ABSTRACT
Intrajejunal administration to mice of a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene induced IgA antibody in nasal, gut, and vaginal secretions. It also induced IgG antibody in serum and cell-mediated immunity. The immunization provided significant protection against an influenza virus challenge. This work suggests that enteric-coated recombinant vaccinia could be an orally administered, inexpensive, multivalent, temperature-stable, safe, and effective vaccine for children that could be particularly useful in developing nations, where multiple injections are not easily administered. Oral administration of vaccines should also reduce children's fear of shots at the doctor's office.
Subject(s)
Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Antigens, Viral/administration & dosage , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Female , Immunity, Cellular , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/immunology , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology , Tablets, Enteric-Coated , Vaccines, Synthetic , Vaccinia virusSubject(s)
Cicatrix/metabolism , Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis , Influenza Vaccines/pharmacology , Nasopharynx/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/pharmacology , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Animals , Cicatrix/immunology , Cross Reactions , Female , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Influenza Vaccines/genetics , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Nasal Cavity/immunology , Stimulation, Chemical , Vaccination , Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Synthetic/geneticsABSTRACT
Mice were injected with immune serum to vaccinia and/or influenza virus and then immunized by scarification with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the influenza haemagglutinin H1. The serum IgG antibody response to the foreign gene product, influenza H1, was suppressed by the passively administered anti-influenza antibody in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-vaccinia antibody alone had no effect on the anti-haemagglutinin antibody response to the recombinant vaccinia and did not suppress an anti-vaccinia antibody response. Secondary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing of influenza virus-infected target cells was relatively low in all animals that were immunized with the recombinant vaccinia, and showed some dose-dependent suppression by the passively administered antibody. The dose dependence of the inhibition suggests that while immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses may not be effective at birth, they may be useful at several months of age.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis , Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology , Immunization, Passive , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology , Vaccinia virus/immunology , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Cells, Cultured , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus , Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , VaccinationABSTRACT
To compare the efficacy and duration of the immune response to local and systemic vaccination, Balb/c mice were vaccinated either intraperitoneally (i.p.) with an inactivated A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) vaccine or intranasally (i.n.) with a vaccinia recombinant containing the H1 gene of influenza. The i.p. inactivated vaccine stimulated high serum IgG anti-influenza titres and protected the lungs against viral challenge for the duration of the experiment (17 months). Little nasal wash IgA was induced and the noses were susceptible to challenge. Animals vaccinated i.n. with the recombinant had lower serum IgG titres and the lungs showed poor protection against challenge. Nasal wash IgA titres were higher, however, and the noses were largely protected from viral challenge for 17 months.