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1.
Cell Biochem Funct ; 41(8): 1016-1030, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37909689

ABSTRACT

The aim of this rapid review is to examine the research evidence that presents the effects of physical activity and exercise on Nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) gene expression and Nesfatin-1 concentration. Five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar) were searched for eligible studies from the earliest available date to August 2023. In human studies, Nesfatin-1 concentration either remains unchanged or increases after exercise training. It appears that higher exercise intensity and longer duration of training accentuate the increase of blood Nesfatin-1 concentration. The few human studies that have examined the acute response of exercise on Nesfatin-1 concentration from blood draws show conflicting results. There is a severe lack of biopsy studies in humans which warrants attention. All published animal studies have used the mouse model. The majority show that regular exercise training increases tissue NUCB2/Nesfatin-1. In some animal studies, where the effects of exercise on tissue Nesfatin-1 concentration has been seen as significant, there has been no significant effect of exercise on plasma Nesfatin-1 concentration. All animal studies evaluated the effect of endurance training except one which used resistance training. No animal studies have investigated the effects of acute exercise, which warrants investigation. In conclusion, human and animal studies have shown that physical training can increase NUCB2/Nesfatin-1, but research evidence examining the effect of acute exercise is in its infancy. In addition, future comparative studies are needed to compare the effects of different training protocols on NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 in humans and animals.


Subject(s)
Calcium-Binding Proteins , DNA-Binding Proteins , Exercise , Animals , Humans , Mice , Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression , Nucleobindins/genetics
2.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am ; 42(4): 761-770, 2022 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36265974

ABSTRACT

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, non-IgE immune-mediated reaction characterized by eosinophilic infiltration leading to esophageal dysfunction, inflammation, and potential for fibrotic remodeling. Although food allergens are generally considered the leading trigger for EoE, emerging evidence suggests that modifiable environmental factors may also play a role in the pathogenesis of EoE. This article discusses the latest data regarding the role of the exposome, microbiome, and environmental allergens on the development and ongoing inflammation of EoE, focusing on the last 10 years of relevant studies.


Subject(s)
Eosinophilic Esophagitis , Food Hypersensitivity , Humans , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/diagnosis , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/epidemiology , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/etiology , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Inflammation/complications
3.
Pediatr Int ; 64(1): e15177, 2022 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35522823

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in substantial global morbidity and mortality since late 2019. Children can be infected but the disease predominantly affects adults, and research into the acute and chronic sequelae mostly pertains to this population. This study determines the clinical and demographic parameters associated with severe acute disease and chronic complications from COVID-19 in the pediatric population. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all patients between birth and 21 years of age who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and were admitted to two tertiary care hospitals between March 1, 2020, and January 21, 2021. Markers for severe disease were defined as supplemental oxygen requirement, positive pressure ventilation, and acute chest radiograph abnormality at presentation. Chronic disease was defined as symptoms persisting >4 weeks. RESULTS: Review of 101 patients with positive SARS-CoV2 testing found 67 presentations consistent with acute symptomatic infection. Age distribution was bimodal, with predominance in infancy and adolescence. Most (75%) had an extrapulmonary comorbidity, and fewer patients (33%) had pre-existing lung disease. A history of pulmonary comorbidity and obesity was significantly associated with markers for severe disease. Long-term chronic complications were associated with history of underlying lung disease and acute severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic and clinical markers were associated with severe COVID-19 in children. Moreover, both the presence of pulmonary comorbidity and severe acute COVID-19 are associated with long-term sequelae.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Adolescent , Adult , Biomarkers , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/epidemiology , Child , Disease Progression , Humans , RNA, Viral , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Virusdisease ; 32(4): 616-624, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34337110

ABSTRACT

The nCoV-19 in a short period of time, in lower than two months has been spread as a pandemic in all over the world. This novel type of Coronavirus which shows itself with coughing, sneezing, fatigue and respiratory symptoms which is similar to cold illness has killed more than 100,000 people. However, many protocols have been established to minimize the number of infected people, but without any border and regardless the nationality, this virus has been spread in all countries. In this review, with broad mechanistic and interdisciplinary consideration the dentistry pathways of transmission, physiology, effective and available drugs and their biological inhibiting pathways have been discussed. Among many reasons that have caused higher rate of spreading, the dental services and surgeries involve to professional-patient close contacts could be seen as one of the probable pathways of transmission for this virus. According to the more recently reported literatures, the blueprint of many individual and instrumental reasons in dentistry, could be observed in nCoV-19 infection and spreading which raise the concern of the professionals about the efficiency of conventional antiviral methods. So, results of many studies attributed to the facts that the superhydrophobic antiviral materials and surfaces are potential candidates for designing dentistry instruments with more antiviral properties.

5.
Mol Biol Rep ; 48(7): 5571-5578, 2021 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34291394

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The tendency to use bioactive peptides has increased in recent decades, and research would be essential for recognizing the therapeutic effects of peptides present in animals or food resource. In this study, the in vivo antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of peptides HL-7 with the sequence of YLYELR and HL-10 with the sequence of AFPYYGHHLG were identified from scorpion venom of H. lepturus were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: To study the in vivo effects of peptides, D-galactose-induced and DOCA salt-induced mice models were used. The results of the antioxidant assay for both peptides showed that the activity of serum and liver catalase (CAT), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, was significantly decreased in the D-galactose-induced group (NC), while MDA levels were increased in serum and the liver tissue samples (p < 0.01). Compared with the D-galactose-induced mice, the peptide treated mice group had a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes namely CAT and SOD, as well as a lower lipid peroxidation level. Also, the results of antihypertensive activity for both peptides showed that systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the mice treated with the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). The administration of the HL-7 peptide at doses of 2 mg/kg BW (LP1), 5 mg/kg BW (-IP1) and 15 mg/kg BW (HP1) significantly diminished the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) by 11 mmHg, 31 mmHg and 40.47 mmHg, respectively. Accordingly, treatment of mice with the HL-10 peptide at doses of 2 mg/kg BW (LP2), 5 mg/kg BW (IP2) and 15 mg/kg BW (HP2) considerably lowered the MAP by 8 mmHg, 18.3 mmHg and 21.93 mmHg, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that both the HL-7 and HL-10 peptides could be potentially utilized as antihypertensive and antioxidant components.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Peptides/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Catalase/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Mice , Peptides/chemical synthesis , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
6.
Mol Biol Rep ; 48(4): 3827-3840, 2021 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33895972

ABSTRACT

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) as family of anti-cancer drugs recently received much attention due to their interesting anti-cancer mechanism. In spite of small drugs, RIPs use the large-size effect (LSE) to prevent the efflux process governed by drug resistance transporters (DRTs) which prevents inside of the cells against drug transfection. There are many clinical translation obstacles that severely restrict their applications especially their delivery approach to the tumor cells. As the main goal of this review, we will focus on trichosanthin (TCS) and gelonin (Gel) and other types, especially scorpion venom-derived RIPs to clarify that they are struggling with what types of bio-barriers and these challenges could be solved in cancer therapy science. Then, we will try to highlight recent state-of-the-arts in delivery of RIPs for cancer therapy.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/toxicity , Trichosanthin/toxicity , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity , Humans , Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1/therapeutic use , Scorpion Venoms/therapeutic use , Scorpion Venoms/toxicity , Sodium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Sodium Channel Blockers/toxicity , Trichosanthin/therapeutic use
7.
Iran J Psychiatry ; 14(4): 317-324, 2019 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32071606

ABSTRACT

Objective : Mental disorders are often accompanied by serious problems in personal and social communication, including marital problems. In this regard, women whose spouses have mental disorders are less likely to express their mental experiences and emotions due to the cultural barriers of the community. This study aimed to identify and explain the shared mental experiences of women whose spouses suffered from psychotic disorders. Method : This was a qualitative study with a content analysis approach. In total, 15 women whose spouses were admitted to the psychiatric ward of a hospital due to psychotic disorders were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected by conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews on experiences of women regarding their spouses' psychotic disorder. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis techniques. Results: In this study, 28 subcategories and 7 main categories (lack of intimacy, social constraints, dual emotions, confusion and mental exhaustion, fear and concern, coping strategies, and life problems) were developed. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, women whose spouses suffered from psychotic disorders experienced various psychological challenges. Therefore, it is recommended that the health care staff take such psychological challenges into consideration to design and implement effective strategies to solve the related problems.

8.
Bioorg Chem ; 75: 30-37, 2017 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28910674

ABSTRACT

The hypertension is one of the highest risk factors for stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) has an important role in the physiological regulation of cardiovascular system. ACE inhibition is a key purpose for hypertension treatment. In this study, two peptides named HL-7 with the sequence of YLYELAR (MW: 927.07Da) and HL-10 with the sequence of AFPYYGHHLG (MW: 1161.28Da) were identified from scorpion venom of H. lepturus. The inhibitory activity of HL-7 and HL-10 was examined on rabbit ACE. The inhibition mechanisms were assayed by kinetic and docking studies. The IC50 values for ACE inhibition of HL-7 and HL-10 were 9.37µM and 17.22µM, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that two peptides inhibited rabbit ACE with competitive manner. The molecular docking conformed experimental results and showed that the two peptides interacted with N-domain and C-domain active sites. Also, docking study revealed that the two peptides can form hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds at their binding sites. Both peptides had higher affinity to N-domain. Our results showed that HL-7 exhibited more strong interactions with amino acids at active site. It seems that HL-10 peptide could occupy more space, thereby inhibiting the substrate entrance to active site.


Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Peptides/chemistry , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/chemistry , Scorpions/metabolism , Venoms/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism , Animals , Binding Sites , Catalytic Domain , Hydrogen Bonding , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Kinetics , Molecular Docking Simulation , Peptides/isolation & purification , Peptides/metabolism , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Rabbits
9.
J Chromatogr A ; 1441: 52-9, 2016 Apr 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26952368

ABSTRACT

Two biologically important compounds with clinical relevance, asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine, are analyzed using aqueous normal phase chromatography on silica hydride-based columns. Two different stationary phases were tested, a commercially available Diamond Hydride™ and a 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid experimental column. Two types of analytical protocols were investigated: analysis of the compounds when separation was achieved and analysis of the compounds with partial chromatographic separation. Urine samples from tuberculosis patients were tested for levels of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine. The mass spectrometric technique of in-source fragmentation that can provide data similar to a tandem mass analyzer was evaluated as a means of identification and quantitation of the two compounds when complete separation is not achieved. This same protocol was also evaluated for two other isobaric compounds, glucose-1 and glucose-6 phohsphate, and leucine and isoleucine.


Subject(s)
Arginine/analogs & derivatives , Arginine/analysis , Arginine/urine , Case-Control Studies , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Humans , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Silicates , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/urine , Water
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