ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Various different mucocutaneous symptoms may affect up to 80 % of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate, various unspecific, but otherwise typical clinical symptoms of skin and mucous membranes that arise in SLE patients other than those defined as SLE criteria such as butterfly rash, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, oral ulcers, and increased photosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extensive search of peer-reviewed scientific articles was performed, medical histories of several SLE patients seen in our department were analyzed, and the rare disease courses in three SLE patients are presented. RESULTS: Here we present a variety of unspecific but typical mucocutaneous manifestations in SLE patients: periungual erythema, periungual telangiectasia and periungual splinter hemorrhage, papules on the dorsum of the hands, scaling erythema, sometimes associated with necrosis, especially of the ears, along with complement deficiency, and the bizarre necroses of antiphospholipid syndrome. Furthermore, we show the typical clinico-histological features of neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis, as well as those of bullous SLE and finally a severe course of bacterial sepsis with Neisseria flavescens/macacae. CONCLUSIONS: Here we show several unspecific but rather typical mucocutaneous symptoms in lupus patients that are indicative of SLE and thus may lead to an early diagnosis. Also, life-threatening bacterial sepsis may occur with microorganisms that are commonly considered "apathogenic", such as Neisseria flavescens/macacae, which exclusively affect immunosuppressed patients.
