ABSTRACT
The medicalisation of childbirth has diminished the role of labouring people. We conducted an exploratory phenomenological qualitative study, using purposive sampling, and then conducted 17 semi-structured interviews between December 2016 and October 2017 with people who had recently given birth in a public hospital in the Northern Metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile. The sufficiency of the study group was determined according to saturation criteria. Triangulated content analysis was applied to explore the clinical relationship and processes of autonomy and decision-making. The predominant clinical relationship observed was paternalism. The participation of labouring people in decision-making is scarce, with no evidence of ethically valid processes of informed consent.
Subject(s)
Labor, Obstetric , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Latin America , Qualitative Research , Attitude of Health Personnel , ChileABSTRACT
Fundamento: las prácticas clínicas son un componente esencial para la formación de los estudiantes de Obstetricia y Puericultura, porque permiten aplicar los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos. Objetivo: identificar los estresores que influyen desfavorablemente en los estudiantes de segundo y tercer años de la carrera de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad de Chile, durante las prácticas clínicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal y descriptivo en la Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad de Chile durante el periodo marzo-diciembre, 2016. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y empíricos: el cuestionario Stai para medir el nivel de ansiedad y el Kezkak, que mide estresores en las prácticas clínicas. Resultados: se identificaron los estresores que afectan la práctica clínica de los estudiantes de segundo y tercer años de Obstetricia; se constató, a través de la aplicación del cuestionario de Kezkak, que los más altos se relacionan con las competencias, la impotencia e incertidumbre; y como menos preocupantes, las relaciones interpersonales y la implicación emocional, entre ellas la muerte de un paciente, esta última dada por la inexperiencia en la atención a enfermos terminales; el cuestionario de Stai indica que la ansiedad/rasgo es mayor en comparación con la ansiedad/estado. Conclusiones: las situaciones de estrés que viven con mayor intensidad los estudiantes se deben a la inseguridad que representa enfrentarse a situaciones nuevas y al miedo a no saber responder con un dominio adecuado de las competencias, más que a un rasgo de su personalidad.
Background: clinical practices are an essential component for the training of students of Obstetrics and Childcare, because they allow applying the theoretical knowledge acquired. Objective: to identify the stressors that adversely affect the second and third year students of the Obstetrics and Child Care of the University of Chile, during the clinical practices. Methods: a cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out at the School of Obstetrics and Child Care of the University of Chile during the period March-December, 2016. Theoretical methods were used for the foundation of the research and empirical: the Stai questionnaire to measure the level of anxiety and Kezkak, which measures stressors in clinical practices. Results: stressors that affect the clinical practice of the second and third year obstetrics students were identified; it was found, through the application of the Kezkak questionnaire, that the highest are related to competencies, impotence and uncertainty; and as less worrisome, interpersonal relationships and emotional involvement, including the death of a patient, the latter given by inexperience in the care of the terminally ill; Stai's questionnaire indicates that the anxiety / trait is greater compared to the anxiety / condition. Conclusions: the situations of stress that students live with greater intensity are due to the insecurity that represents facing new situations and the fear of not knowing how to respond with a proper mastery of the skills, rather than a feature of his personality.
