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1.
Eur J Pediatr ; 183(5): 2411-2420, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38459131

ABSTRACT

Sudden cardiac death in children is a rare event, but of great social significance. Generally, it is related to heart disease with a risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), which may occur with cardiovascular symptoms and/or electrocardiographic markers; thus, a primary care paediatrician (PCP) could detect them. Therefore, we proposed a study that assesses how to put into practice and conduct a cardiovascular assessment within the routine healthy-child check-ups at six and twelve years of age; that reflects cardiovascular signs and symptoms, as well as the electrocardiographic alterations that children with a risk of SCD in the selected population present; and that assesses the PCP's skill at electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation. In collaboration with PCPs, primary care nurses, and paediatric cardiologists, an observational, descriptive, multicentre, cross-sectional study was carried out in the Balearic Islands (Spain), from April 2021 to January 2022, inclusive. The PCPs gathered patient data through forms (medical record, electrocardiogram, and physical examination) and sent them to the investigator, together with the informed consent document and electrocardiogram. The investigator passed the electrocardiogram on to the paediatric cardiologists for reading, in an identical form to those the paediatricians had filled in. The variables were collected, and a descriptive analysis performed. Three paediatric cardiologists, twelve PCPs, and nine nurses from seven public health centres took part. They collected the data from 641 patients, but 233 patients did not participate (in 81.11% due to the PCP's workload). Therefore, the study coverage was around 64%, representing the quotient of the total number of patients who participated, divided by the total number of patients who were eligible for the study. We detected 30 patients with electrocardiographic alterations compatible with SCD risk. Nine of these had been examined by a paediatric cardiologist at some time (functional murmur in 8/9), five had reported shortness of breath with exercise, and four had reported a family history of sudden death. The physical examination of all the patients whose ECG was compatible with a risk of SCD was normal. Upon analysing to what extent the ECG results of the PCP and the paediatric cardiologist agreed, the percentage of agreement in the final interpretation (normal/altered) was 91.9%, while Cohen's kappa coefficient was 31.2% (CI 95%: 13.8-48.6%). The sensitivity of the ECG interpretation by the PCP to detect an ECG compatible with a risk of SCD was 29% and the positive predictive value 45%.     Conclusions: This study lays the foundations for future SCD risk screening in children, performed by PCPs. However, previously, it would be important to optimise their training in reading and interpreting paediatric ECGs. What is Known: • In Spain at present, there is a programme in place to detect heart disease with a risk of sudden death [1], but it targets only children who are starting on or are doing a physical activity as a federated sport. Implementing such screening programmes has proven effective in several countries [2]. However, several studies showed that the incidence of sudden cardiac death is no higher in children competing in sport activities than in those who do not do any sport [3]. This poses an ethical conflict, because at present, children who do not do any federated sport are excluded from screening. According to the revised literature, so far, only in two studies did they screen the child population at schools, and in both, they successfully detected patients with heart disease associated to the risk of sudden death [4, 5]. We have found no studies where the screening of these features was included within the routine healthy-child check-ups by primary care paediatricians. What is New: • We did not know whether-in our setting, at present-the primary care paediatrician could perform a screening method within the routine healthy-child check-ups, in order to detect presumably healthy children at risk of sudden cardiac death, as they present one of the SCD risks. In this regard, we proposed our project: to assess how to put into practice and conduct a cardiovascular assessment via SCD risk screening in the healthy child population by primary care paediatricians and appraise primary care paediatricians' skills in identifying the electrocardiographic alterations associated with SCD risk. The ultimate intention of this pilot study was to make it possible, in the future, to design and justify a study aimed at universalising cardiovascular screening and achieving a long-term decrease in sudden cardiac death events in children.


Subject(s)
Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Electrocardiography , Heart Diseases , Humans , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Child , Male , Female , Electrocardiography/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Heart Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Diseases/complications , Spain/epidemiology , Mass Screening/methods , Risk Assessment/methods
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(87): 241-250, jul.-sept. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194297

ABSTRACT

La Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) ha elaborado un documento con propuestas para la organización de las consultas de Atención Primaria en la próxima temporada invernal, y así poder garantizar la atención a los pacientes pediátricos, con y sin sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2. En dicho documento se insiste en la importancia de que la primera valoración del paciente sea telefónica para orientar a las familias sobre la idoneidad de una visita telemática o de una visita presencial y, en caso de ser así, recibir indicaciones sobre la zona del centro de salud y horario de atención en función de los síntomas, para mantener las medidas de protección y seguridad, tanto del paciente como del personal sanitario. AEPap y SEPEAP proponen que en los centros de salud se organicen dos circuitos, uno para atender pacientes con sospecha de infección por SARS-CoV-2 y otro circuito para valorar el resto de las patologías y llevar a cabo el Programa de Salud Infantil (PSI). Para ello, también insta a las Administraciones públicas a mejorar las herramientas de la telemedicina para garantizar el intercambio seguro de información y así poder realizar consultas no presenciales para evitar contagios en el centro sanitario, dotar a los centros de salud de personal sanitario, administrativo y de limpieza suficiente. También es muy importante que los profesionales sanitarios dispongan de técnicas diagnósticas para descartar las infecciones pediátricas más frecuente en época invernal (rinovirus, virus respiratorio sincitial, gripe, rotavirus) y agilizar el resultado de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para COVID-19 y así evitar aislamientos innecesarios


The Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap), has prepared a document with proposals for the organization of primary care consultations in the next winter season, and thus be able to guarantee care for pediatric patients, with and without suspected infection by SARS-CoV-2. This document insists on the importance that the first assessment of the patient is by telephone to guide families on the suitability of a telematic visit or a face-to-face visit and, if so, receive instructions on the area of the health center and hours of attention based on symptoms, to maintain protection and safety measures for both the patient and the health personnel. The AEPap and the SEPEAP propose to organize two circuits in health centers, one to evaluate patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and another circuit to assess the rest of the pathologies and carry out the Children's Health Program. For this, it also urges public administrations to improve telemedicine tools to guarantee the safe exchange of information and thus be able to carry out non-face-to-face consultations to avoid infections in the health center, provide health centers with health, administrative, cleaning and medical personnel sufficient. It is also very important that healthcare professionals have diagnostic techniques to rule out the most frequent pediatric infections in winter (rhinovirus, RSV, flu, rotavirus) and speed up the PCR result for Covid-19 and thus avoid unnecessary isolations


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity , Child Care/methods , Consensus , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Pediatrics/organization & administration , Universal Precautions/methods , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
3.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(87): 263-271, jul.-sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194298

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el uso de equipos y dispositivos de protección por parte de los profesionales es fundamental para evitar la transmisión de la infección en el colectivo de sanitarios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: el Grupo Laboral-Profesional de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) ha realizado una encuesta a los vocales autonómicos de la AEPap para conocer la disponibilidad que han tenido los pediatras de Atención Primaria (PAP) de sistemas de protección frente a la enfermedad, y las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas para el diagnóstico de los contagios de los PAP. RESULTADOS: en marzo de 2020, solo en el 32% de las comunidades autónomas (CC. AA.), los pediatras tenían sistemas de protección adecuados. En abril ascendió al 70%. En todas las CC. AA. se han registrado casos de PAP enfermos, aunque es difícil cuantificar el número de afectados. De las que tenemos datos, sumando el número de pediatras enfermos conocido, más test de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) positivo, los que han estado en aislamiento y los ingresados, la cifra asciende al 7,65% de la cifra total de PAP. Los test rápidos serológicos o PCR o ambos se han realizado en seis comunidades los últimos días de abril y en otras seis los primeros días de mayo. Entre las CC. AA. de las que hay información, Aragón es la única comunidad en la que no se ha realizado test. Se ha correlacionado la disponibilidad de los sistemas de protección y el gasto sanitario. CONCLUSIONES: los sistemas de protección han sido insuficientes. Las CC. AA. con mayor gasto sanitario han contado más precozmente con sistemas de protección adecuados. Han resultado infectados PAP en todas las comunidades autónomas, especialmente en Madrid, Castilla y León y Comunidad Valenciana. La detección de profesionales afectos por la infección ha sido tardía


INTRODUCTION: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of protective equipment and devices by professionals is essential to prevent transmission of the infection in the healthcare community. METHODS: the Professional Labor Working group of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap) has carried out a survey of the autonomous members of the AEPap to find out the availability for primary care pediatricians (PCP) of protection elements against the disease, the diagnostic measures carried out on the professionals for the diagnosis of infections in the PCP. RESULTS: during the month of March, in 32% of the autonomous communities (CC. AA.), pediatricians had adequate means of protection, which in April amounted to 70%. Sick cases of PCP have been registered in all the CC. AA., although it is difficult to quantify the number of patients affected. According to our data, adding the positive test patients, those who have been in isolation and those admitted, the figure rises up to 7.65%. Rapid serological tests or PCR or both have been carried out in 6 communities in the last days of April and in 6 others in the first days of May. The only community in which it has not been carried out is that of Aragon. The availability of protection systems and health expenditure have been correlated. CONCLUSIONS: protection systems have been insufficient. The CC. AA. with the highest health expenditure have had adequate protection systems earlier. PCP have been infected in all the autonomous communities, especially in Madrid, Castilla y León and Valencia. The detection of affected professionals by the infection has been late


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/isolation & purification , Hospitals, Pediatric/organization & administration , Safety Management/methods , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity , Child Care/methods , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Universal Precautions/methods , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology
4.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(87): 273-281, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-194299

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: los niños muestran sentimientos y vivencias que no saben o no se atreven a expresar y que se pueden conocer a través de sus dibujos e imaginación. La Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) se ha propuesto conocer cómo han vivido los niños el confinamiento. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se ha organizado un concurso en la página web Familia y Salud. Sujetos: niños o niñas de todo el territorio nacional con edades comprendidas entre los 3 y 16 años. Trabajos: dibujos, cuentos y vídeos breves. RESULTADOS: hemos recibido 53 trabajos procedentes de diferentes comunidades autónomas y entregado cinco premios. Los elementos que más se repiten son: el coronavirus, figuras de niños dentro de las casas, el arco iris entre las nubes y los sanitarios. El aburrimiento, la tristeza de no poder ver a abuelos y amigos, la confianza en los sanitarios, la valoración positiva del cambio de vida en la familia, la mejora en la contaminación ambiental y el mensaje positivo de que todo va a salir bien son algunos de los temas expresados. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio denotan optimismo en general, y permiten concluir que los dibujos, los relatos y los vídeos son herramientas útiles para analizar la percepción de esta población ante situaciones de riesgo. Además, destaca el interés de los pediatras de Atención Primaria por conocer cómo han vivido los niños el confinamiento a causa de la infección por coronavirus y crear la inquietud de que el dibujo infantil debe ser estudiado de manera rigurosa


INTRODUCTION: children have feelings and experiences that they cannot or will not express and that may manifest through their drawings and imagination. The Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics, AEPap) wanted to explore how children have experienced the confinement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we organized a contest through the Family and Health website. The study population consisted of children residing anywhere in Spain aged 3 to 16 years. The works submitted were drawings, micro stories or micro videos. RESULTS: we received 53 works from children in different autonomous communities and gave 5 awards. The elements featured most frequently were the coronavirus, figures of children indoors, a rainbow in the clouds and health care professionals. Some of the subjects expressed in the works were boredom, missing grandparents and friends, trust in health care professionals, a positive perception of the change in life in the family, the improvement in environmental pollution and a positive view that everything will turn out well. CONCLUSIONS: the results obtained in this study suggest a generalized optimism and allow us to conclude that drawings, stories and videos are a useful tool to analyze the perception of this population in risk situations. We also ought to highlight the interest of primary care paediatricians in how children have experienced the confinement imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic and raise awareness that children's drawings should be carefully studied


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Quarantine/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Narrative Therapy/methods , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Paintings/psychology , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Risk Factors , Primary Health Care/organization & administration
5.
Salus ; 20(2): 44-48, ago. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-830848

ABSTRACT

Los defectos del tubo neural son un grupo heterogéneo y complejo de anomalías del sistema nervioso central que se encuentran entre las anormalidades congénitas humanas más frecuentes, sólo superados por los defectos cardiovasculares, excluyendo las alteraciones cromosómicas. Se caracteriza por ser el resultado final de una anomalía progresiva que se inicia con un disrrafismo del neuroporo rostral por un defecto mesenquimal, seguido de una segunda fase de exposición de hemisferios cerebrales bien diferenciados desarrollado fuera del cráneo embrionario concluyendo con una fase de desintegración. Puede presentarse como evento único o asociado a otras malformaciones. Reportamos tres casos de secuencia disrrafia-exencefalia-anencefalia, uno de ellos en presencia de polihidramnios, otro asociado a síndrome de brida amniótica y otro cuyo estudio cromosómico reporta síndrome de Klinefelter, todos con un resultado común, mal pronóstico perinatal.


Neural tube defects are a complex of central nervous system abnormalities that are among the most common human congenital abnormalities, second only to cardiovascular defects, excluding chromosomal abnormalities and heterogeneous group. It is characterized as the end result of a progressive anomaly that starts with a dysraphism the rostral neuropore by a mesenchymal defect, followed by a second phase exhibit distinct cerebral hemispheres developed beyond the embryonic skull concluding with a phase of disintegration. It can occur as a single event or associated with other malformations. We report three cases of anencephaly -exencephaly-dysraphism sequence, one of them in the presence of polyhydramnios, other associated amniotic band syndrome and other chromosomal study reports Klinefelter syndrome, all with a common result, poor perinatal outcome.

6.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 73(4): 221-224, dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-710644

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Detección subclínica del virus de papiloma humano en muestras de pacientes diagnosticadas con ectropión cervical, para evaluar la prevalencia de la infección viral asociada a dicha condición. Métodos: El ADN fue extraído utilizando solventes orgánicos (fenol/cloroformo-alcohol isoamílico). La detección del virus de papiloma humano se realizó mediante PCR con iniciadores genéricos MY09/MY11 y para la tipificación de las muestras positivas se utilizó un kit comercial de PCR múltiple. Ambiente: Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Instituto de Oncología y Hematología. Resultados: Se obtuvo una positividad de 26 % (13/50 muestras analizadas) para la presencia de ADN del virus de papiloma humano. De las muestras positivas, 38,45 % resultó virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo oncogénico (tipo 16 o 18), mientras que otro 38,45 % correspondió a virus de papiloma humano de bajo riesgo (tipos 6, 11 o infección mixta 6/11) y 23,07 % no pudo ser tipificado con la metodología utilizada. Conclusión: Aunque este resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo, señala la necesidad de mayor seguimiento clínico de las pacientes positivas, especialmente aquellos casos correspondientes a virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo oncogénico, ya que presentan mayor probabilidad de desarrollar cáncer cervical.


Objective: In this study was conducted subclinical human papillomavirus detection in samples from patients diagnosed with cervical ectropion to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection associated with this condition. Methods: DNA was extracted with organic solvents (phenol /chloroform- isoamylic). Human papillomavirus detection was performed by PCR with generic primers MY09 and MY11 and the viral typing was performed using a commercial MPCR kit. Setting: Laboratorio de Genetica Molecular-Instituto de Oncologia y Hematologia; Results: The results showed that 26 % of the evaluated sample (13/50) was positive for the presence of human papillomavirus genome. Viral typing test identified high- oncogenic risk human papillomavirus (types 16 or 18) in 38.45.% of the positives cases. Likewise, 38.45 % was low oncogenic risk (types 6, 11 or mixed infection with 6/11 human papillomavirus) and 23.07 % could not be typified with the used methodology. Conclusions: Although this result is not statistically significant, the virus latent presence highlights the need for greater medical surveillance for positive patients, especially in cases where detected 16 and 18 high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus types, because they may have increased risk of cervical cancer.

7.
Salus ; 15(3): 13-18, dic. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-701589

ABSTRACT

En el ámbito mundial los estudios sobre la eficacia del ultrasonido en la predicción del peso al nacer del recién nacido son controversiales; especialmente relacionado con la validez de la técnica del cálculo del peso fetal por ultrasonido. Se planteo calcular el peso al nacer en las embarazadas de alto riesgo por ultrasonido que acudieron a la Unidad de Perinatología de la Universidad de Carabobo entre enero y septiembre 2009, muestra no probabilística circunstancial de 305 pacientes cuyos criterios de inclusión fueron embarazos mayores de 22 semanas de gestación con ausencia de malformaciones fetales y ecografía previa al parto o cesárea menor o igual a 15 días. La patología obstétrica más frecuente fue la amenaza de parto pre término 7,9 % y las patologías medicas, la obesidad 43,6 %, encontrando asociación estadísticamente significativa (P< 0,0001) entre la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y obesidad materna, hipertensión arterial durante el embarazo y oligohidramnios, así como asociación entre el feto grande para la edad gestacional con la diabetes gestacional. La diferencia de peso obtenida entre el calculado por ultrasonido y el obtenido al nacer fue 108,76 gr con asociación estadística entre ambas variables de carácter lineal positiva y coeficiente de correlación R² = 0,710 (P < 0,0001), el error típico de estimación de 387,76042. La ecuación de regresión lineal para la variable del peso al nacer: PN = 217,134 + Peso ecográfico x 0,096 días, error porcentual 3,63%. Concluyendo que a través del ultrasonido se puede calcular el peso al nacer cuando este, se estima en los 15 días antes de la finalización del embarazo.


Globally there are studies on the effectiveness of ultrasound in predicting birth weight infant, but some authors question the validity of the technique of calculation of fetal weight by ultrasound. Coupled with our patients are high risk. (4), based on this arises: Assessing the Effectiveness of Ultrasound in Predicting Birth Weight in High-Risk Pregnant Women attending Perinatology CHET in the period January to September 2009 of which A sample circumstantial and not random volunteer subjects comprising 305 patients whose inclusion criteria were pregnancies after 22 weeks of gestation with no fetal malformations and had an ultrasound prior to delivery or caesarean section less than or equal to 15 days. The pathology score was the most common obstetric preterm labor 7.9% and medical diseases with obesity 43.6%, finding statistically significant P <0.0001 between the restriction intrauterine growth with obesity, hypertension during pregnancy and oligohydramnios, and the big fetus for gestational age with gestational diabetes. The weight difference was obtained between the calculated and obtained by ultrasound at birth 108.76 grams with statistical association between two variables which was a positive linear with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.710, P <0.0001 and a standard error of estimate of 387.76042. The linear regression equation for the variable of birth weight was: PN was ECOG Weight = 217.134 + x 0.096 days, error rate of 3.63%, explaining the ultrasound weight, 70.8% of the weight variation at birth.

8.
Rev. obstet. ginecol. Venezuela ; 69(3): 152-161, sep. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631391

ABSTRACT

Evaluar el impacto de la eclampsia sobre la morbilidad y mortalidad materno fetal. Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y longitudinal, incluyó 102 pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno hipertensivo del embarazo tipo eclampsia durante 2006-2007. Se utilizó una hoja de registro que contenía las variables del presente estudio. Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Maternidad "Concepción Palacios", Caracas. En este período se atendió un total de 28 617 partos, de los cuales 102 (0,35 por ciento) presentaron eclampsia. Los principales síntomas fueron cefalea (57,84 por ciento) e hipertensión (85,29 por ciento), la convulsión se presentó anteparto en el 63,72 por ciento, la principal complicación fue síndrome HELLP en 38,23 por ciento. Un 80,48. por ciento de los neonatos nacieron vivos y la mortalidad perinatal fue de 18,75 por ciento. La eclampsia es una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad materna y perinatal


To evaluate the impact of eclampsia on maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Retrospective, descriptive and longitudinal study, that included 102 patients with diagnostic hypertensive distress of pregnancy eclampsia’s type during 2006-2007. A record sheet containing the variables of the study was used. Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal, Maternidad "Concepcion Palacios", Caracas. During the study period 28 617 deliveries were attended, from which 102 (0.35 percent) presented eclampsia. The main symtoms were headache (57.84 percent) and hypertension (85.29 percent), seizure appreas before delivery in 63.72 percent, the main complication was HELLP syndrome in 38.23 percent. The 80-48 percent of the neonates were born alive and perinatal mortality was 18.75 percent. Eclampsia is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbi-mortaliy


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Eclampsia/mortality , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/mortality , Maternal Mortality/trends , Pre-Eclampsia/mortality
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