Titration of dosage for the protective effect of zoledronic acid on bone loss in patients submitted to androgen deprivation therapy due to prostate cancer: a prospective open-label study.

BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates were incorporated as agents for the long-term effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) but no comparative study was established for the optimal schedule for bone preservation. METHODS: Ninety-five consecutive prostate cancer patients submitted to radical retropubic prostatectomy were recruited. At rising PSA they were prospectively enrolled in nonrandomized fashion and grouped to receive no treatment (21 - control group), and monthly (17), bi-monthly (15), tri-monthly (19) or semestral (15) 4 mg zoledronic acid infusions. The patients were followed to a minimum of 30 months after receiving ADT by LHRH agonists. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured every 6 months in all 5 studied groups in order to compare the effect of each regimen to nontreatment. Tukey-Kramer and Scheffe's tests were used. RESULTS: The control group showed an impressive BMD loss throughout the study period. The 4 groups treated with zoledronic acid infusions showed increased BMD in the lumbar area on periodical densitometry and no statistical differences could be established among the 4 studied schedules. Different individual patterns of decreasing (control) or increasing (treated) BMD could be seen along the study as measured by bone densitometry. CONCLUSIONS: Zoledronic acid treatment promoted effective osseous protection against the natural demineralization process in patients with prostate cancer recurrence submitted to ADT.

Pubo-fascial versus vaginal sling operation for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a prospective study.

AIMS: To compare the long-term results of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) treatment involving the fascial or vaginal sling operations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two-hundred-thirty-two women were consecutively submitted to fascial or vaginal sling operations due to urodynamic proven SUI. The fascial group had a median age of 47.3 years with a parity of 2.2 and 1.8 surgeries/patient, while the vaginal group demonstrated a median age of 48.5 years with a median parity of 3.1 and 2.2 anterior surgeries/patient. The results were subjectively classified as cured--no further pads, greatly improved--very rare dribbling, improved--eventual dribbling necessitating one pad, no cure--with no urine loss change and worse. The number of pads/day, the presence of urgency or urge-incontinence episodes were all measured. Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test was employed. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for an average time of 70.3 and 44.9 months, in the fascial and vaginal sling group respectively. Subjective clinical success rate was 93.7% for the fascial sling group and 79.8% for the vaginal one, however, the stratification of the results favored the fascial sling group mostly with 74.4% (94 cases) of the cases with total urinary control and no voiding dysfunctions. Only two cases (1.6%) in this group classified themselves as worsened. On the other hand, the vaginal sling subset revealed cure with total clinical satisfaction and no urinary complaint in 61.5% (62 females) (P > 0.05). Thirteen cases (12.5%) reported recurrence of the urine loss under stress and these constituted the failure group. The average number of pads diminished from 3.3 (+/- 0.8) to 0.2 (+/- 0.2) and from 3.2 (+/- 0.7) to 0.6 (+/- 0.5) after the surgery, for the fascial and vaginal sling operations respectively. Return to daily activities occurred after 9.3 days (+/- 1.2, max: 33, min: 2) for the fascial slings and 5.3 days (+/- 0.2, max: 17, min: 2) in the vaginal group. Surgical complications were compared between the groups. Time to urethral voiding varied according to expertise, demonstrating a diminishing tendency after the initial 20 cases. Female obstruction was observed in 11.1% of the fascial slings and 8.6% after vaginal approach, but none in the vaginal group required urethrolysis. Looking individually, the FS group migrated to the worse results while the VWS group started to lose the efficiency after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Sling operations are a safe and efficacious option to treat SUI, however, the results can vary according to the technique employed. Shorter efficacy and fewer complications are observed in vaginal wall sling operations, while durable results, but with a higher rate of voiding dysfunctions compromising the long-term clinical satisfaction may be observed after excessive urethral suspensions, as in fascial sling suspension.