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1.
J Pathol ; 240(2): 224-34, 2016 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27447534

ABSTRACT

p53 (TP53) is the most frequently mutated gene in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin and head and neck. Certain p53 mutations are oncogenic and promote invasion and metastasis in SCCs. However, it is unclear how the oncogenic function of mutant p53 is modulated by other molecular alterations that co-exist in SCCs. Here, we show that deletion of the p53 gene and activation of an endogenous p53(R172H) gain-of-function mutation in the skin induce carcinomas with similar kinetics and penetrance. Deletion of p53 induced primarily well-differentiated SCCs. However, most of the tumours induced by p53(R172H) were poorly differentiated SCCs, the only metastatic tumours in this model. These tumours expressed higher levels of cyclin D1 than the well-differentiated SCCs and spindle carcinomas that developed in these mice. Unexpectedly, metastasis was not observed in mice that developed spindle carcinomas, which expressed high levels of the tumour suppressors p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf) , encoded by Cdkn2a, a gene frequently deleted in human SCCs. Remarkably, deletion of the Cdkn2a gene in p53(R172H) -induced SCCs promoted a dramatic increase in metastasis rates and a shorter survival in mice that developed these tumours, compared with those observed in mice with tumours in which Cdkn2a was deleted in the presence of a p53 loss-of-function mutation or wild-type p53. Accordingly, the survival of patients with head and neck SCCs bearing co-occurring high-risk p53 mutations and CDKN2A homozygous deletions was much shorter than that of patients with tumours in which high-risk p53 mutations did not contain CDKN2A homozygous deletions, or that of patients with tumours in which homozygous CDKN2A deletions co-existed with either low-risk p53 mutations or potential loss-of-function mutations in p53. These findings genetically identify a population of SCC patients with worst outcomes and will help to predict outcomes according to the p53 status and alterations in CDKN2A. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics , Mutation , Neoplasm Metastasis/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Animals , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism , Databases, Genetic , Gene Deletion , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Mice , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Survival Rate , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
2.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 13(2): 1153-1168, jul. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785386

ABSTRACT

Nuestro objetivo central en esta investigación fue describir cualitativamente la categoría argumentación metacognitiva en estudiantes de básica secundaria, con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 16 años. Seguimos un enfoque cualitativo en el que diseñamos tres escenarios en perspectiva CTS para la recolección de la información. Los resultados derivados del análisis de la información nos permitieron, a manera de conclusiones, caracterizar tres tendencias en la expresión de la argumentación metacognitiva: a) a partir del sentir-pensar-actuar, b) las centradas en el conocimiento y, c) las centradas en la perspectiva ética de los estudiantes y las estudiantes. Debido al potencial de la categoría aquí investigada en función del logro de aprendizajes en profundidad en ciencias, sería pertinente que futuros estudios profundizaran en la comprensión de las interacciones entre argumentación y metacognición, y enfatizaran en relación a cómo desarrollarla en el aula...


Subject(s)
Humans , Education , Teaching
3.
Parasit Vectors ; 7: 576, 2014 Dec 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25526740

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 has had a devastating impact on wild Norwegian stocks of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., and it is the only Office International des Epizooties (OIE) listed parasitic pathogen of fish. The UK is presently recognised as G. salaris-free, and management plans for its containment and control are currently based on Scandinavian studies. The current study investigates the susceptibility of British salmonids to G. salaris, and determines whether, given the host isolation since the last glaciation and potential genetic differences, the populations under test would exhibit different levels of susceptibility, as illustrated by the parasite infection trajectory over time, from their Scandinavian counterparts. METHODS: Populations of S. salar, brown trout Salmo trutta L., and grayling Thymallus thymallus (L.), raised from wild stock in UK government hatcheries, were flown to Norway and experimentally challenged with a known pathogenic strain of G. salaris. Each fish was lightly anaesthetised and marked with a unique tattoo for individual parasite counting. A single Norwegian population of S. salar from the River Lærdalselva was used as a control. Parasite numbers were assessed every seven days until day 48 and then every 14 days. RESULTS: Gyrodactylus salaris regularly leads to high mortalities on infected juveniles S. salar. The number of G. salaris on British S. salar rose exponentially until the experiment was terminated at 33 days due to fish welfare concerns. The numbers of parasites on S. trutta and T. thymallus increased sharply, reaching a peak of infection on days 12 and 19 post-infection respectively, before declining to a constant low level of infection until the termination of the experiment at 110 days. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of S. trutta and T. thymallus to carry an infection for long periods increases the window of exposure for these two hosts and the potential transfer of G. salaris to other susceptible hosts. This study demonstrates that G. salaris can persist on S. trutta for longer periods than previously thought, and that the role that S. trutta could play in disseminating G. salaris needs to be considered carefully and factored into management plans and epidemics across Europe.


Subject(s)
Cestode Infections/veterinary , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Platyhelminths/physiology , Salmo salar/parasitology , Animals , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Cestode Infections/pathology , Disease Susceptibility , Europe , Fish Diseases/pathology , United Kingdom
4.
J Pathol ; 225(4): 479-89, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21952947

ABSTRACT

Mutations in p53 occur in over 50% of the human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCHN). The majority of these mutations result in the expression of mutant forms of p53, rather than deletions in the p53 gene. Some p53 mutants are associated with poor prognosis in SCCHN patients. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine the poor outcome of cancers carrying p53 mutations are unknown. Here, we generated a mouse model for SCCHN and found that activation of the endogenous p53 gain-of-function mutation p53$^{\rm{R172H}}$, but not deletion of p53, cooperates with oncogenic K-ras during SCCHN initiation, accelerates oral tumour growth, and promotes progression to carcinoma. Mechanistically, expression profiling of the tumours that developed in these mice and studies using cell lines derived from these tumours determined that mutant p53 induces the expression of genes involved in mitosis, including cyclin B1 and cyclin A, and accelerates entry in mitosis. Additionally, we discovered that this oncogenic function of mutant p53 was dependent on K-ras because the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin A decreased, and entry in mitosis was delayed, after suppressing K-ras expression in oral tumour cells that express p53$^{\rm{R172H}}$. The presence of double-strand breaks in the tumours suggests that oncogene-dependent DNA damage resulting from K-ras activation promotes the oncogenic function of mutant p53. Accordingly, DNA damage induced by doxorubicin also induced increased expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin A in cells that express p53$^{\rm{R172H}}$. These findings represent strong in vivo evidence for an oncogenic function of endogenous p53 gain-of-function mutations in SCCHN and provide a mechanistic explanation for the genetic interaction between oncogenic K-ras and mutant p53.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Gene Deletion , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genes, p53/genetics , Genes, ras/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation , Animals , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Damage , Disease Models, Animal , Disease Progression , Gene Knock-In Techniques , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Mice , Mitosis/genetics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
5.
High Alt Med Biol ; 9(2): 130-9, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18578644

ABSTRACT

Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and high altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH) have been well described in different mountainous regions of the world as chronic high altitude (HA) diseases. This review briefly summarizes the available data from some genes known to be regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and/or by hypoxia that have been studied in populations from these regions suffering from CMS and/or HAPH. Excessive erythrocytosis, caused by a lower oxygen saturation and hypoxic ventilatory response and/or ventilatory inefficiency, is the outstanding sign of CMS, and right ventricular enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, and remodeling of pulmonary arterioles are hallmarks of HAPH. Familial character and heritability studies have suggested that genetic factors could make a contribution to the pathogenesis of CMS and HAPH. Even though some alleles are more prevalent (G allele of eNOS polymorphism Glu298Asp in Sherpas and ACE I allele in HAPH Kyrgyz) or less prevalent (ACE D allele in HA Andeans) in the different high altitude populations, published data to date are insufficient for a rigorous test of any hypothesis regarding the implications of these gene polymorphims in CMS or HAPH.


Subject(s)
Acclimatization/genetics , Altitude Sickness/genetics , Gene Expression , Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics , Hypoxia/genetics , Alleles , Altitude , Chronic Disease , Humans , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Phosphoglycerate Kinase/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
6.
Int J Surg Pathol ; 14(2): 163-9, 2006 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16703182

ABSTRACT

All forms of cutaneous lymphomas are rare in children. Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (EMZBL)/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are unusual neoplasms in children and young adults. We report a case of an EMZBL/MALT lymphoma of the lip in a previously healthy 14-year-old boy without immunodeficiency, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and documentation of clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. Additionally, we present a review of the differential diagnosis of skin and mucosal lymphoid proliferations in childhood.


Subject(s)
Lip Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Diagnosis, Differential , Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lip Neoplasms/genetics , Lip Neoplasms/metabolism , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics , Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/metabolism , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
7.
Haematologica ; 90(1): 13-9, 2005 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15642663

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Millions of people live above an altitude of 2,500 m and are at risk of chronic mountain sickness (CMS), a disorder of excessive red cell and hemoglobin production. Preferential ethnic backgrounds, familial character, and heritability studies have suggested that genetic factors make a major contribution to the pathogenesis of CMS, thus our goals were to exploit a probable founder or population admixture effect in the Andean population to determine the genetic determinants of the extreme erythropoietic responses and CMS. DESIGN AND METHODS: The association of functional candidate genes with severe polycythemia was studied in Andean subjects from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (altitude 4,438 m). We used microsatellites linked to candidate genes known to be involved in hypoxia sensing and erythropoiesis: erythropoietin, erythropoietin-receptor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1a, von Hippel-Lindau, prolyl hydroxylase domain containing 1, 2, 3, and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten. Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to test the effect of genotypes on hemoglobin values. RESULTS: Case-control comparisons revealed no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies at any marker. Initial analysis, with age as a covariate, showed a possible association between PHD3 (marker D14S1049) and severe polycythemia (p=0.05). After the inclusion of alternative co-variates and after adjusting for multiple comparisons, no p values could be considered statistically significant. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not find evidence of associations between the polymorphisms linked to the candidate genes and severe polycythemia; this does not, however, exclude that variations in these genes contribute to polycythemia and possibly CMS.


Subject(s)
Altitude Sickness/epidemiology , Altitude Sickness/genetics , Adult , Altitude Sickness/blood , Chronic Disease , Erythropoiesis/genetics , Female , Gene Frequency , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Heterozygote , Humans , Male , Microsatellite Repeats , Middle Aged , Peru/epidemiology , Phenotype , Polycythemia/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic
8.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 7(4): 25-32, dic. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-363831

ABSTRACT

El sarcoma alveolar de partes blandas es una neoplasia y enigmática, cuya histogénesis es controversial.Se analiza un caso con la imagen característica histológico de cristales intracitoplasmáticos y se revisan casos diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre 1996 y 2003 con énfasis en las características morfológicas e inmunofenotípicas.


Subject(s)
Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part , Soft Tissue Neoplasms
9.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 6(Jun.): 1-4, 2003.
Article in Spanish | COLNAL, LILACS | ID: biblio-1010370

ABSTRACT

¿Podemos intentar visualizar, pensar siquiera un ser humano que surgiera de la nada, sin un proceso de construcción y desarrollo previos? ¿Podemos contemplar un neonato sin pensar que tenemos ante nosotros el fruto o combinación de dos seres e incluso dejar de proyectarnos de una manera casi inmediata a lo que probablemente será en un futuro? Lo más seguro es que la respuesta a estas preguntas sea no, porque es propio del ser humano cuestionarse por sus orígenes y por los factores que contribuyeron al logro del estado en el que se encuentra, a la vez que cuestionarse por su porvenir y la gama de posibilidades que puede llegar a tener frente a sí.


Can we try to visualize, even think of a human being that emerges from nothing, without a process of previous construction and development? Can we contemplate a newborn without thinking that we have before us the fruit or combination of two beings and even stop projecting ourselves in an almost immediate way to what it will probably be in the future? The safest thing is that the answer to these questions is no, because it is the human being's question to question their origins and the factors that contributed to the achievement of the state in which they are, while questioning their future and range of possibilities that you may have in front of you.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Developmental , Psychology, Social , Cultural Evolution , Professional Training , Human Development
10.
Poiésis (En línea) ; 3(Oct.): 1-2, 2001.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1006746

ABSTRACT

Formar profesionales con sensibilidad humano ­ social y espíritu crítico, capaces de interpretar e intervenir en la solución de situaciones conflictivas grupales, institucionales y comunitarias..." es uno de los objetivos básicos que la Funlam se ha trazado para el Programa de Psicología con énfasis en Psicología social. Y mi propósito al escribir este ensayo, es el de compartir algunas reflexiones que surgen en torno a dicho objetivo


To train professionals with human - social sensitivity and critical spirit, capable of interpreting and intervening in the solution of conflictive situations, group, institutional and community ... "is one of the basic objectives that the Funlam has been designed for the Psychology Program with emphasis in Social Psychology. And my purpose in writing this essay, is to share some reflections that arise around this objective


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social , Psychology/trends , Professional Training
11.
Sucre; s.n; 2001. 58 p. ilus, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: biblio-1326172
12.
Acta méd. colomb ; 20(1): 31-42, ene.-feb. 1995. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-183362

ABSTRACT

La peritonitis sigue siendo la complicación más frecuente de la diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria continua (DPAC). 146 pacientes presentaron 224 episodios de perironitis durante el período de seguimiento de 3217 meses. En 105 de 212 episodios descritos se informó un cultivo positivo; en 51 se identificaron gérmenes Gram positivos (con mayor frecuencia Staphylococcus aureus), en 37 Gram negativos (Pseudomona aeruginosa más frecuente), en 11 casos dos gérmenes y en 6 casos hongos. Se obtuvo buen cubrimeinto contra Staphylococci. La respuesta inicial en los casos de peritonitis por Gram negativos sólo se observó en 48 por ciento de los casos. La probabilidad de desarrollar el primero, segundo, tercero y cuarto episodios de peritonitis fue de 89, 66, 41 y 23 por ciento respectivamente a los 36 meses de seguimineto. Se encontró que la peritonitis puede ser responsable de fallas en el método de tratamiento. El recuento leucocitario en el líquido de dializado no predijo la severidad de los episodios de peritonitis en el estudio. La administración de cefalotina como monoterapia en los casos asintomáticos y terapia combinada de cefalotina mas trobramicina en los sintomáticos permitieron una curación en 78 por ciento de los episodios. La ceftazidima es una buena alternativa para el manejo de las peritonitis por Gram negativos. Las observaciones que contribuyan a la prevención o curación de los casos de peritonitis en DPAC pueden ayudar a contrarestar el impacto negativo que las peritonitis ocasionan en estos programas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/mortality , Peritonitis/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
13.
Acta andin ; 4(2): 89-94, 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-187055

ABSTRACT

La gallina doméstica (Gallus gallus) fue inducida en Sud-América con la conquista española. Esta (Gal-NM), presenta una baja afinidad de la hemoglobina por el O2 (Hb-O2) e hipereritremia. Sin embargo hemos encontrado en Taraco (Puno, 4,000 m), y reproducido a nivel del mar, un grupo de gallinas con una alta afinidad de la Hb-O2 y ausencia de la hiperetremia (Gal-ALT). La afinidad de la Hb-O2(P50) fue determinada por el método de las mezclas en sangre total y en Hb libre de fosfatos (Hb-Lavada) antes y despúes de la adición de inositol hexafosfato (IHP) . La adición de la IHP se comportó de manera diferente en las dos hemoglobinas lavadas. La diferencia (Hb-lavada-Hb+IHP) fue 42.2 torr para Gal-NM y 26.3 torr para Gal-ALT, lo que es una indicación de que Hb de la Gal-ALT es fosfato-dependiente. Una mutación, Thr-->Ser, encontrada en la posición 69 de la cadena ß podría haber inducido la fosfato-dependencia. Nuestro hallazgo muestra un cambio en la función de la Hb, adquirido en un período evolutivo extremadamente corto de aproximadamente 500 años; muestra también, que individuos de una misma especie, que viven a NM y en la altura, pueden diferenciarse genéticamente mediante un cambio en la función de la Hb como reflejo de un cambio en su estructura.


Subject(s)
Animals , Altitude Sickness/veterinary , Hemoglobins/genetics , Hemoglobins/physiology , Phytic Acid/blood , Phytic Acid , Altitude Sickness/genetics , Mutation/genetics
14.
Acta méd. colomb ; 19(3): 125-31, mayo-jun. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-292817

ABSTRACT

Se describen 11 casos de peritonitis en pacientes sometidos a diálisis peritoneal ambulatoria continua (CAPD) causados por Acinetobacter calcoaceticus en un grupo de 129 pacientes durante 2784 meses. El Acinetobacter calcoaceticus fue responsable de 6.4 por ciento de los 172 episodios de peritonitis registrados durante el período de seguimiento. Se registraron síntomas sistémicos con fiebre,náuseas, vómito y líquido hemático de dializado en 10 casos. La respuesta al tratamiento fue pobre y en cinco (45 por ciento) fue necesario retirar el catéter de diálisis por la falta de respuesta al tratamiento.En seis casos se demostró la presencia de un segundo germen durante la evolución de la peritonitis por Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, en tres Candida albicans, Hafnia alvei, Pseusomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus en un caso cada uno. Los 11 episodios de peritonitis causaron 82 días de hospitalización en siete pacientes. La sensibilidad a los antibióticos fue pobre, ninguno sensible a ampicilina, entre las cefalosporinas sólo la ceftazidima fue eficaz in vitro; la amicacina, latobramicina y las quinolonas, mostraron aceptable cubrimiento contra el Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Comparativamente con otras peritonitis registradas en el grupo, ésta en promedio más días de hospitalización y retiros de catéter de diálisis por falta de respuesta, siendo superada sólo por la causada por Candida albicans. La asociación con otros gérmenes merece mayor investigación, al igual que se debe tratar de comprender mejor la colonización del orificio de salida del catéter por Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, un germen capaz de producir una peritonitis severa y en muchos casos conduce al paciente a ser retirado del programa de CAPD por falla en el tratamiento


Subject(s)
Humans , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/growth & development , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/pathogenicity , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/physiology , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/adverse effects , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/methods , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Peritonitis/epidemiology , Peritonitis/etiology
15.
Rev. mex. oftalmol ; 61(5): 269-71, sept.-oct. 1987. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-95515

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso de histiocitoma fibroso maligno de la órbita de un masculino de un año de edad, originario de Amatlán, municipio de Córdoba, Ver.; se hacen las consideraciones clínicas, quirúrgicas y consejo genético pertinente para el caso. Se señala que es el primer caso reportado en México.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/etiology , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/physiopathology , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/therapy , Eye/abnormalities , Eye/surgery , Blepharitis , Cleft Palate , Hypohidrosis , Keratitis , Ectodermal Dysplasia , Eyelids/abnormalities , Eyelids/surgery
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