ABSTRACT
Intranasal teeth is a rare phenomenon. In order to understand it's etiology access to high-quality case reports is necessary. Given that intranasal teeth often induce morbidity through obstruction, rhinorrhoe or nasal bleeding, more rapid and effective diagnosis and treatment are needed. This article presents two case reports and a review of the literature, revealing that different methods for the removal of intranasal teeth are available. A new method is removing the tooth using endoscopy. It was suggested that this method reduces the risk of comorbidity associated with more conventional removal methods.
Subject(s)
Tooth Eruption, Ectopic/surgery , Tooth Extraction/methods , Adult , Child , Endoscopy/methods , Female , Hemorrhage/etiology , Humans , Male , Nasal Cavity/injuries , Nasal Cavity/pathology , Radiography , Tooth Eruption, Ectopic/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
The absolute bioavailability of flumequine after semisimultaneous intramuscular administration as a water-based suspension to veal calves was 92 +/- 14%. The semisimultaneous experimental design provided a reliable determination of absorption rate and demonstrated flip-flop pharmacokinetics. No period or sequence effects were detected. Calculated elimination rate, clearance, and volume of distribution after intravenous administration were comparable to values obtained from traditional design studies. The semisimultaneous experimental design proved to be valuable for the assessment of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of drugs in food-producing animals while preventing violation of basic clearance assumptions.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacokinetics , Fluoroquinolones , Quinolizines/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents/administration & dosage , Biological Availability , Cattle , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Injections, Intramuscular , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Monte Carlo Method , Quinolizines/administration & dosage , SuspensionsABSTRACT
The kinetics of l-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were studied in five volunteers after intravenous and oral administration of 5-HTP following pretreatment with carbidopa. In addition, the effect of pretreatment with carbidopa on metabolism and disposition of 5-HTP was studied in eight subjects. The kinetics of 5-HTP following a 20-minute linear infusion are adequately described by a biexponential function. The biological half-life of 5-HTP ranged from 2.2 to 7.4 hours, and the plasma clearance ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 1/kg/hour. The bioavailability of 5-HTP after oral administration in combination with carbidopa was calculated as 48% +/- 15 (mean +/- SD). The plasma concentrations of 5-HTP observed in this study displayed an unusual double peak in most subjects after oral administration. Pretreatment with carbidopa caused a significant increase in the extent of absorption of unchanged 5-HTP, and a significant reduction in the area under the plasma concentration-time curves of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Gastrointestinal side effects appeared to be related to the 5-HTP plasma concentration.
