Effects of Secondary Metabolites of Permafrost Bacillus sp. on Cytokine Synthesis by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

We studied the effects of secondary metabolites of Bacillus sp. isolated from late Neogene permafrost on secretion of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-2, and IFNγ) and antiinflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It was found that metabolites of Bacillus sp. produced more potent effect on cytokine secretion than mitogen phytohemagglutinin and metabolites of Bacillus cereus, medicinal strain IP5832. Activity of metabolites depended on the temperature of bacteria incubation. "Cold" metabolites of Bacillus sp. (isolated at -5°C) primarily induced Th1-mediated secretion of IFNγ, while "warm" metabolites (obtained at 37°C) induced Th2-mediated secretion of IL-4. The results suggest that Bacillus sp. metabolites are promising material for the development of immunomodulating drugs.

[Influence of permafrost microorganisms on the quality and duration of life of laboratory animals].

Microorganisms of genus Bacillus strain 3M (permafrost microorganisms--PM), allocated from the samples of permafrost soils from Mamontova Mountain (Yakutia) are influenced by the quality and duration of life of elderly mice. PMs were injected intraperitoneally to CBA mice at the age of 17 months. Motion activity, muscular force (lifting of cargo test), food instinct activity (dosed starvation test) and cellular immunity activity (reaction of delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo) of animals have increased, and psychoemotional condition of animals has improved under influence of PM. Average duration of life has increased by 9.19%, minimal duration of life--by 41.93%, maximal duration of life--by 7.68%. Duration of survival (the remaining life after injection of microorganisms) has increased more significantly: minimal--by 141.9%, on the average--by 28.0%, maximal--by 20.4%. Mechanisms of PM influence on increase of laboratory mice duration of life up to the top specific limit through the positive influence on quality of their life are discussed.

[Relict microorganisms of cryolithozone as possible objects of gerontology].

Permafrost is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, and its age reaches hundreds of thousands and millions of years. Permafrost contains alive microorganisms which are not frozen due to relatively high temperature of the environment (-2...-8 degrees C), but the microorganisms are immobilized and therefore aged probably similar to the age of permafrost. Longevity of the relict microbial cells is related obviously to their mechanism of protection against heat, radiation, free radicals and other damaging agents. A strain of Bacillus sp. was isolated from permafrost aged of about 3 million years, 16S rDNA sequence was identified and preliminary testing of bacterial culture on Drosophila melanogaster and mice was made. Immune stimulation and improvement of physical condition were observed, and that, together with the age of the microbial cells, presents the relict microorganisms as objects of gerontology.

[The diagnosis and course of progressive disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis].

A hundred and forty-six patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. Hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis at this stage was ascertained to run more frequently as acute and acutely progressive. The proportion of lymphogenous tuberculosis was shown to increase among all the types of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Identification of the lymphobronchogenic type of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis is recommended.

[The surgical treatment of congenital hip dislocation in young children]. / Operativnoe lechenie vrozhdennogo vyvikha bedra u detei mladshego vozrasta.

New methods of operative treatment of congenital dislocations in children are proposed as well as the methods of restoration of motility in the hip joint. All these developed methods tested in 300 patients (380 joints) exclude recurrent deformities and delay the development of coxarthrosis.

[An assessment of the bactericidal capacity of the blood monocytes in tuberculosis patients]. / Otsenka bakteritsidnoi sposobnosti monotsitov krovi bol'nykh tuberkulezom.

The nitro-blue tetrasolum (NBT) test was used for the study of the bactericidal capacity of blood monocytes in 30 healthy subjects and 86 pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The monocyte capacity of tuberculosis patients to restore NBT in the process of phagocytosis was found to be reduced. The NPT test parameters in the absence of cell stimulation were the same in both groups of the examined subjects. Administration of 50 TU of tuberculin subcutaneously is accompanied by the lowered capacity of monocytes to restore NPT during phagocytosis in patients with minimal activity of the tuberculous process, while this capacity was increased in subjects with post-tuberculous changes in the lungs.

[Semicircular incomplete osteotomy of the supra-acetabular area of the hip joint and its outcome]. / Polukruzhnaia nepolnaia osteotomiia nadatsetabuliarnoi oblasti tazobedrennogo sustava i ee iskhody.

The paper is devoted to the surgical treatment of the children with dysplastic pre- and coxarthroses, namely to the reconstruction of the supraacetabular area of the hip joint by means of incomplete semicircular osteotomy, which has allowed to reduce the terms of the treatment, to exclude a further recurrence of the deformation and to interrupt the phenomena of arthrosis that are present. In all the cases of the 50 patients who had been operated (aged 3 to 14 years with the follow-up period up to 10 years) there were good anatomical and functional results. The average mark according to the CITO scale was 4.6.