highly attenuated cold-adapted variant of influenza A/Leningrad/134/47/57 virus five genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins (1, 2, 5, 7, 8) carried ts mutations. Hybridization of this variant with epidemically important strains of influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses produced recombinants which inherited hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from the epidemic strains and 5 (H1N1) and 6 (H3N2) genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins from the cold-adapted variant. The genomes of both recombinants were found to contain five genes coding for nonglycosylated proteins which carried ts mutations. High genetic stability of cold-adapted recombinant vaccine strains was established in immunized children.