ABSTRACT
The present study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of Neurofeedback compared to standard pharmacological intervention in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The final sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (11 boys and 12 girls, 7-14 years old). Participants carried out 40 theta/beta training sessions or received methylphenidate. Behavioral rating scales were completed by fathers, mothers, and teachers at pre-, post-treatment, two-, and six-month naturalistic follow-up. In both groups, similar significant reductions were reported in ADHD functional impairment by parents; and in primary ADHD symptoms by parents and teachers. However, significant academic performance improvements were only detected in the Neurofeedback group. Our findings provide new evidence for the efficacy of Neurofeedback, and contribute to enlarge the range of non-pharmacological ADHD intervention choices. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial with a six-month follow-up that compares Neurofeedback and stimulant medication in ADHD.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of ODD in school age children, and analyze the variability of the prevalence rates per informant, according to the sources of information, sex, age, and level of agreement between teachers and parents. This is an epidemiological study conducted using a community sample extracted by means of multi-stage stratified sampling. The sample consisted of 1,295 children of both sexes from 6 to 8 years old. For diagnostic evaluation, the Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS-IV) was used. The estimated global prevalence of ODD, detected by all sources is 16.1%. But if we consider the percentage of subjects detected by only one informant, the prevalence rate is 9.5%. The prevalence according to teachers is 5.1% (95% CI = 3.88-6.31), according to fathers is 9% (95% CI = 7.38-10.54), and according to mothers is 9.7% (95% CI = 8.02-11.29). Teachers report more boys with ODD than girls. Results support the idea of high variability in ODD prevalence rates. Our findings suggest that parents are more prone to detect the disorder than teachers, and that boys present ODD more frequently than girls, only when they are evaluated by their teachers.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Child , Faculty , Fathers/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mothers/psychology , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiology , Students/psychology , Students/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
The present study is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy of Neurofeedback compared to standard pharmacological intervention in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The final sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (11 boys and 12 girls, 7-14 years old). Participants carried out 40 theta/beta training sessions or received methylphenidate. Behavioral rating scales were completed by fathers, mothers, and teachers at pre-, post-treatment, two-, and six-month naturalistic follow-up. In both groups, similar significant reductions were reported in ADHD functional impairment by parents; and in primary ADHD symptoms by parents and teachers. However, significant academic performance improvements were only detected in the Neurofeedback group. Our findings provide new evidence for the efficacy of Neurofeedback, and contribute to enlarge the range of non-pharmacological ADHD intervention choices. To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial with a six-month follow-up that compares Neurofeedback and stimulant medication in ADHD.
Subject(s)
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/therapy , Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Neurofeedback/methods , Adolescent , Analysis of Variance , Brain Waves/physiology , Child , Educational Status , Electroencephalography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of ODD in school age children, and analyze the variability of the prevalence rates per informant, according to the sources of information, sex, age, and level of agreement between teachers and parents. This is an epidemiological study conducted using a community sample extracted by means of multi-stage stratified sampling. The sample consisted of 1,295 children of both sexes from 6 to 8 years old. For diagnostic evaluation, the Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS-IV) was used. The estimated global prevalence of ODD, detected by all sources is 16.1%. But if we consider the percentage of subjects detected by only one informant, the prevalence rate is 9.5%. The prevalence according to teachers is 5.1% (95% CI = 3.886.31), according to fathers is 9% (95% CI = 7.3810.54), and according to mothers is 9.7% (95% CI = 8.0211.29). Teachers report more boys with ODD than girls. Results support the idea of high variability in ODD prevalence rates. Our findings suggest that parents are more prone to detect the disorder than teachers, and that boys present ODD more frequently than girls, only when they are evaluated by their teachers (AU)
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/complications , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Child Behavior/psychology , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/rehabilitation , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The presence of clowns in health care settings is a program used in many countries to reduce distress in children who are undergoing surgery. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of the presence of clowns on children's distress and maladaptive behaviours while in hospital for minor surgery. The sample consisted of 61 pediatric patients (aged 3-12 years) undergoing general anesthesia for minor surgery. Participants were assigned to two groups: experimental and control group. The child's distress was assessed using FAS (Facial Affective Scale). Postoperative maladaptive behaviors were evaluated one week after surgery, using the PHBQ (Post-Hospital Behavior Questionnaire). Our results suggest that clowns are not able to reduce the child's level of distress. However, postoperative maladaptive behaviours in the experimental group decreased, but the decrease was not statistically significant. Further research is needed to determine the effects of clowns in hospitals, taking into account age, sex, parents' presence, and diverse hospital settings.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Child Behavior Disorders/prevention & control , Child, Hospitalized/psychology , Laughter Therapy , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Psychology, Child , Stress, Psychological/prevention & control , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Age Factors , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/etiology , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Child, Preschool , Fear , Female , Humans , Laughter Therapy/adverse effects , Male , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Postoperative Complications/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
La intervención de los payasos en el ámbito hospitalario es un programa para disminuir el malestar psicológico que conlleva la hospitalización infantil que se ha ido implantando en España y en otros países. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el efecto de la intervención de los payasos de hospital sobre el malestar psicológico y las conductas desadaptativas de los niños y niñas que van a ser operados. La muestra la componen 61 niños y niñas de 3 a 12 años, sometidos a intervenciones programadas de cirugía menor, y que fueron asignados al grupo experimental y control. El malestar psicológico del niño/a se evaluó utilizando la escala FAS (Facial Affective Scale). Los comportamientos desadaptativos producidos después de la cirugía se registraron utilizando el PHBQ (Post Hospital Behavior Questionnaire). Nuestros resultados indican que los payasos de hospital no fueron eficaces para reducir el nivel de malestar psicológico. Las conductas desadaptativas de los niños y niñas en el grupo experimental disminuyeron después de la operación, aunque no alcanzaron la significación. Es necesario realizar más estudios que determinen los efectos de los payasos de hospital, teniendo en cuenta la edad, el sexo, la presencia de los padres y los diferentes contextos de hospitalización (AU)
The presence of clowns in health care settings is a program used in many countries to reduce distress in children who are undergoing surgery. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of the presence of clowns on childrens distress and maladaptive behaviours while in hospital for minor surgery. The sample consisted of 61 pediatric patients (aged 3-12 years) undergoing general anesthesia for minor surgery. Participants were assigned to two groups: experimental and control group. The childs distress was assessed using FAS (Facial Affective Scale). Postoperative maladaptive behaviors were evaluated one week after surgery, using the PHBQ (Post-Hospital Behavior Questionnaire). Our results suggest that clowns are not able to reduce the childs level of distress. However, postoperative maladaptive behaviours in the experimental group decreased, but the decrease was not statistically significant. Further research is needed to determine the effects of clowns in hospitals, taking into account age, sex, parents presence, and diverse hospital settings (AU)
