Problemas relacionados con los medicamentos en pacientes de Santiago de Cuba hospitalizados / Drug related problems in inpatients of Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos constituyen una gran preocupación sanitaria por su elevado impacto en la morbilidad de pacientes hospitalizados.Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en los servicios clínicos de cinco instituciones de salud de Santiago de Cuba, durante el primer trimestre de 2020. Se revisaron los perfiles de 329 pacientes que recibieron seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. La muestra fue caracterizada según variables biosociales, clínicas y farmacoterapéuticas, la identificación de los problemas relacionados a la medicación fue realizada utilizando los criterios de Cipolle, Stramd y Morley, determinándose además los medicamentos implicados en los problemas relacionados a la medicación. Los datos fueron procesados a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas representadas por medio de tablas y figuras.Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes mayores o iguales de 60 años representando un 38,6 %; respecto al género un 61,4 % perteneció al femenino. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaron hasta dos enfermedades (76,3 %), las infecciones respiratorias complicadas (35,6 %) fueron el motivo de ingreso más frecuente. El 36,5 % consumió entre cuatro y seis medicamentos, siendo los antibacterianos de usos sistémicos los más prescritos. Se identificaron 598 Problemas Relacionados con los Medicamentos para una proporción de 1,8 PRM/paciente, de estos un 42,8 % corresponde a los problemas de Seguridad, un 31,1 % de Indicación, seguido de 24,9 % de Efectividad y finalmente el 1,2 % de Adherencia.Conclusiones: Los antimicrobianos resultaron los más implicados en la aparición de los problemas relacionados a la medicación. La atención farmacéutica ofrece servicios que garantizan el uso adecuado de los medicamentos. (AU)

Introduction: Drug-related problems are a major health concern because of their high impact on inpatient morbidity. Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional observational, study in the clinical services of five health institutions of Santiago de Cuba, during the first quarter of 2020. The profiles of 329 patients who received pharmacotherapeutic follow-up were reviewed. The sample was characterized according to biosocials, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic variables, the identification of medication-related problems was performed using the criteria of Cipolle, Stramd and Morley, also determining the drugs involved in medication-related problems. The data were processed through absolute and relative frequencies represented by means of tables and figures. Results: Patients over or equal to 60 years of age predominated, representing 38.6 %; 61.4 % of the patients were female. Most of the patients had up to two diseases (76.3 %); complicated respiratory infections (35.6 %) were the most frequent reason for admission. Between four and six medications were consumed by 36.5 %, with antibacterials for systemic use being the most prescribed. A total of 598 drug-related problems were identified for a ratio of 1.8 DRP/patient, of which 42.8 % corresponded to safety problems, 31.1 % to indication, followed by 24.9 % to effectiveness and finally 1.2 % to adherence. Conclusions: Antimicrobials were the most implicated in the occurrence of medication-related problems. Pharmaceutical care offers services that ensure the appropriate use of medications. (AU)

Therapeutic adherence in outpatients with heart failure registered with a community pharmacy

A transverse descriptive study was carried out, according to the classification of therapeutic compliance, to evaluate adherence in 250 patients with a diagnosis of Heart Failure, registered with the health department of the municipality of Santiago de Cuba in 2009. The sample characterization was studied, with an assessment of adherence level and possible associated factors for sex, age and toxic habits. As an instrument for the work, data extraction was scheduled and the interview was carried out at patients' homes; the results were expressed in percentage and level of influence for associated factors. This was determined using the chi-square test. In the investigated population, adherence was greater for females, for age group 67-82 years, and toxic habits were found to have prevalence. Prevailing pharmacoterapies were digoxin, chlortalidone, captopril and isosorbide dinitrate, and a high level of adherence was found, both for the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, in the studied sample. A good level of therapeutic adherence was found for 63.6 percent of the patients, regular level of adherence was found for 32 percent and only 4.4 percent or patients presented with poor adherence. Influencing factors were: knowledge of the treatment, number of medications, frequency of administration, and satisfaction with the service of pharmaceutical care(AU)

Realizou-se estudo descritivo transversal, de acordo com a classificação de adesão à terapêutica, para avaliar a adesão em 250 pacientes com diagnóstico de disfunção cardíaca, registrada no departamento de saúde do município de Santiago de Cuba, em 2009. A caracterização da amostra foi estudada, com a avaliação do nível de adesão e possíveis fatores associado a sexo, idade e hábitos tóxicos. Como instrumento para o trabalho, esquematizou-se aa extração de dados e realizou-se a entrevista nas moradias dos pacientes. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem e em nível de influência dos fatores associados, determinados por meio do teste do Q quadrado. Na população sob investigação, a adesão foi maior para as mulheres da faixa etária de 67 a 82 anos, e os hábitos tóxicos foram prevalentes. Na amostra em estudo, as farmacoterapias predominantes foram digoxina, clortalidona, captopril e dinitrato de isossorbida e se observou alto nível de adesão tanto para os tratamentos farmacológicos quanto para os não-farmacológicos. Observou-se alto nível de adesão para 63,6 por cento dos pacientes, nível regular para 32 por cento 3 somente 4,4 por cento dos pacientes apresentaram baixa adesão. Os fatores que influenciaram foram conhecimento a respeito do tratamento, número de medicamentos, frequência de administração e satisfação com o serviço de atenção farmacêutica(AU)