Rates and profile of victimization in a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness.

BACKGROUND: Patients with major mental illness have an increased risk of victimization. Nevertheless, this topic was not thoroughly studied in Egyptian patients with major mental illness. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to investigate the rates of victimization and understand its profile, psycho-demographic and clinical correlates among a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 300 patients (100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 with bipolar and 100 with major depression) were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University. They were subjected to a demographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a Victimization Questionnaire (VQ). RESULTS: In our study population, 130 (43.3%) of patients were victimized, of them 52 (40%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 48 (36.9%) with bipolar disorder and 30 (23.1%) with schizophrenia. Victimization was more in female, married, unemployed individuals and those living in rural areas. Patients exposed to domestic violence or abuse during childhood had higher rates of victimization. All victimized patients were subjected to emotional victimization, 64.6% were physically victimized and 53.8% were subjected to miscellaneous types of victimization. Patients were victimized mainly by acquaintance followed by family members. The majority of patients did not report their victimization and considered it as a personal issue or not important enough to be reported. CONCLUSION: Patients with major mental illness are susceptible to significant victimization. Clinicians should explore possible history of abuse or victimization in their patients, empower and support the victimized ones.

Duration of untreated psychosis in an Egyptian sample: Sociodemographic and clinical variables.

BACKGROUND: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been considered as a poor prognostic factor for psychotic disorder. Several studies have been investigating different predictors of DUP in Western countries, while in Egypt only a few studies have examined various predictors of DUP. AIMS: To study DUP in Egyptian patients with psychotic disorders and to investigate how certain illnesses, patient, socio-cultural risk factors and help-seeking behaviour are correlated with prolonged DUP. METHOD: The sample included 100 patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis of psychotic disorder were selected and interviewed to assess DUP. They were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. RESULTS: Mean (±standard deviation ( SD)) of DUP was found to be 36.93(±45.27) months. DUP was correlated with various sociodemographic and clinical variables. Following log transformation of DUP, correlation with PANSS scores was done and revealed highly significant statistical relation of DUP to PANSS negative and PANSS positive scores. In linear regression analysis, it was found that age of patients, the age of onset, residence, being illiterate, the insidious mode of onset, negative family history of psychiatric disorder and the severity of illness as indicated by PANSS are among DUP predictors. CONCLUSION: Longer DUP results from multiple patient- and illness-related factors. This has many implications in targeting early intervention with specific consideration to cultural factors.