ABSTRACT
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
ABSTRACT
Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of
Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of
ABSTRACT
Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of
Background: Perinephric pseudocyst is a rare disease that affects animals and humans. It is characterized by an accumulation of serous fl uid around of one or both kidneys, and in cats the manifestation as sub-capsular, containing liquid with transudate characteristics are most frequently observed. The etiology is not well understood yet, but it is known that it is associated with chronic renal injury. While it has no direct relation to race and gender, it shows a higher occurrence in elderly patients above 10 years. According to the scientifi c literature, surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to report the fi rst case of bilateral perinephric pseudocyst in a young cat in Brazil, treated with palliative maneuver associated with a therapeutic feeding balanced.Case: A 1-year-old Siamese cat, 3 kg, female non-castrated was referred for clinical investigation in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It presented a 30 days history of progressive increase of abdominal volume, followed also by weight loss, hyporexia, and apathy. The patient underwent to an abdominal ultrasound, showing a large cyst in both kidneys, suggestive of perinephric pseudocyst. It was found that the surgical therapy would the choice for such alterations; however, the animal owners we do not accepted surgical treatment, were oriented about the risks of
ABSTRACT
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
Background: The cholinergic system is involved in many biological functions in mammals and is associated with pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as has participation in transmission of nerve impulses in cholinergic synapses, haematopoiesis, regulation of inflammatory markers, production and coordination of movement, and memory. Rangelia vitalii is a parasite endemic to south of Brazil. This parasite multiplies in the blood and can be visualized in plasma in its free form and/or within leukocytes and erythrocytes, causing various pathologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of cholinergic system enzymes in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve dogs were used, divided into two groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of healthy animals, and infected group with R. vitalii (n = 7). Fresh blood samples of these infected animals were inoculated in seven dogs (2 mL/dog through the jugular vein). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10 and 20 post-infection (PI). Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was measured in serum and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in lymphocytes and whole blood. Boold samples were diluted 1:50 (v/v) in lysis solution (0.1 mmol/L potassium/sodium phosphate buffer containing 0.03% Triton X-100) and frozen (-20 ºC by 7 days) to determine AChE activity in whole blood. Lymphocy
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects in vivo and in vitro of nicotine, an important immunosuppressive agent, on NTPDase and ADA activities in lymphocytes of adult rats. The following nicotine doses in vivo study were evaluated: 0.0, 0.25 and 1.0mg/kg/day injected subcutaneously in rats for 10days. The activity of the enzymes were significantly decreased with nicotine 0.25 and 1mg/kg which inhibited ATP (22%, 54%), ADP (44%, 30%) hydrolysis and adenosine (43%, 34%) deamination, respectively. The expression of the protein NTPDase in rat lymphocytes was decreased to nicotine 1mg/kg and the lymphocytes count was decreased in both nicotine doses studied. The purine levels measured in serum of the rats treated with nicotine 0.25mg/kg significantly increased to ATP (39%), ADP (39%) and adenosine (303%). The nicotine exposure marker was determinate by level of cotinine level which significantly increased in rats treated with nicotine 0.25 (39%) and 1mg/kg (131%) when compared to rats that received only saline. The second set of study was in vitro assay which the ATP-ADP-adenosine hydrolysis were decreased by nicotine concentrations 1mM (0% - 0% - 16%, respectively), 5mM (42% - 32% - 74%, respectively), 10mM (80% - 27% - 80%, respectively) and 50mM (96% - 49% - 98%, respectively) when compared with the control group. We suggest that alterations in the activities of these enzymes may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the suppression of immune response caused by nicotine.
Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/enzymology , Nicotine/pharmacology , Nucleotidases/metabolism , Adenosine/metabolism , Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Animals , Cotinine/metabolism , Hydrolysis/drug effects , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Male , Purines/metabolism , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Cytological analysis of the pleural cavity becomes extremely important for the diagnosis of tumors that have no visible or palpable mass. The aim of this study is to report a case of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat, a rare neoplasm, emphasizing the importance of laboratory tests, especially the analysis of effusions. This report discloses the usefulness of cytology in effusions directing the clinical veterinarian for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
A análise citológica das efusões cavitárias torna-se de suma importância para o diagnóstico de neoplasmas que não possuem massa visível ou palpável. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de sarcoma histiocítico hemofagocítico em um felino, um neoplasma de ocorrência rara, enfatizando a importância dos exames laboratoriais, 1 principalmente análise de efusões. Este relato expõe a utilidade da análise citológica das efusões direcionando o clínico veterinário para o diagnóstico correto e posterior tratamento.
ABSTRACT
Cytological analysis of the pleural cavity becomes extremely important for the diagnosis of tumors that have no visible or palpable mass. The aim of this study is to report a case of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a cat, a rare neoplasm, emphasizing the importance of laboratory tests, especially the analysis of effusions. This report discloses the usefulness of cytology in effusions directing the clinical veterinarian for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment.
A análise citológica das efusões cavitárias torna-se de suma importância para o diagnóstico de neoplasmas que não possuem massa visível ou palpável. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de sarcoma histiocítico hemofagocítico em um felino, um neoplasma de ocorrência rara, enfatizando a importância dos exames laboratoriais, 1 principalmente análise de efusões. Este relato expõe a utilidade da análise citológica das efusões direcionando o clínico veterinário para o diagnóstico correto e posterior tratamento.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to describe a case of erythremic myelosis in a cat. This disease is considered rare in veterinary clinics. A one-year-old female siamese cat was brought to the veterinary hospital with clinical signs of severe anemia, emaciation and fever. The blood panel revealed marked nonregenerative anemia with elevated number of atypical erythroid progenitors and megacaryoblasts. Elevated atypical erythroid over myeloid precursors (above 85%) were also found in bone marrow biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes revealed immature erythoid cells. At necropsy, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow were obliterated by neoplastic cells. The diagnosis of erythremic myelosis was given by clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings.
Neste relato, é descrito um caso de mielose eritrêmica em um gato. Essa doença é considerada de aparecimento raro na clínica médica veterinária. Uma gata, raça Siamês, de um ano de idade, foi atendida com sinais clínicos de acentuada anemia, emaciação e febre. Havia marcada anemia arregenerativa, com grande número de precursores eritróides e megaloblastos atípicos, identificados pelo hemograma. O mielograma revelou população eritrocitária acima de 85%, quando comparada com a mielóide. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina dos linfonodos revelou a presença de células eritróides imaturas. Na necropsia, o baço, os linfonodos e a medula óssea estavam obliterados por células neoplásicas. O diagnóstico de mielose eritrêmica foi dado com base nos achados clínico-laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to describe a case of erythremic myelosis in a cat. This disease is considered rare in veterinary clinics. A one-year-old female siamese cat was brought to the veterinary hospital with clinical signs of severe anemia, emaciation and fever. The blood panel revealed marked nonregenerative anemia with elevated number of atypical erythroid progenitors and megacaryoblasts. Elevated atypical erythroid over myeloid precursors (above 85%) were also found in bone marrow biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes revealed immature erythoid cells. At necropsy, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow were obliterated by neoplastic cells. The diagnosis of erythremic myelosis was given by clinical, laboratorial and pathological findings.
Neste relato, é descrito um caso de mielose eritrêmica em um gato. Essa doença é considerada de aparecimento raro na clínica médica veterinária. Uma gata, raça Siamês, de um ano de idade, foi atendida com sinais clínicos de acentuada anemia, emaciação e febre. Havia marcada anemia arregenerativa, com grande número de precursores eritróides e megaloblastos atípicos, identificados pelo hemograma. O mielograma revelou população eritrocitária acima de 85%, quando comparada com a mielóide. A citologia aspirativa por agulha fina dos linfonodos revelou a presença de células eritróides imaturas. Na necropsia, o baço, os linfonodos e a medula óssea estavam obliterados por células neoplásicas. O diagnóstico de mielose eritrêmica foi dado com base nos achados clínico-laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos.
ABSTRACT
O Syzygium cumini, conhecido popularmente como Jambolão é uma planta amplamente utilizada no tratamento da diabetes melito insulino dependente (DMID). Este estudo verificou a ação do Syzygium cumini no sistema nervoso central e gastrintestinal de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). Foi realizada a administração oral por gavagem do extrato aquoso da casca de Syzygium cumini, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo. Após um período de trinta dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o sistema nervoso central (SNC) e trato gastrintestinal foram retirados, avaliados macroscopica e microscopicamente. A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex cerebral, estriato, e hipocampo. Não houve diferença histológica no sistema digestório entre os animais do grupo C e CT e entre DC e DT. Apesar de não haver alteração histológica no encéfalo de nenhum animal, foi observado uma inibição na atividade da acetilcolinesterase no cerebelo e córtex cerebral de ratos do grupo DT (p 0,05), comparado com o CT. No estriato houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo CT (p 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrado nenhuma variação significativa. Esses result
ABSTRACT
O Syzygium cumini, conhecido popularmente como Jambolão é uma planta amplamente utilizada no tratamento da diabetes melito insulino dependente (DMID). Este estudo verificou a ação do Syzygium cumini no sistema nervoso central e gastrintestinal de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). Foi realizada a administração oral por gavagem do extrato aquoso da casca de Syzygium cumini, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo. Após um período de trinta dias, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o sistema nervoso central (SNC) e trato gastrintestinal foram retirados, avaliados macroscopica e microscopicamente. A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex cerebral, estriato, e hipocampo. Não houve diferença histológica no sistema digestório entre os animais do grupo C e CT e entre DC e DT. Apesar de não haver alteração histológica no encéfalo de nenhum animal, foi observado uma inibição na atividade da acetilcolinesterase no cerebelo e córtex cerebral de ratos do grupo DT (p 0,05), comparado com o CT. No estriato houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo CT (p 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrado nenhuma variação significativa. Esses result
ABSTRACT
The present study verified the efficiency of the bark ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini on the cholinergic system of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty-nine female rats were divided in control (C), treated with Syzygium cumini (TS), diabetic (D) and diabetic treated with Syzygium cumini (DS). The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was analyzed in the following cerebral structures: cerebellum, cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini in the dose of 1g.kg-1 was administered orally daily for a period of thirty days. After this period the extract inhibited the activity of the AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the rats in the DS group (P 0.05) as, compared to TS. In the striatum there was a significant increase in the activity of the AChE in rats of the TS group (P 0.01) when compared to the C group, and in the hippocampus there was no significant variation. These results indicate that the bark extract of "Jambolão"has an inhibitory effect on AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex and an stimulatory effect on striatum, indicating a possible alteration in the functionality of the cholinergic system in such cerebral structures.
Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre o sistema colinérgico de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), tratado com Syzygium cumini (TS), diabético (D) e diabético tratado com Syzygium cumini (DS). A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex, estriado e hipocampo. O extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini na dose de 1g.kg-1 foi administrado diariamente por um período de trinta dias. Foi verificado após este período que o extrato inibiu a atividade da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral dos ratos do grupo DS (P 0,05), comparado com o TS. No estriado houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo TS (P 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrada nenhuma variação significativa. Esses resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão, possui um efeito inibitório da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral e um efeito ativador sobre essa enzima no estriado, indicando uma possível alteração na funcionalidade do sistema colinérgico nestas estruturas cerebrais.
ABSTRACT
This study verified the effect of Syzygium cumini bark extract on the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. The animals were allocated into four groups, control (C), treated control (TC), diabetic control (DC) and treated diabetic (TD). An aqueous extract from Syzygium cumini bark, was given by gavage in a daily dose of 1g kg-1 of body weight. After a thirty day period, the animals were euthanized and the pancreas taken to imunno-histochemical analysis. A significant decrease in the number and size of islets, citoarchitectural alterations, as well as a severe decrease in the number of positive cells in diabetic animals (p 0.0001) was observed. However, was noticed a no significant difference neither between DC and DT nor C and CT groups. These results indicate that the Syzygium cumini bark extract does not affect significantly the number, size and citoarchitecture of islets, and, it also does not lead to an increase in beta cell number in animals treated with the plant extract.
Avaliou-se o efeito da administração oral do extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre o pâncreas de ratos normais e diabéticos. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). Os tratados receberam dose diária de 1g kg-1 de peso vivo, durante 30 dias. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o pâncreas retirado para análise histológica e imunoistoquímica para insulina. Neste estudo observou-se uma diminuição (P 0,001) no número e tamanho das ilhotas pancreáticas, alteração na sua citoarquitetura e diminuição (P 0,0001) do número de células com marcação positiva para insulina nos animais diabéticos em relação aos não diabéticos. Não foi observada diferença entre os animais dos grupos DC e DT e entre os dos grupos C e CT. Estes resultados indicam que o extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini não afeta o número, o tamanho e a citoarquitetura das ilhotas pancreáticas e não promove um aumento no número de células beta em animais tratados com a planta.
ABSTRACT
This study verified the effect of Syzygium cumini bark extract on the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. The animals were allocated into four groups, control (C), treated control (TC), diabetic control (DC) and treated diabetic (TD). An aqueous extract from Syzygium cumini bark, was given by gavage in a daily dose of 1g kg-1 of body weight. After a thirty day period, the animals were euthanized and the pancreas taken to imunno-histochemical analysis. A significant decrease in the number and size of islets, citoarchitectural alterations, as well as a severe decrease in the number of positive cells in diabetic animals (p 0.0001) was observed. However, was noticed a no significant difference neither between DC and DT nor C and CT groups. These results indicate that the Syzygium cumini bark extract does not affect significantly the number, size and citoarchitecture of islets, and, it also does not lead to an increase in beta cell number in animals treated with the plant extract.
Avaliou-se o efeito da administração oral do extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre o pâncreas de ratos normais e diabéticos. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). Os tratados receberam dose diária de 1g kg-1 de peso vivo, durante 30 dias. Os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia e o pâncreas retirado para análise histológica e imunoistoquímica para insulina. Neste estudo observou-se uma diminuição (P 0,001) no número e tamanho das ilhotas pancreáticas, alteração na sua citoarquitetura e diminuição (P 0,0001) do número de células com marcação positiva para insulina nos animais diabéticos em relação aos não diabéticos. Não foi observada diferença entre os animais dos grupos DC e DT e entre os dos grupos C e CT. Estes resultados indicam que o extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini não afeta o número, o tamanho e a citoarquitetura das ilhotas pancreáticas e não promove um aumento no número de células beta em animais tratados com a planta.
ABSTRACT
The present study verified the efficiency of the bark ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini on the cholinergic system of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty-nine female rats were divided in control (C), treated with Syzygium cumini (TS), diabetic (D) and diabetic treated with Syzygium cumini (DS). The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was analyzed in the following cerebral structures: cerebellum, cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini in the dose of 1g.kg-1 was administered orally daily for a period of thirty days. After this period the extract inhibited the activity of the AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of the rats in the DS group (P 0.05) as, compared to TS. In the striatum there was a significant increase in the activity of the AChE in rats of the TS group (P 0.01) when compared to the C group, and in the hippocampus there was no significant variation. These results indicate that the bark extract of "Jambolão"has an inhibitory effect on AChE in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex and an stimulatory effect on striatum, indicating a possible alteration in the functionality of the cholinergic system in such cerebral structures.
Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre o sistema colinérgico de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), tratado com Syzygium cumini (TS), diabético (D) e diabético tratado com Syzygium cumini (DS). A atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) foi analisada nas seguintes estruturas cerebrais: cerebelo, córtex, estriado e hipocampo. O extrato etanólico da casca de Syzygium cumini na dose de 1g.kg-1 foi administrado diariamente por um período de trinta dias. Foi verificado após este período que o extrato inibiu a atividade da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral dos ratos do grupo DS (P 0,05), comparado com o TS. No estriado houve um aumento significativo na atividade da AChE nos ratos do grupo TS (P 0,01) comparado com o C, e no hipocampo não foi encontrada nenhuma variação significativa. Esses resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão, possui um efeito inibitório da AChE no cerebelo e córtex cerebral e um efeito ativador sobre essa enzima no estriado, indicando uma possível alteração na funcionalidade do sistema colinérgico nestas estruturas cerebrais.
ABSTRACT
A two-day old male Jersey calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFSM. The history included constant flexion of both anterior fetlocks and impossibility of standing up. A conservative treatment with PVC casts was installed. Casts were changed every 72 hours and their angle readjusted. The animal presented labored breathing with audible stridor, principally during and immediately after nursing. At the 28th day of treatment the calf suffered luxation of the right coxofemoral joint. Forty-eight hours later, the left side also was displaced. Due to the bilateral luxation and the increasing respiratory distress the animal was euthanatized on the 33rd day of treatment. At necropsy, in the heart was observed patency of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. The trachea had a luminal constriction with significant reduction of internal diameter on the initial four segments. The coxal fossa on both sides were considerably shallow.
Um bovino macho, Jersey, dois dias de idade, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com histórico de flexão constante de ambas as articulações metacarpo-falangiana (boleto) e impossibilidade de permanecer em estação. Optou-se por um tratamento conservativo, com o uso de talas de PVC, em que o ângulo era reajustado a cada 72 horas. O animal apresentava dispnéia inspiratória, com estridores audíveis, sendo estes mais evidentes durante e após a amamentação. No 28º dia de internação, verificou-se luxação espontânea da articulação coxofemoral direita e após quarenta e oito horas, da articulação coxofemoral esquerda. Devido à presença de luxação bilateral da articulação coxofemoral e do intenso estresse respiratório, observado a partir do 33º dia de internação, optou-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia, foi observado, no coração, persistência do forame oval e ducto arterioso e, na traquéia, estreitamento da luz nos quatro primeiros anéis, sendo que os demais apresentavam segmentos irregulares. As fossas acetabulares encontravam-se com rasamento.
ABSTRACT
The plant Syzygium cumini, also known as Black Plum is used widely in the popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study verified the efficiency of the extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini on the glycemic levels and oxidative stress of normal and diabetic rats induced by alloxan. The animals were divided in control group (C), control treatment group (CT), diabetic control group (DC) and diabetic treatment group (DT). Oral administration of the aqueous extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini, in the dose of 1g/kg live weight, for a period of thirty days, did not result in a significant reduction on glycemia or on glucosilated hemoglobin levels. The treatment with the extract demonstrated an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in the plasma of the DT group (P 0.05), compared to the C. Kidney catalase activity of rats in DC group decreased significantly (P 0.01) and, in the liver, it showed a significant elevation in group DC (P 0.01). Those results indicated that the extract of Syzygium cumini bark does not possess hypoglycemic effect in alloxan diabetic induced rats. The antioxidant effect of this plant was not enough to reduce the production of TBA-RS significantly. The decrease of catalase activity in the kidneys can be owed to its exhaustion or inhibition, and its increase in the liver could be due to oxidative stress caused by the diabetic status.
O Syzygium cumini, também conhecido como Jambolão é amplamente utilizado na medicina popular para o tratamento da diabetes melito. Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre os níveis glicêmicos e estresse oxidativo de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos por aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). A administração oral do extrato aquoso da casca de Jambolão, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo, por um período de trinta dias, não resultou em uma redução significativa na glicemia e nos níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada. Neste estudo, o tratamento com o extrato demonstrou um aumento dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA-RS) no plasma dos ratos do grupo DT (P 0,05), comparado com o C. A atividade da catalase nos rins dos ratos do grupo DC diminuiu significativamente (P 0,01) e no fígado houve uma elevação significativa dessa enzima no grupo DC (P 0,01). Estes resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão não possui efeito hipoglicemiante em ratos diabéticos induzidos pelo aloxano. O efeito antioxidante desta planta não foi suficiente para diminuir significativamente a produção de TBA-RS. A diminuição da atividade da catalase nos rins pode ser devida à exaustão ou inibição desta enzima e seu aumento, no fígado, devido ao estresse oxidativo, ocasionado pelo estado diabético.
ABSTRACT
The plant Syzygium cumini, also known as Black Plum is used widely in the popular medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. This study verified the efficiency of the extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini on the glycemic levels and oxidative stress of normal and diabetic rats induced by alloxan. The animals were divided in control group (C), control treatment group (CT), diabetic control group (DC) and diabetic treatment group (DT). Oral administration of the aqueous extract of the bark of Syzygium cumini, in the dose of 1g/kg live weight, for a period of thirty days, did not result in a significant reduction on glycemia or on glucosilated hemoglobin levels. The treatment with the extract demonstrated an increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) in the plasma of the DT group (P 0.05), compared to the C. Kidney catalase activity of rats in DC group decreased significantly (P 0.01) and, in the liver, it showed a significant elevation in group DC (P 0.01). Those results indicated that the extract of Syzygium cumini bark does not possess hypoglycemic effect in alloxan diabetic induced rats. The antioxidant effect of this plant was not enough to reduce the production of TBA-RS significantly. The decrease of catalase activity in the kidneys can be owed to its exhaustion or inhibition, and its increase in the liver could be due to oxidative stress caused by the diabetic status.
O Syzygium cumini, também conhecido como Jambolão é amplamente utilizado na medicina popular para o tratamento da diabetes melito. Este estudo verificou a eficiência do extrato da casca de Syzygium cumini sobre os níveis glicêmicos e estresse oxidativo de ratos normais e diabéticos induzidos por aloxano. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (C), controle tratado (CT), diabético controle (DC) e diabético tratado (DT). A administração oral do extrato aquoso da casca de Jambolão, na dose de 1g/kg de peso vivo, por um período de trinta dias, não resultou em uma redução significativa na glicemia e nos níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada. Neste estudo, o tratamento com o extrato demonstrou um aumento dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBA-RS) no plasma dos ratos do grupo DT (P 0,05), comparado com o C. A atividade da catalase nos rins dos ratos do grupo DC diminuiu significativamente (P 0,01) e no fígado houve uma elevação significativa dessa enzima no grupo DC (P 0,01). Estes resultados indicam que o extrato da casca do Jambolão não possui efeito hipoglicemiante em ratos diabéticos induzidos pelo aloxano. O efeito antioxidante desta planta não foi suficiente para diminuir significativamente a produção de TBA-RS. A diminuição da atividade da catalase nos rins pode ser devida à exaustão ou inibição desta enzima e seu aumento, no fígado, devido ao estresse oxidativo, ocasionado pelo estado diabético.
ABSTRACT
A two-day old male Jersey calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UFSM. The history included constant flexion of both anterior fetlocks and impossibility of standing up. A conservative treatment with PVC casts was installed. Casts were changed every 72 hours and their angle readjusted. The animal presented labored breathing with audible stridor, principally during and immediately after nursing. At the 28th day of treatment the calf suffered luxation of the right coxofemoral joint. Forty-eight hours later, the left side also was displaced. Due to the bilateral luxation and the increasing respiratory distress the animal was euthanatized on the 33rd day of treatment. At necropsy, in the heart was observed patency of the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. The trachea had a luminal constriction with significant reduction of internal diameter on the initial four segments. The coxal fossa on both sides were considerably shallow.
Um bovino macho, Jersey, dois dias de idade, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com histórico de flexão constante de ambas as articulações metacarpo-falangiana (boleto) e impossibilidade de permanecer em estação. Optou-se por um tratamento conservativo, com o uso de talas de PVC, em que o ângulo era reajustado a cada 72 horas. O animal apresentava dispnéia inspiratória, com estridores audíveis, sendo estes mais evidentes durante e após a amamentação. No 28º dia de internação, verificou-se luxação espontânea da articulação coxofemoral direita e após quarenta e oito horas, da articulação coxofemoral esquerda. Devido à presença de luxação bilateral da articulação coxofemoral e do intenso estresse respiratório, observado a partir do 33º dia de internação, optou-se pela eutanásia. Na necropsia, foi observado, no coração, persistência do forame oval e ducto arterioso e, na traquéia, estreitamento da luz nos quatro primeiros anéis, sendo que os demais apresentavam segmentos irregulares. As fossas acetabulares encontravam-se com rasamento.