ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The causes of iron deficiency may be either due to excessive loss or, less frequently, decrease absorption. Data related to etiology are not available from this part of the country. OBJECTIVE: A study to evaluate the etiology of iron-deficiency anemia at a teaching hospital in the northeastern part of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, cases of iron-deficiency anemia were selected from the OPD and indoor, after taking proper written consent. Iron-deficiency anemia was diagnosed by sending the complete hematological investigations. Other specific investigations including imaging were done in selected patients as per indications. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients of iron-deficiency anemia were included in the study. The age of the selected population was between 18 and 80 years. 37.3% were male and 62.7% were female patients. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in 56, out of these, 9.7% had antral gastritis and 2.9% had a duodenal ulcer. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in 30 patients and out of these seven patients had hemorrhoids, one patient had multiple ulcers in the colon, one had ulcers in the sigmoid colon, and one had ulceroproliferative mass in the transverse colon. Biopsy through the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed chronic duodenitis in three patients (2.9%), carcinoma stomach in one (0.98%), and periampullary carcinoma in one (0.98%). Biopsy after lower gastrointestinal endoscopy showed one case each of carcinoma colon, ulcerative colitis, nonspecific colitis, and nonspecific enteritis. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is not sufficient without the diagnosis of underlying etiology. Special concern will be taken to gastrointestinal malignancies like colorectal cancers in which iron-deficiency anemia may be the only manifestation and diagnosis that can be missed if we do not investigate properly.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There has been enormous progress in the diagnosis and treatment modalities of leukemia, but its pattern and prevalence vary throughout India. This inter-regional variation may be due to geographic, cultural or racial variation or maybe due deficiency in case of notification, especially in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of different types of hematological malignancies with the ABO blood group at a teaching hospital in Varanasi, India. This cross-sectional study of 77 cases was conducted during 2016-2017 at a tertiary care center. We analyzed the age, sex, subtype of leukemia, blood group, clinical features, and laboratory parameters of patients. Age ranged between 1 year and 81 years with a male to female ratio of 1.9:1. A total of 66.3% of patients were suffering from acute leukemia and 33.7% from chronic leukemia. The most common blood group was B positive (44.8%) but no significant association was found (P = 0.822). Fever (76.6%) and generalized weakness/easy fatigability (46.75%) were common complaints, whereas pallor (68.8%) and splenomegaly (51.9%) were common signs. Cases were from 23 districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar. The majority of the cases (70.12%) were from 8 districts (Jaunpur, Varanasi, Azamgarh, Ballia, Bhadhoi, Gazipur, Kaimur, Rohtas) of Uttar Pradesh, India and Aurangabad district of Bihar. Acute leukemia is more prevalent than chronic leukemia with more male preponderance. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were commonly found in children, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was found in both children and adults. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) mainly noted in adults. Unclassified acute leukemia was seen mainly in children and young adults. Anemia was more severe in acute conditions and thrombocytopenia was also more in acute leukemia. The most common blood group was B positive.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Deficiency of factor VIII (Hemophilia A), factor IX (Hemophilia B) and Von Willebrand's factor are the most frequent coagulation defects. The incidence of inhibitors in patients of factor VIII deficiency is varies in different regions of India. AIM: To determine the prevalence, clinical profile and incidence of formation of inhibitors in patients of Hemophilia in north eastern part of India. METHODS: Selected patients were under went for complete Blood Count (CBC), General Blood Picture (GBP), Prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Thrombin time, Correction experiment to know the specific factor deficiency or inhibitors present by Normal Plasma, Normal aged serum, Al(OH)3 adsorbed plasma. RESULTS: 92 patients diagnosed as suffering with Hemophilia A or B were included in study. The age of patients ranged from 2.5 month to 53 years. Out of 92, seventy nine (85.87%) were Haemophilia A and thirteen were (14.13%) Hemophilia B patients. 3.50% (2/55) cases of treated Hemophilia A patient develop inhibitor. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hemophilia and incidence of inhibitors in these patients is varies in different regions of India. This variation may be due to the type of product used as treatment, intensity of treatment or the genetic characteristics of the patients.
