ABSTRACT
The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is an important site for autonomic regulation, where gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system plays an important role. The central mechanisms underlying modulatory effects of exercise training have yet to be characterized. Our objective was to analyze the effects on the autonomic modulation and hemodynamic parameters after bicuculline or muscimol injections into the PVN of sedentary (control, C) and previously submitted to swimming training (ST) rats. After ST protocol, adult male Wistar rats, instrumented with guide cannulas to PVN and femoral artery and vein catheters were submitted to mean arterial pressure (MAP) recording. The exercise training reduced the LF oscillations in normalized units and increased the HF oscillations in absolute and normalized units. Compared with the C group, muscimol microinjections in the ST group promoted a higher decrease in MAP (C=-14+/-1 vs. ST=-28+/-4 mm Hg). Spectral analysis of HR (pulse interval) showed that the muscimol microinjections also reduced LF and HF oscillations in absolute units in both groups. Bicuculline microinjections increased the systolic arterial pressure (C=155+/-5, ST=164+/-5 mm Hg) in ST compared with the C group. Bicuculline injections also increased the LF oscillations of HR in absolute units in C and ST groups. Meanwhile, in normalized units only the ST group showed an increase in the LF oscillations. Our data showed that PVN has an important role in autonomic modulation after exercise training.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Animals , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Bicuculline/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , GABA Agonists/pharmacology , GABA Antagonists/pharmacology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Male , Muscimol/pharmacology , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Spectrum Analysis , Swimming/physiology , WakefulnessABSTRACT
O tumor Walker-256 é um carcinoma de crescimento rápido e tem sido estudado sob vários aspectos metabólicos, associados ou não, à caquexia. Foi observado, em nosso laboratório, que em animais portadores de tumor Walker-256 após morte espontânea (geralmente em torno do décimo quinto dia) apresentavam edema pulmonar significativo com presença de líquido na cavidade pleural. Alguns trabalhos têm sugerido que o treinamento físico melhora a sobrevida de animais com tumor e minimiza os efeitos da caquexia. O objetivo de nosso trabalho foi o de avaliar o índice de edema pulmonar e massa muscular esquelética e cardíaca, além da sobrevida de ratos portadores de tumor Walker-256 submetidos previamente a treinamento físico por natação (N). Para este estudo, foram usados ratos Wistar machos (200 a 220g), submetidos ao treinamento físico por natação (1 hora; 5 dias/semana,4 semanas). Um dia após o treinamento, ratos sedentários (C) ou treinados (N) foram submetidos à inoculação no flanco direito de 8 x 107 células de tumor de Walker 256 (T). Imediatamente após a morte espontânea desses animais, foram avaliados o índice de edema pulmonar (IEP), a massa musculares esquelética (gastrocnêmio e soleus) e cardíaca. O edema pulmonar foi avaliado pelo índice calculado pela relação entre os pesos pulmonar e corporal de cada animal, e multiplicada por 100 (PP/PC x 100) (LEEet al., 2001). O índice de massa muscular (IMM) foi calculado de forma similar. Em animais normais,o IEP é igual a 0,53±0,02 (n=20). Em ratos portadores de tumor após a morte espontânea apresentaramIEP significativamente maior (2,62±0,31, n=18). Após o treinamento físico em animais sem tumor, oIEP foi de 0,55±0,03 (n=5). Já em animais portadores de tumor previamente treinados obteve-se umíndice de edema inferior ao grupo controle com tumor (1,46±0,16, n=5; p<0,05)...
Walker-256 tumor is a fast-growing tumor and has been studied under several metabolic aspects associated or not to cachexia. It was observed in our laboratory that animals with Walker-256 tumor,after spontaneous death (usually around the fifteenth day), showed significant pulmonary edema withfluid in the pleural cavity. Some studies have suggested that physical training improves the survival of animals with tumor and minimizes the effects of cachexia. The purpose of our work was to assess the pulmonary edema index as well as the cardiac and skeletal muscle mass, besides the survival of rats with Walker-256 tumor submitted previously to physical training through swimming (N). For this studymale Wistar rats (200 to 220 g) were used, submitted to physical training through swimming (1 hour;5 days a week, four weeks). One day after the training, sedentary rats (C) or trained ones (N) weresubmitted to inoculation on the right flank of 8 x 107 Walker-256 tumor cells (T). Immediately after spontaneous death of these animals, the pulmonary edema index (PEI), cardiac and skeletal musclemass (gastrocnemius and soleus) were evaluated. Pulmonary edema was evaluated through the indexcalculated by the relation between lung and body weights of each animal, and multiplied by 100 (PP/PCx 100) (LEE et al., 2001). Muscle mass (MM) index was calculated similarly. In normal animals the PEIis equal to 0,53±0,02 (n=20). In tumor-bearing rats after spontaneous death the PEI was significantly higher (2,62±0,31, n=18). After the physical training in rats without tumor, the PEI was 0,55±0,03 (n=5).Whereas in tumor-bearing rats previously trained, it was obtained a pulmonary edema index lower thanthat of the control group with tumor (1,46±0,16, n=5; p<0,05).
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Cachexia , Exercise , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Sepsis is characterized by systemic hypotension, hyporeactiveness to vasoconstrictors, impaired tissue perfusion, and multiple organ failure. During exercise training (ET), dynamic cardiovascular adjustments take place to maintain proper blood pressure and adjust blood supply to different vascular beds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ET protects against the cardiovascular abnormalities induced by LPS, a model of experimental endotoxemia, and to evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in pulmonary edema. Wistar rats were subjected to swimming training (up to 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks) after which their femoral artery and vein were catheterized. LPS (5 mg/kg, i.v.), injected in control (C) and trained animals (ET), promoted 3 distinct phases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). After ET the alterations in MAP were attenuated. The ET animals showed a lower pulmonary edema index (PEI) after LPS (C=0.65+/-0.01; ET=0.60+/-0.02), which was attenuated after treatment with aminoguanidine in both groups (C=0.53+/-0.02; ET=0.53+/-0.02, p<0.05). After l-NAME, PEI was enhanced numerically in the C and was statistically higher in the ET group (C=0.73+/-0.05; ET=1.30+/-0.3, p<0.05). 7-nitroindazole did not promote any alteration in either group. The adaptations promoted by ET seem to be beneficial, counteracting the cardiovascular abnormalities and pulmonary edema seen in septicemia induced by LPS. The results suggest that iNOS aggravates and cNOS protects against this pulmonary edema.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Endotoxemia/physiopathology , Heart Rate/drug effects , Motor Activity/physiology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Pulmonary Edema , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Endotoxemia/complications , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity , Lung/drug effects , Lung/pathology , Male , Motor Activity/drug effects , Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/biosynthesis , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis , Organ Size/drug effects , Pulmonary Edema/enzymology , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Swimming , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
Qualidade e eficiencia se cria e se constroi, e um processo longo que requer dedicacao e muita saude, tanto fisica quanto mental. Desse modo, toda empresa percebendo que a Qualidade Total passa pela Qualidade de Vida dos seus colaboradores, esta com certeza significativos degraus a frente dos seus concorrentes. Participaram 110 funcionarios do Setor Centro de Operacoes da empresa SERCOMTEL S. A. Este trabalho visou relacionar a prevencao do estresse ocupacional com...
Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Therapy Specialty , Occupational Health , Stress, Physiological/prevention & control , Ergonomics , Quality of Life , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/prevention & controlABSTRACT
O tema dengue foi escolhido para este trabalho, entre outros motivos, devido ao alto número de casos notificados no último veräo, na área de abrangência das Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Jardim Sabará e Vila Ricardo. O trabalho consistiu em desencadear um processo educativo da populaçäo para a prevençäo da dengue, com o combate ao mosquito transmissor, Aedes aegypti. Como frutos dessa atividade, pode-se citar o crescimento pessoal de cada integrante do grupo, amadurecimento crítico e integraçäo interdisciplinar e multiprofissional
