ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction (GID) is one of the leading causes of nonavoidable discontinuing or delayed enteral feeding in critically ill patients. The ultrasound meal accommodation test (UMAT) has been used in ambulatory patients to evaluate dyspepsia. The objective of this study was to determine differences in the UMAT scores of critically ill patients with and without feeding intolerance (FI). METHODS: A prospective, observational, two-centre study was conducted between June and August 2019. We included subjects who met the criteria for enteral nutrition. Patients and their subrogates provided signed consent for intervention. The independent variables were cross-sectional area (CSA) and calculated gastric volume (CGV). Dependent variables were changes in the UMAT at Time 1 and Time 2 and gastric residue in those with and without FI. After that, patients were divided into two groups, depending on the development of GID over the following 48 h after inclusion in the study group A, subjects without FI; and group B, subjects with FI. According to the normal distribution in parametric or non-parametric tests. Differences between groups were determined using a Student's T-test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was established for the statistical difference between groups. At 60 min, a change cut-off point of 52% has a sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 88.9%, a positive likelihood ratio of 4.50 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.56. With a pretest probability of 85% for feeding tolerance in intensive care unit patients, the posttest probability increased to 96% with a positive test with the ΔCSA. RESULTS: 61 patients were included in the study; 52 (85%) in Group A and 9 (15%) in Group B. However, at time 0 (fasting), there were statistical differences in CSA and CGV between groups (p = 0.001). During Time 1 (dynamic changes), there were statistical differences between the groups (p = 0.008 for CSA and p = 0.011 for CGV). At time 3 (Delta), there were statistical differences between groups at minute 10 (p = 0.023 for CSA and p = 0.008 for CGV). CONCLUSION: Our study showed statistical differences in the UMAT test between patients with and without FI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trials registry NCT03851354. February 22, 2019.
Subject(s)
Critical Illness , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Critical Care , Enteral Nutrition , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Resumen: La tromboelastometría evalúa los cambios viscoelásticos en el proceso de coagulación. Nos ofrece una representación gráfica de la formación del coágulo, la estabilidad del mismo y la presencia de lisis. La tromboelastometría rotacional es una herramienta diagnóstica que representa de forma gráfica la funcionalidad del coágulo para un manejo dirigido e individualizado de la coagulopatía asociada a hemorragia. En este trabajo se puntualiza cómo la tromboelastometría rotacional es a la coagulación como el electrocardiograma es al corazón.
Abstract: Thromboelastometry evaluates viscoelastic changes in the coagulation process. It offers us a graphic representation of the formation of the clot, its stability and the presence of lysis. Rotational thromboelastometry is a diagnostic tool that graphs the functionality of the clot, for a targeted and individualized management of bleeding-associated coagulopathy. In this work it is specified how rotational thromboelastometry is to coagulation as the electrocardiogram is to the heart.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: La enfermad por el virus de SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19 tiene un alto índice de contagio y transmisibilidad que sobrepasa los sistemas de salud en el mundo. En México se cuentan 1,771,740 casos positivos, 150,273 defunciones y 204,070 contagios, de esas defunciones 2,687 corresponden al personal de salud. La intubación orotraqueal representa uno de los eventos con mayor riesgo de contagio, es por ello que es imperativo el uso de equipo de protección personal así como de distintas acciones a tomar durante la intubación orotraqueal por parte del equipo.
Abstract: The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 virus has a high rate of contagion and transmissibility, surpassing the health systems in the world. In Mexico there are 1'771,740 positive cases, 150,273 deaths, 204,070 infections, and 2,687 of these deaths represent health personnel. Orotracheal intubation represents one of the events with the highest risk of contagion, which is why the use of personal protective equipment is imperative, as well as different attitudes to be taken during orotracheal intubation by the team.
Resumo: A doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 ou COVID-19 apresenta alto índice de contágio e transmissibilidade, superando os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. No México, há 1.771,740 casos positivos, 150,273 mortes, 204,070 infecções e 2,687 dessas mortes representam pessoal de saúde. A intubação orotraqueal representa um dos eventos de maior risco de contágio, por isso o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual é imprescindível, assim como as diferentes atitudes a serem tomadas durante a intubação orotraqueal pela equipe.
ABSTRACT
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov-2) is a clinical entity generated by this new virus a Coronavirus (COVID-19). Disease called COVID-19 (CoronaVIrus Disease 2019) by the World Health Organization. Its presentation is acute respiratory failure characterized by hyperinflation of the lung that leads to an increase in capillaries and epithelial permeability, with loss of ventilation of lung tissue and increases lung stiffness. These disturbances lead to imbalances between ventilation and perfusion ratio, which ultimately result in hypoxemia and impaired carbon dioxide clearance. For this review, a search of PubMed and Trip Database was performed. Due to the scarcity of publications, a specific search algorithm was not used. The objective is to review, the evidence and the recommendations of national and international experts, of the hemodynamic and ventilatory management of these patients.
El coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2, conocido previamente como nCoV-2019) es el agente causal de una nueva enfermedad denominada COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Su presentación es la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda caracterizada por una hiperinflación del pulmón que conduce a un incremento de los capilares y permeabilidad epitelial, con pérdida de la aireación de tejido pulmonar e incremento de la rigidez pulmonar. Estas alteraciones conducen a desequilibrios entre la ventilación y la relación de perfusión, que finalmente resultan en hipoxemia y deterioro de la depuración de dióxido de carbono. Para la presente revisión se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed y Trip Database. Debido a la escasez de publicaciones no se utilizó un algoritmo de búsqueda específico. El objetivo es dar a conocer, de acuerdo con la evidencia y las recomendaciones de expertos nacionales e internacionales, el manejo hemodinámico y ventilatorio de estos pacientes.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Hemodynamics , Respiration , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/physiopathology , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Humans , Hypoxia/etiology , Lung/pathology , Phenotype , Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic , Prone Position/physiology , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Severity of Illness Index , Supine Position/physiology , Time Factors , Ultrasonography , Ventilator Weaning , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosisABSTRACT
Resumen: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es altamente contagiosa; su transmisión se efectúa predominantemente por propagación de gotas. De esta manera, los procedimientos durante el manejo inicial de la vía aérea y de las áreas críticas pueden generar gotas y aerosoles que incrementan el riesgo de transmisión. El propósito de este documento es realizar una recopilación reunida a corto plazo que pueda asesorar sobre el manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes infectados por COVID-19; este documento está diseñado para adaptarse de acuerdo con las políticas y guías locales.
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious. Transmission is predominantly by droplet spread. Procedures during the initial handling of the airway and critical areas can generate drops and aerosols that increase the risk of transmission. The aim of this paper is to review the recommendations and guidelines related to airway management in patient infected by SARS-Cov-2.
