[Indicators of exchange of bile pigments under the action of ecopathogenic factors on the organism and correction with liposomes].

High levels of anthropogenic impact on the environment requires a detailed study of the features of the influence of heavy metals and ionizing radiation on living organisms, and provides for the development and use of effective means of protecting the body from its negative influence. The purpose of the work was to study the characteristics of the exchange of bile pigments of rats under the action of ecopathogenic factors (ionizing radiation and cadmium) on the organism and the corrective properties of liposomes on the basis of milk phospholipids. An analysis of the chromatographic studies of bilirubin and derivatives (nonconjugated bilirubin, bilirubin sulfate, billirubin glucuronide, urobilin and stercobilin) in the whole blood, liver, jejunum contents and feces under the action on the animal organism of ecopathogenic factors (ionizing radiation and cadmium) indicate material violation of the exchange bile pigments that may be due to the destabilization of the structural and functional hot hepatocytes. Correction of the liposomal form of biologically active additive (BAA) FLP-MD is recommended; the latter is a mixture of phospholipids isolated from milk, with a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, linolenic) and antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol and retinol acetate). The additive components exhibit the reparative effect of the action in respect of the damaged membrane structures with simultaneous improving of cholepoietic and billiation liver function, and therefore contribute to the normalization of exchange og bile pigments in terms of action on the body ecopathogenic factors.

[Structural and dynamical properties of apical and mitochondrial membranes of enterocytes in experimental enteric pathology and the method of its correction].

Structural and dynamical state of the apical and mitochondrial membranes of enterocytes of the rat small intestine under experimental enteric pathology conditions have been investigated. The modifications of structural and dynamical features of membranes at the use of BAA FLP-MD have been shown. The similarities arising in the versatile destructive changes of membranes are as follows: modification of the lipid phase structure of the membrane, changes in dynamical properties of membrane components and topography, disorders of hydrophobic protein-lipid interactions, conformational changes of protein molecules etc. The differences in correction conditions of the revealed changes of the apical and mitochondrial membranes when using BAA FLP-MD were shown, that is determined by pecularities of the structural and functional features of these membranes.

[The regulation of fatty acid metabolism and other lipid compounds in ruminant animals].

The review deals with peculiarities of molecular mechanisms of metabolism regulation of fatty acids and other lipid components in preruminant and ruminant animals (i.e. before and after formation of the functioning of the mixed microbial population in the rumen). A characteristic of possible biosynthesis regulation processes, transformation, transport, utilization and catabolism of fatty acids with different molecular masses and peculiarities and of triacylglycerols and other lipid substances in the liver compartments, skeletal and heart muscle cells has been shown. Peculiarities of intracellular changes in metabolism of fatty acids and apolipoprotein B in the liver of neonatal calves under development of alimentary enteropathology have been considered. Main factors in the mechanism of regulation of intracellular metabolism of fatty acids and lipid substances have been defined.

[New approach in the treatment of newborn calves' dyspepsia and its controlling by the analysis of phospholipids of blood].

It's known that in newborn calves with dyspepsia in lipids leucocytes, erythrocytes, plasma and serum extracted from blood occur violation of parity between separate classes phospholipids in compare with healthy calves. It's revealed increasing of lipophosphatidilholin, sphingomielin, phosphatidilholin and decreasing of amount of phosphatidilserin, lizophosphatidic and phosphatidic acids in quantitative contents of phospholipids extracted from blood components. Indicated violations could be recovered after the treatment of ill calves by enterosgel in doze, which we developed and tested.

[Inhibition of carbohydrate metabilsm enzymes by pentachlorophenol in cells of pectinolytic bacteria from gastrointestinal tract of animals and effect of clinoptilolite adsorbents on this process].

Changes in functional activity of specific enzyme reactions in the cells of pectinolytic bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of animals in vitro cultivated in the medium containing pectin or glucose were studied against a background of the low dose effect of the wide spread biocide pentachlorophenol alone as well as in combination with the natural sorbents clinoptilolites. Regardless of the absence of transketolase reaction in the cells of all studied strains, they metabolized highly the above substrates that are dissimilar in chemical structure and produced different products of their degradation. It has been shown that the high metabolic level in the cells is provided by the function of the unique enzymatic reaction catalyzed by 2-keto-3-desoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.14) that permits to use effectively the metabolic pathway of Entner-Doudoroff. Cells could also utilize the same substrates via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, therefore they possess the other key reaction that is catalyzed by fructosobiphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13). Even a low dose of PCP (20 microM) decreased sharply activity of the mentioned key enzymes and intermediates' production in the cells of the studied strains with the use of both substrates. However, presence of clinoptilolites in the medium reduced significantly the biocide inhibition effect. Furthermore, in the medium with glucose, protection of intracellular metabolism with the help of sorbents was registered more clearly than with pectin. This can evidence for more mobile and simpler possibilities of accelerated production of necessary intermediates from glucose that are capable to induce activation of the key enzymatic reactions in cells utilizing selectively the substrates (which are different in accessibility and other characteristics) under the toxic agent effect.

[Effect of artificial hibernation state on intensity of metabolic processes in rabbits].

Metabolic processes were investigated in the rabbit organism when modeling a condition of hibernation. It is established that during hibernation respiratory subcompensated acidosis develops in animals; the content of lactate and glutamate rises in their blood; activity of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and isocytrate dehydrogenase increases in the liver cytosol of rabbits, while activity of pyruvate carboxylase and aldehyde dehydrogenase is reduced.

[Effect of the reparative therapy on indices of lipid and phospholipid spectra of the blood plasma during neonathal enteropathology in calves].

The paper deals with dynamics peculiarities of quantitave changes of the same classes of lipid and phospholipid spectra of blood plasma of calves which have recovered from dyspepsia. The obtained reliable changes of blood plasma lipidogrammas testify to development of dyslipidhaemia, hypercholesterolhaemia and hyperthreacylglycerolhaemia as well as the deficiency of choline fractions of phosphatide--main structural components of cell membranes. It was established that changes of lipid and phospholipid spectrum of the blood plasma caused by enteropathology could be corrected by the inclusion of reparative therapy remedies to dyspepsia treatment plan, in particular, experimental phospholipids-containing remedy, which is prepared on the basis of milk phospholipids--their natural source for newborn calves.

[Age-dependent cadmium accumulation in organs of intoxicated rats and changes of indices of acid-base balance of blood in different conditions of antioxidant defence]. / Vikovi osoblyvosti kumuliatsiï kadmiiu v orhanakh toksykovanykh shchuriv i zminy pokaznykiv kyslotno-luzhnoho stanu krovi za riznykh umov antyoksydantnoho zakhystu orhanizmu.

Age peculiarities of cadmium cumulation in the organs of rats under different conditions of antioxidants administration. Considerable hepato- and nefrotoxic effect of the given xenobiotic under different conditions of its supply into the organism was revealed. The strongly pronounced differences between the age distribution of cadmium in the organisms have been marked. It is proved that the most antioxidantal activity is shown by sodium selenite when administered into the organism before poisoning with cadmium. It is stated that the indices showing the acid-alkaline state are subject to the greatest changes in the bodies of young animals. In this case they have more expressed toxic effects under the influence of ions of heavy metals as well as the receptivity to the positive influence of antioxidants.

[Theoretical and practical aspects of vitaminology in development of animal husbandry in Ukraine]. / Teoretychni ta praktychni aspekty vitaminologii u rozvytku tvarynnytstva v Ukraïni.

The paper deals with fundamental and applied aspects ofvitaminology development in Ukraine. Its foundations have been laid by A. V. Palladin and R. V. Chagovets, leading scientists of the country, and continued by their followers. Joint efforts of scientists in the field of veterinary, medicine, food branch will permit creating new up-to-date technologies for production of vitamin drugs of a new generation with the corresponding financial support of the state. That is rather necessary for health of the future generation of people.

[Nature and store of fatty acid lipids in the blood of newborn calves with dyspepsia]. / Pryroda ta sklad zhyrnykh kyslot lipidiv krovi novonarodzhenykh teliat pry dyspepsiï.

The content of fatty acids of lipids extracted from the whole blood as well as from erythrocytes, leucocytes, plasma and serum samples of newborn dyspeptic calves were investigated for the first time. Twenty three (23) saturated, mono-non-saturated and poly-non-saturated fatty acids were detected. Native, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic fatty acids, are the main components of the whole blood lipid fraction and its components. The fatty acids found in lipids and other components of the whole blood in the samples of dyspeptic and healthy calves are the same, their ratios, however, are different. The decrease in the nonsaturated fatty acids content and its increase in saturated fatty acids are considerable. The saturation coefficient is different in native blood lipids, erythrocytes, leukocytes, serum and plasma.

[Fatty acid composition of apical and basolateral enterocyte membranes of the small intestine of the gopher]. / Zhyrnokyslotnyi sklad apikal'nykh ta bazolateral'nykh membran enterotsytiv tonkoho kyshechnyka khovrakha krapchatoho (Cittelus suslicus G.)

Fatty acid composition of gopher's (Citellus suslicus G.) small intestine apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes has been investigated. The content of eight fatty acids: C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C16:1, C18:1 has been obtained.

[Regularities in forming colostral immunity in newborn calves]. / Zakonomirnosti formuvannia kolostral'noho imunitetu v novonarodzhenykh teliat.

Formation of acid-base homeostasis in newborn calves takes place simultaneously with developing metabolic respiration-excretion and buffer system resulting in fast adaptation of animals to new environmental conditions.

[Dynamics of blood proteins spectra in normal and diarrheic long horn cattle during early ontogenesis]. / Dynamika bilkovoho spektra plazmy krovi velykoï rohatoï khudoby v rann'omu ontohenezi v normi ta pry diareï.

The contains of blood plasma protein fractions and immunoglobulines were studied in adult cattle and in new born calves (just new born and age of 1, 2, 5 and 10 days) by the 10% PAAG EP (0.1% SDS) and radial immunodiffusion methods. It is shown that protein bands of 140-160 kD and immunoglobulines (G1, G2, M) are absent at the moment of birth. The physiology level of gamma-globulines and IgG1 reach at 1 day of life, while IgM--at second. After colostrum breeding of just new born calves the speed increasing of total plasma protein and gamma-globulines fraction are lowest (in 2.7 and 1.7 times respectively) in diarrhoea animals in compare to the health one. The maximum level of IgG1 concentration forms in disease animals only at 10 days of age. On the date obtained it is concluded the presence such new born calves which have low level of small intestine developing and disturbance of immunoglobulines absorption.

[Acid-base homeostasis of the newborn calf]. / Kislotno-osnovnyi homeostaz orhanizmu novonarodzhenykh teliat.

Homeostasis of acid-base condition in newborn calves is ensured with metabolic, respiration--excretion and buffer systems, which allows for fast adaptation of animals to new living condition.

[Mechanism of metabolic adaptation]. / Mekhanizmy metabolichnoï adaptatsiï.

The paper presents results of investigations on some mechanisms of metabolic adaptation in mammals. There are four sections in the tissue metabolic system of acid-base homeostasis: polyamines as factors of metabolic adaptation; significance of carbon dioxide for metabolic response formation in hypobiosis; polyamines metabolism in hypobiosis. Peculiarities of intermediate metabolism have been analyzed in animal tissues under the changes in H+, CO2 and HCO3- concentrations. Basing on a new interpretation of the experimental data and detected regularity in the metabolism, conclusion on the existence of a new acid-base homeostasis system in the tissues has been made. The results of polyamines metabolism investigations in the mammals under the stress have been described. The experimental data make us to believe that changes in polyamines synthesis and ODC activity in particular, is a part of stereotype nonspecific response to any stress impacts and one of the factors of cell metabolic adaptation. Some new data on mechanisms of formation and control of metabolic status of animals in the natural and artificial hibernation have been presented. The key idea is that in the state of hypobiosis the carbon dioxide (HCO3-) appears as a regulatory factor of metabolic adaptation, which is able to realize its action directly via affecting numerous biochemical events. The participation of polyamines in adaptive metabolic response to hybernation factors is suggested. Some peculiarities of ornithine decarboxilase and transglutaminase activity during the different stages of genuine and artificial hypobiosis have been demonstrated.

[An assessment of acid-base imbalance in body tissues and fluids]. / Otsinka porushen' kyslotno-luzhnoï rivnovahy v tkanynakh i ridynakh orhanizmu.

Ions hydrogene concentration in fluids and tissues is one of the strict regulated physiological organism variables. Most common man and animal diseases are accompanied with compensated acid-base balance shift development. But diagnosis of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis with blood indices (pH, pCO2, HCO3) doesn't reflect true tissue condition that is connected not only with respiratory and excretion system functioning but with hypercompensation of metabolic processes. Excess organic acid formation in case of metabolic alkalosis formation in tissues directed to support pH leads to acidification, what brings an essential mistake in pathogenesis understanding of such diseases as cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiac disease, myocardial infarction, hepatitis, collagenosis, caries, peptic ulcer, macula dystrophy, atherosclerosis, virus diseases, radiation damages. Ignorance primary tissue damages doesn't allow to conduct necessary preventive measures and to cure disease. It is suggested to assess development of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis by compensated changes of regulation acid-base homeostasis system, which is the basis of all future damages and development of different diseases against this background.

[Compensation for changes in the acid-base balance in intact newborn calves and in experimental metabolic acidosis and alkalosis]. / Kompensatsiia zmin kyslotno-luzhnoho balansu v intaktnykh novonarodzhenykh teliat i za umov eksperymental'noho metabolichnoho atsidozu ta alkalozu.

The quantitative parameters of the new-born calves acid-alkali balance in the early period of their life has been defined to be essentially changed. Considering the latter their organism acid-base balance natural stabilization is characterized by the certain dynamics which is being disturbed displays a quick development of adaptive reactions. The new-born ones' organism capability to support the acid-base homeostasis has been identified as considerably determined by their tissues alkaline reserve level.

[Compensatory changes in the acid-base balance under the influence of excess ammonium chloride, hypodynamia and stress]. / Kompensovani zminy kyslotno-luzhnoï rivnovahy pid vplyvom nadlyshku amoniiu khlorydu, hipodynami]i ta stresu.

Two variants of alternative integrative compensatory mechanisms of metabolic reactions in organism developing at the compensated shifts of acid-base balance under the influence of different risk factors have been discovered by the authors. Compensated metabolic acidosis appears with the excess of salt ammonia in the animals ration, at the immobilization stress, hypodynamia, deafferentation and surgical stress. The start reaction of acidosis is lipolysis activation and nonacidified products accumulation at the reactions of tricarboxylic acid cycle are (TAC) inhibited. The compensatory mechanism directed to bind hydrogen ions and prevent pH shifts is activity of glyconeogenesis reactions, transamination, increase the contents ammonia, as well as by increases of restored combinations. Carbohydrates excess in the ration, emotional stress (anxiety expectation) lead to the metabolic alkalosis development at which low hydrogen ion formation and their rapid use in the activated process of peroxide lipids oxidation is compensated with the increase of organic acids formation in glycolysis and TAC as well as by the increase of oxidation properties in tissues. Besides adaptive physiological meaning, the described mechanisms may be the reason for a number of pathological state appearance. The discovery in population and prevention of endogenic risk factors prevention is principle new basis of modern integrated system of human and animals common diseases prevention.

[Indices of protein and nitrogen metabolism in newborn calves in experimental metabolic acidosis and alkalosis]. / Pokaznyky bilkovoho ta azotnoho obminiv u novonarodzhenykh teliat za eksperymental'nykh metabolichnykh atsidozu ta alkalozu.

The content of indices of protein and nitrogen metabolism in the blood of newborn calves has been studied under the conditions of experimental metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. It has been found that the state of experimental metabolic acidosis of the calves for the first 36 hours of their life is accompanied by the decrease in the content of protein and its basic fractions. Under experimental metabolic alkalosis the concentration of the mentioned indices considerably grows, and it even exceeds physiological values. The obtained results also evidence for the considerable role of hemoglobin buffer system of the newborn calves in regulation of organism acid-base-state.