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1.
Heliyon ; 10(6): e28157, 2024 Mar 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38524624

ABSTRACT

Automobile exhaust releases different types of pollutants that are at great risk to the air quality of the environment and incidental distress to the nature of roadside plants. Mimusops elengi L. is an evergreen medicinal tree cultivated along the roadside of Lahore City. This research aimed to investigate physiological, morphological and genomorphic characteristics of M. elengi under the influence of air pollution from vehicles. Healthy and mature leaves were collected from trees on Canal Bank and Mall roads of Lahore as the experimental sites and control sites were 20 km away from the experimental site. Different physiochemical, morphological, air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and molecular analysis for the detection of DNA damage were performed through comet assay. The results demonstrated the mean accumulated Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni heavy metal contents on the leaves were higher than the control plants (1.27, 3.22, 1.32 and 1.46 µg mg-1). APTI of trees was 9.04. Trees in these roads significantly (p < 0.01) had a lower leaf area, petiole length and leaf dry matter content in comparison to control site. Increased comet tail showed that DNA damage was higher for roadside trees than trees in the control area. For tolerance of air pollution, it necessary to check the APTI value for the M. elengi at the polluted road side of Lahore city. For long-term screening, the source and type of pollutants and consistent monitoring of various responses given by the trees should be known.

2.
Echocardiography ; 25(1): 96-9, 2008 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18186787

ABSTRACT

Aortopulmonary (AP) window is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving a communication between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography is traditionally used in the diagnosis but has limitations. We report the usefulness of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of AP window in two newborns studied by us.


Subject(s)
Aortopulmonary Septal Defect/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Aortopulmonary Septal Defect/surgery , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male
3.
Echocardiography ; 23(10): 872-9, 2006 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17069608

ABSTRACT

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 38 adult patients with pulmonary artery hypertension of varied etiology and normal left ventricular systolic function by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed significantly reduced peak systolic strain (SS) in all three segments of left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum and two of three segments of right ventricular free wall when compared to 29 adults with no clinical or echocardiographic evidence of heart disease and normal left and right ventricular systolic function. A similar reduction in peak diastolic strain (DS) was also noted in all three segments of left ventricular free wall and ventricular septum and one of three segments of right ventricular free wall. This reduction in strain indices in patients with pulmonary hypertension was noted irrespective of whether right ventricular systolic function was normal or reduced as assessed by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. SS and DS rates also showed reductions in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension. Our study shows the potential value of TDI indices in identifying reduced regional left ventricular systolic and diastolic longitudinal function in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension and normal left ventricular systolic function by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography. This reduction in left ventricular function was noted in patients with both normal and reduced right ventricular systolic functions by two-dimensional echocardiography.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Doppler , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Diastole , Female , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure , Research Design , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke Volume , Systole , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
4.
Echocardiography ; 23(10): 880-3, 2006 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17069609

ABSTRACT

The differential diagnosis of a cardiac valve mass includes fibroelastoma, myxoma, lipoma, Lambl's excrescences, thrombus, and vegetation. Fibroelastomas are extremely rare primary cardiac tumors. Their incidence is 0.00017-0.033% in autopsy series and 0.019% in clinical series identified on echocardiography. Although rare, fibroelastomas are the most common tumors affecting the cardiac valves with aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonary valves being involved in this order. In the current report we describe a case of pulmonary valve mass in which a confident prospective diagnosis of fibroelastoma could be made utilizing the technique of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.


Subject(s)
Computer Systems , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Fibroma/diagnostic imaging , Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Valve/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Valve/pathology , Adult , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Fibroma/surgery , Heart Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Pulmonary Valve/surgery , Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency/surgery
5.
Echocardiography ; 23(9): 793-800, 2006 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16999702

ABSTRACT

We evaluated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by multiple echocardiographic techniques in 93 consecutive patients who underwent standard two-dimensional (2D) and live three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). TR vena contracta (VC) area was obtained by 3D TTE by systematic and sequential cropping of the acquired 3D TTE dataset. Assessment of VC area by 3D TTE was compared to 2D TTE measurements of the ratio of TR regurgitant jet area to right atrial area (RJA/RAA), RJA alone, VC width, and calculated VC area. VC area from 3D TTE closely correlated with RJA/RAA and RJA alone as determined from 2D TTE measurements. Live 3D TTE color Doppler measurements of VC area can be used for quantitative assessment of TR and offer incremental value for quantification of particularly severe regurgitant lesions.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alabama , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke Volume , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/epidemiology , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Right
6.
Echocardiography ; 23(7): 598-608, 2006 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16911337

ABSTRACT

We studied nine patients (five newborns and infants, two children, and two adults) with atrioventricular septal defects (four complete, one intermediate, and four partial) utilizing live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) and a 4-MHz matrix array transducer. In all patients, 3DTTE provided additional morphological and/or functional information as compared to standard two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE). 3DTTE may be a useful supplement to 2DTTE in the assessment of atrioventricular septal defects.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnostic imaging , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index
7.
Echocardiography ; 23(6): 513-8, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16839393

ABSTRACT

In this report, we present 34 patients in whom surgical intervention was undertaken for severe mitral insufficiency due to mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Location and severity of MVP and regurgitation were assessed preoperatively by live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography and closely agreed with the surgical findings.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Mitral Valve Prolapse/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
9.
Echocardiography ; 23(5): 421-7, 2006 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16686630

ABSTRACT

In this report, we present 12 patients (range 14-76 years, mean 40 +/- 22.7 years) who underwent surgical repair of a ventricular septal defect (VSD). Location, size, and surrounding anatomy of the VSD were assessed prior to intervention in all patients with live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE). In 9 patients, measurements of maximum dimension, circumference, and area by 3DTTE correlated well with the same measurements from intraoperative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic (3DTEE) reconstruction. 3DTTE measurement of maximum dimension of VSDs also agreed well with maximum dimension by surgery in 10 patients. Live/real time 3DTTE accurately defined VSD location, size, and surrounding anatomy in all patients studied by us. VSD characterization by live 3DTTE agreed well with surgery descriptions and 3DTEE measurements.


Subject(s)
Computer Systems , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Female , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results
10.
11.
Echocardiography ; 23(1): 68-72, 2006 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16412189

ABSTRACT

This is a case series on three adult patients who contain left ventricular (LV) thrombus and the incremental benefits of live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) in comparison to two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) in evaluating LV thrombi. These cases illustrate that 3DTTE is of additional benefit by demonstrating the following: (1) cropping of a single 3DTTE apical dataset may be enough to provide comprehensive assessment of the LV in a timely manner even without breath holding in a not fully cooperative patient (2) it identifies the exact point of attachment of the thrombus to the left ventricular wall, (3) helps to delineate the absence or presence of focal echolucent areas within thrombi indicative of the presence and extent of clot lysis, which may have potential therapeutic and prognostic implications, and (4) provides more accurate assessment of thrombus mobility which has prognostic indications.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Thrombosis/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Adult , Black or African American , Aged , Female , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , White People
12.
Echocardiography ; 22(10): 847-54, 2005 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16343170

ABSTRACT

We describe our experience in using live/real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) in the assessment of five adult patients with Ebstein's anomaly. The technique was found useful in assessing the distribution and extent of tethering of each of the three leaflets of the tricuspid valve (TV) to the underlying right ventricular walls and the ventricular septum. The characteristic bubble-like appearance resulting from bulging of the non-tethered areas of the TV leaflets was also well visualized in three dimensions and their size measured. Thus, an estimate of the nontethered or free segments of all three leaflets of the TV could be obtained using this technique. This has important implications when considering these patients for surgical repair of the TV. Visualization of all three leaflets of the TV and their extent of tethering by 3D TTE also made it easier to identify the boundaries of the functioning right ventricular chamber potentially providing a more reliable assessment of its volumes and ejection fraction. Cropping of color Doppler 3D TTE data sets provided en face viewing of the TV regurgitation vena contracta permitting accurate assessment of its shape and size. This has the potential to provide a more accurate quantitative estimation of TV regurgitation severity as compared to two-dimensional color Doppler. In conclusion, live/real time 3D TTE appears useful in supplementing two-dimensional echocardiography in more comprehensively assessing the morphologic features of Ebstein's anomaly.


Subject(s)
Ebstein Anomaly/diagnosis , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Ebstein Anomaly/diagnostic imaging , Female , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tricuspid Valve/abnormalities , Tricuspid Valve/diagnostic imaging
13.
Echocardiography ; 22(8): 686-9, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16174126

ABSTRACT

We describe an adult patient in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography combined with intravenous use of an echo contrast agent was useful in making a definitive diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in characterizing the nature and full extent of the hypertrophy.


Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Echocardiography/methods , Thorax/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
14.
Echocardiography ; 22(7): 611-20, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16060900

ABSTRACT

We present eight adult patients with noncompaction (four with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and four with combined left and right ventricular noncompaction) in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) demonstrated multiple, prominent myocardial trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses communicating with the ventricular cavity, and a typical honeycombing appearance. In the four patients with combined right and left ventricular noncompaction, very extensive trabeculations in the right ventricle were identified, much more than in normal or hypertrophied right ventricles. Five of the eight patients were not definitively identified to have noncompaction on two-dimensional (2D) TTE, but the diagnosis was made with 3D TTE. These cases demonstrate the potential usefulness of 3D TTE as a supplement to 2D TTE in the assessment of noncompaction.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Ventricular Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ventricular Dysfunction/complications
15.
Echocardiography ; 22(6): 533-5, 2005 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15966940

ABSTRACT

We report a case of a middle-aged woman in whom a transesophageal echocardiogram showed a mass-like lesion posteriorly near the descending thoracic aorta. We were able to make a definitive diagnosis of this mass as a hiatal hernia because of a thick inner lining measuring 6-9 mm in thickness similar to the stomach mucosa, and the presence of a few microbubbles within the mass. In addition, the microbubbles increased considerably after 10 cc of agitated normal saline flush via a nasogastric tube.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Hernia, Hiatal/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans
16.
Echocardiography ; 22(5): 445-9, 2005 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15901300

ABSTRACT

We report the usefulness of right parasternal and supraclavicular live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the delineation and follow-up of a thrombus involving a catheter placed in superior vena cava for dialysis in an adult patient with chronic renal disease.


Subject(s)
Brachiocephalic Veins , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Vena Cava, Superior , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Brachiocephalic Veins/diagnostic imaging , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Reproducibility of Results , Vena Cava, Superior/diagnostic imaging
17.
Echocardiography ; 22(4): 349-60, 2005 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15839993

ABSTRACT

In the present study, we describe the usefulness of the recently developed technique of live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of normal cardiac structures and adjacent vessels using the right parasternal and supraclavicular approaches. Examples of some abnormalities diagnosed from these approaches are also illustrated.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Cohort Studies , Female , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index
18.
Echocardiography ; 22(2): 137-43, 2005 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15693780

ABSTRACT

This preliminary study demonstrates the superiority of live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) over two-dimensional (2D) TTE in the assessment of left atrial (LA) tumors in four patients studied by us (three myxomas, one hemangioma, all subsequently pathologically proven). Because of the unique ability of live 3D TTE to systematically section and view the contents of an intracardiac mass, LA myxomas in the three patients studied could be more confidently diagnosed by noting isolated echolucent areas consistent with hemorrhage/necrosis in the tumor mass. On the other hand, a definite echolucent area was found by 2D TTE in only two of the three patients with myxoma. In the fourth patient with a hemangioma, live 3D TTE showed much more extensive and closely packed echolucencies with little solid tissue as compared to a myxoma consistent with a highly vascularized tumor. In contrast, 2D TTE demonstrated only two isolated echolucencies in the tumor suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of myxoma.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional , Echocardiography , Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Female , Heart Atria , Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myxoma/diagnostic imaging
19.
Echocardiography ; 22(3): 273-5, 2005 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15725165

ABSTRACT

We present an adult patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy status post septal myectomy in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) demonstrated two septal perforator coronary arteries opening directly into the left-ventricular outflow tract. Only one of these fistulas could be demonstrated by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE). Our case demonstrates the potential usefulness of 3D TTE as a supplement to 2D TTE in the assessment of septal coronary artery-left ventricle fistulas.


Subject(s)
Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Heart Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Heart Septum/diagnostic imaging , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/surgery , Echocardiography , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging
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