Binding Analysis of Functionalized Multimode Optical-Fiber Sandwich-like Structure with Organic Polymer and Its Sensing Application for Humidity and Breath Monitoring.

In recent years, the chemical modification of optical fibers (OFs) has facilitated the manufacture of sensors because OFs can identify several analytes present in aqueous solutions or gas phases. Nevertheless, it is imperative better to understand the chemical interactions in this molecular system to generate low-cost and efficient sensors. This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of organic polymeric functionalized OF structures and proposes a cost-effective alternative to monitor breathing and humidity. The device is based on silicon optical fibers functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and alginate. The theoretical analysis is carried out to validate the activation of the silicon dioxide fiber surface; moreover, the APTES-alginate layer is discussed. The computational simulation suggests that water can be absorbed by alginate, specifically by the calcium atom linked to the carboxylic acid group of the alginate. The analysis also demonstrates a higher electrostatic interaction between the water and the OF-APTES-alginate system; this interaction alters the optical fiber activated surface's refractive index, resulting in transmission power variation. The humidity analysis shows a sensitivity of 3.1288 mV/RH, a time response close to 25 s, and a recovery time around 8 s. These results were achieved in the range of 50 to 95% RH. Moreover, the recovery and response time allow the human breath to be studied. The proposed mechanism or device is competitive with prior works, and the components involved made this sensor a cost-effective alternative for medical applications.

El embarazo adolescente en la deserción escolar de una comunidad indígena del noreste del estado de Guanajuato, México / Adolescent pregnancy in dropping out of an indigenous community in the northeast of the state of Guanajuato, Mexico

La adolescencia es una etapa de cambios tanto físicos como emocionales, en cual ocurren embarazos, los cuales son un problema de salud pública y tienen mayor incidencia en poblaciones de recursos económicos bajos, con poco acceso a los servicios de salud y educación, como lo son las comunidades indígenas. Un embarazo a temprana edad es una responsabilidad para la mujer que lo presenta pues tiene que enfrentar a una sociedad llena de prejuicios, la consecuencia principal a esta edad es abandonar temporal o definitivamente sus estudios para tomar la responsabilidad de esta nueva situación. OBJETIVO: Conocer cuáles son los factores que influyen en la deserción escolar de madres adolescentes en una comunidad indígena. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo, se estudió una muestra de 16 madres adolescentes de entre 15 y 20 años, se utilizó una ficha de información donde se identifican las causas principales por las que se origina la deserción escolar respetando en todo momento la autonomía, justicia, beneficencia y no maleficencia. RESULTADOS: La causa principal fue la falta de recursos económicos, seguido por la pérdida de interés por los estudios y el cuidar a su hijo. CONCLUSIÓN: La falta de recursos económicos y la responsabilidad de un nuevo ser son la causa principal para abandonar la escuela, debido a las responsabilidades nuevas que acaba de adquirir, no logrando la adaptación al nuevo cambio.

Adolescence is a stage of physical and emotional changes, in which pregnancies occur, which are a public health problem and have a greater incidence in populations with low economic resources, with little access to health and education services, as are the indigenous communities. A pregnancy at a young age is a responsibility for the woman who presents it because she has to face a society full of prejudices, the main consequence at this age is to temporarily or permanently leave school to take responsibility for this new situation. OBJECTIVE: Knowing the factors that influence the dropout of adolescent mothers in an indigenous community. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative, transversal and descriptive study was carried out, we studied a sample of 16 adolescent mothers between 15 and 20 years old, an information sheet was used to identify the main causes of school dropout, respecting autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence at all times. RESULTS: The main cause was thelack of economic resources followed by the loss of interest in the studies and caring for their child. CONCLUSION: The lack of economic resources and the responsibility of a new being are the main cause to leave school, due to the new responsibilities that have just acquired, not achieving the adaptation to the new change.