QTRAP LC/MS/MS of Garlic Nanoparticles and Improving Sunflower Oil Stabilization during Accelerated Shelf Life Storage.

The purpose of this research was to assess and utilize the bioactive compounds of garlic nanoparticles (Ga-NPs) as a natural antioxidant in sunflower oil (SFO) stored at 65 ± 1 °C for 24 days. The garlic nanoparticles (Ga-NPs) from the Balady cultivar were prepared, characterized, and added to SFO at three concentrations: 200, 600, and 1000 ppm (w/v), and they were compared with 600 ppm garlic lyophilized powder extract (Ga-LPE), 200 ppm BHT, 200 ppm α-tocopherol, and SFO without Ga-NPs (control). The QTRAP LC/MS/MS profile of Ga-NPs revealed the presence of four organosulfur compounds. Ga-NPs exhibited the highest capacity for phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant compounds. In Ga-NP SFO samples, the values of peroxide, p-anisidine, totox, conjugated dienes, and conjugated trienes were significantly lower than the control. The antioxidant indices of SFO samples containing Ga-NPs were higher than the control. The Ga-NPs enhanced the sensory acceptability of SFO treatments up to day 24 of storage. The shelf life of SFO treated with Ga-NPs was substantially increased (presuming a Q10 amount). The results show that Ga-NPs are a powerful antioxidant that improves SFO stability and extends the shelf life (~384 days at 25 °C).

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum) By-Products for Stability and Shelf Life Improvement of Refined Olive Oil.

The by-product of sesame seed coats from the tahini industry was used for the extraction of bioactive compounds as novel antioxidants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a natural antioxidant on the quality of refined olive oil (ROO) stored at 60 ± 1 °C for up to 48 days. The lyophilized sesame seed coats extract (LSSCE) was placed into fresh ROO at three levels, i.e., 200, 400, and 600 mg kg-1, and compared with 200 mg kg-1 BHT (reference) and without antioxidant (control). LSSCE exhibited high phenolic (105.9 mg GAE g-1) and lignin (6.3 mg g-1) contents as well as antioxidant activity based on HPLC/DAD. In ROO samples, Including LSSCE, the values of peroxide, p-anisidine, K232, and K270 were remarkably lower than control during storage. The kinetic rate constant (k) of oxidation indicators was the lowest in ROO samples containing BHT and LSSCE 600 mg kg-1compared with other treatments. LSSCE improved the organoleptic acceptability of ROO samples up to 48 days of storage. Moreover, the shelf life (assuming a Q10 value of 2.0 for lipid oxidation) of ROO treated with LSSCE was increased. The findings revealed that LSSCE is a promising natural antioxidant in delaying oxidation, enhancing oil stability, and prolonging the shelf life (~475 days at ambient temperature).

Curcumin nanoparticles have potential antioxidant effect and restore tetrahydrobiopterin levels in experimental diabetes.

Diabetes is associated with an increase in the production of free radicals, reduction of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB) levels and reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) in the vascular walls. In this contribution, we probed the effective role of curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) that prepared via solvent evaporation nanoprecipitation technique as potential system to attenuate endothelial dysfunction. In this technique, Tween 60 (polysorbate) was used as stabilizing agent for the prepared CUR-NPs and protect such nanoparticles from further agglomeration. BH4 levels and other parameters were estimated in diabetic rats. To this end, we dedicated 48 male albino rats, categorized into six groups; control (healthy rats), diabetic rats, along with four treated groups via oral administration of 0.2 mL/kg body weight/day of solutions of Tween 60 (60 mg/mL), free CUR (60 mg/mL), CUR-NPs1 (30 mg/mL), and CUR-NPs2 (60 mg/mL) for 30 days. Results showed that the mean level of malondialdehyde (MDA) has been significantly increased in diabetic group associated with a reduction of total antioxidant capacity, NO, and BH4 compared to control. These parameters were restored by the delivery of CUR-NPs - both doses in rats, compared with the two control groups that treated with Tween 60 and free CUR.

The efficiency of blackberry loaded AgNPs, AuNPs and Ag@AuNPs mediated pectin in the treatment of cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental rats.

Cisplatin (cis-Diaminedichloroplatinum) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic because of its anti-neoplastic properties against various types of tumor. However, it has a wide variety of side effects such as hepato, gastrointestinal, neuro, nephro, and cardiotoxicity (acute and/or chronic) that highly restricted its usage. Thus, research work was planned to detect the role of gold (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their corepshell (Ag@AuNPs) as a carrier for blackberry extract and to enhance its benifit in treatment of cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity. In our work, solid-state process was used in order to prepare these nanoparticles using pectin as an ecologically friendly-polymer acting as reductant for ions and at the same time as stabilizing agent for the produced nanoparticles. This nominated method for large-scale preparation of nanoparticles is simple, efficient, and convenient. The presence of individual metallic Ag, Au and both has been proven by UV-vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and particle size analyzer confirmed the preparation of spherical small size with a main diameter <40 nm. The data obtained from zeta potential evaluation displayed the well stabilization for the produced nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyzer have verified that the spherical small size is <40 nm in diameter. Data from zeta potential assessment revealed the good stability of the produced nanoparticles. To this end, fifty sex rats were used in this study and divided into control, cisplatin (cispt), and five treated groups. After the experimental period, lipid profile was estimated and atherogenic coefficient (AC), atherogenic index (AI), and cardiac risk ratio (CRR) were calculated. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters were also estimated. Cardiovascular disease markers were estimated by ELISA. The mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), and cardiovascular markers were significantly increased in cispt group compared to control; whereas these parameters were attenuated in all treated groups in particular that received blackberry (bb) loaded Ag@AuNPs. Based on these results, it can be concluded that bb has antioxidant and antilipidemic effect that help in protecting against cardiovascular disease specially when loaded with Ag@AuNPs.

The noncovalent conjugations of bovine serum albumin with three structurally different phytosterols exerted antiglycation effects: A study with AGEs-inhibition, multispectral, and docking investigations.

The antiglycation effects of three structurally different phytosterols (PS) including stigmasterol, ß-sitosterol, and γ-oryzanol on bovine serum albumin (BSA) were deeply studied in a BSA-glucose model by measuring the glycoxidation-based products, SDS-PAGE intensity, free lysine, and their fluorescence microscopy clicks. For the first time, the underlying mechanisms of the antiglycation effects of PS were wholly elucidated by measuring their interaction ability with BSA and their antiradical activity during the glycation reactions. The results showed that PS could partially inhibit the formation of advance glycation end products, block some of the lysyl residues of BSA (Lys127, 357, 434, and 524), prevent the glucose-BAS bonding, and their disaggregation effects on the glycated BSA. Throughout the underlying mechanism behind the antiglycation activity, PS were found to structurally quench the fluorescence intensity of BSA in a static mode, leading to fluctuations in its Z-average size, UV-vis spectrum, and secondary structure. Additionally, PS mitigated the formation the advanced glycation end products by scavenging the radicals produced during the glycation reactions. Overall, these results unleash that PS prevent the glycation reactions and their subsequent changes through shielding the NH2 groups via H-bonding with their OH-groups and pi-pi interaction of the steroid core, besides the antiradical activity of PS on the free radicals generating during the glycation reactions.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza and environmentally biochemicals enhance the nutritional status of Helianthus tuberosus and induce its resistance against Sclerotium rolfsii.

Chemical fungicides are effective tools in controlling plant pathogens; however, these chemicals can, on the other hand, distress the ecosystem. Accordingly, the current research investigates the potentiality of substituting traditional chemical fungicides by inducing plant resistance against infection with soil-born pathogens i.e. Sclerotium rolfsii in the presence of mycorrhizae (AMF) as plant inoculants and one of the following amendments: humic acid, sulphex (a mixture of canola oil and diluted sulphuric acid) and paclobutrazol (ABZ). To attain the abovementioned objective, a field (mildly infected with S. rolfsii) was cultivated with Helianthus tuberosus (a perennial plant belongs to the Asteraceae family) for two successive seasons (2014 and 2015) and the above-mentioned treatments were tested for their feasibilities in controlling S. rolfsii infection against the chemical fungicide "Vitavax-200" either solely or in combinations in a complete randomized block design. Inoculating plants with AMF or amending soils with either humic acid, Sulphex or ABZ solely increased significantly the activities of plant defense enzymes by approximately 1.5-2.1 folds higher than the control treatment. These treatments also improved NPK availability in soil and; hence, increased their contents within plant tubers. Consequently, these treatments decreased the disease incidence and severity caused by S. rolfsii while improved shoot biomass and tuber yield. In spite of that, these results stood below the prospective of the fungicide treatment. The integrated treatments i.e. "humic acid + AMF", "Sulphex + AMF" and "ABZ + AMF" caused further significant improvements in both NPK availabilities in soil and plant areal bio-masses. This probably induced further plant resistance against the investigated soil-borne pathogen while recorded insignificant variations in disease incidence and severity when compared with the fungicide treatment. Moreover, the integrated treatments increased the tuber yields beyond those attained for the fungicide treatment. Accordingly, such integrated strategies can completely substitute the chemical fungicides; thus, minimize their negative impacts on the ecosystem.