Comparação dos efeitos da eletrolipólise transcutânea e percutânea sobre a gordura localizada na região abdominal e de flancos através da perimetria e análise de bioimpedância elétrica / Comparison of lipolysis by transcutaneous and percutaneous electrical stimulation on localized abdominal fat through perimeter and electrical bioimpedance analysis

Este estudo buscou verifi car a efi cácia da utilização da eletrolipólisenos modos transcutâneo e percutâneo no tratamento deadiposidades localizadas na região abdominal e fl ancos. A amostrafoi composta de 18 voluntárias, do gênero feminino, com idadesentre 20 e 30 anos. Primeiramente foi realizada uma avaliação clínica,bioimpedância e medidas de perimetria. O tratamento foi realizadouma vez na semana, totalizando 10 sessões. A amostra foi divididaem três grupos: Grupo 1, composto de voluntárias que não realizaramtratamento; Grupo 2, tratamento com eletrolipólise no modotranscutâneo (eletrodos de silicone) e Grupo 3, com a utilizaçãodo modo percutâneo (agulhas). Após a realização do tratamento asvoluntárias foram submetidas à reavaliação. Para a comparação dasmédias do pré e pós-tratamento em cada grupo foi utilizado o testet de student. Os resultados do Grupo 1, além de indicarem aumentoda gordura corporal, não indicaram diferença nas variáveis de perimetria.Já nos Grupos 2 e 3, apesar de não ter havido diminuição dagordura corporal total, houve diferença signifi cativa na perimetria,parecendo ter ocorrido redução da gordura localizada neste grupo.O estudo demonstrou que a eletrolipólise pode ser usada como umrecurso efi caz no tratamento da gordura localizada...

This study aimed to evaluate the eff ectiveness of transcutaneousand percutaneous lipolysis by electrical stimulation in the treatmentof localized adiposity in the abdominal region and fl anks. Th e sampleconsisted of 18 volunteer, female, 20 to 30 years old. We fi rstperformed a clinical evaluation, bioelectrical impedance analysis andperimetric measures. Th e treatment was performed once a week, totaling10 sessions. Th e sample was divided into three groups: Group1, composed of volunteers who did not receive treatment, Group2, treatment with transcutaneous electric stimulation mode (siliconelectrodes) and Group 3, with the use of percutaneous stimulation(needle). After the treatment the volunteers were evaluated again.For comparison of pre- and post-treatment in each group was usedthe Student t test. Th e results of Group 1 show increasing of body fatand no diff erence in the variables of perimetry. In Groups 2 and 3,although there has been no decrease in total body fat, was observedsignifi cant diff erence in the perimeter, with reduction of localized fatin this group. Th e study showed that lipolysis by electric stimulationcan be used as an eff ective therapy in the treatment of localized fat...

Tratamento da gordura ginóide através da fonoforese com tiratricol / Treatment of gynoid fat through phonophoresis with tiratricol

Este estudo objetivou verifi car os efeitos do tratamento dagordura ginóide através da fonoforese com tiratricol (TRIAC). 24mulheres voluntárias com idades entre 20 e 30 anos foram divididasem três grupos: Grupo 1 (TRIAC); Grupo 2 (gel de condução) eGrupo 3 (controle). Foi realizada uma avaliação física (incluindoperimetria) e um exame de Ultrassonografi a Diagnóstica para mensuraçãoda camada superfi cial de gordura pré e pós-tratamento. Otratamento foi realizado três vezes por semana, com duração de 10minutos em cada região tratada. Na análise dos resultados utilizou-seTeste t de Student e/ou ANOVA de uma via seguida de post hoc deTukey. Com relação aos resultados da medida perimétrica da coxa,no Grupo 1 (TRIAC) foi identifi cada diferença entre os valorespré e pós-tratamento. O grupo 1 apresentou uma maior perda degordura após o tratamento, o que sugere que o TRIAC foi efetivo naredução da gordura. Concluímos que a fonoforese com permeaçãode TRIAC é um recurso efi caz que pode ser usado no tratamentoda gordura localizada ginóide...

The aim of this study was to verify the eff ects of treatment usingphonophoresis with tiratricol (TRIAC) on gynoid fat. 24 womenaged 20 to 30 years were assigned according to three groups: Group1 (TRIAC); Group 2 (gel driving) and Group 3 (Control). Subjectswere submitted to physical assessment (including perimeter) anda Diagnostic Ultrasonography to quantify the superfi cial layer offat pre and post-treatment. Th e treatment was performed threetimes per week, in sessions of 10 minutes at each area treated.Data analysis involved Student’s t-test and/or one way ANOVAfollowed by post-hoc Tukey. Regarding perimeter of the thigh, inthe group 1 (TRIAC) was identifi ed a diff erence between the preand post-treatment. Group 1 showed the higher magnitude of fatlost after treatment, which suggests TRIAC was eff ective to reducefat. We conclude that phonophoresis using TRIAC’s permeation isan eff ective option for treatment of gynoid fat distribution...

Abrasion wear resistance of different artificial teeth opposed to metal and composite antagonists.

UNLABELLED: One of the most important properties of artificial teeth is the abrasion wear resistance, which is determinant in the maintenance of the rehabilitation's occlusal pattern. OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aims to evaluate the abrasion wear resistance of 7 brands of artificial teeth opposed to two types of antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven groups were prepared with 12 specimens each (BIOLUX & BL, TRILUX & TR, BLUE DENT & BD, BIOCLER & BC, POSTARIS & PO, ORTHOSIT & OR, GNATHOSTAR & GN), opposed to metallic (M & nickel-chromium alloy), and to composite antagonists (C & Solidex indirect composite). A mechanical loading device was used (240 cycles/min, 4 Hz speed, 10 mm antagonist course). Initial and final contours of each specimen were registered with aid of a profile projector (20x magnification). The linear difference between the two profiles was measured and the registered values were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Regarding the antagonists, only OR (M = 10.45 +/- 1.42 microm and C = 2.77 +/- 0.69 microm) and BC (M = 6.70 +/- 1.37 microm and C = 4.48 +/- 0.80 microm) presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Best results were obtained with PO (C = 2.33 +/- 0.91 microm and M = 1.78 +/- 0.42 microm), followed by BL (C = 3.70 +/- 1.32 microm and M = 3.70 +/- 0.61 microm), statistically similar for both antagonists (p>0.05). Greater result variance was obtained with OR, which presented the worse results opposed to Ni-Cr (10.45 +/- 1.42 microm), and results similar to the best ones against composite (2.77 +/- 0.69 microm). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the antagonist material is a factor of major importance to be considered in the choice of the artificial teeth to be used in the prosthesis.

Abrasion wear resistance of different artificial teeth opposed to metal and composite antagonists

One of the most important properties of artificial teeth is the abrasion wear resistance, which is determinant in the maintenance of the rehabilitation's occlusal pattern. OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aims to evaluate the abrasion wear resistance of 7 brands of artificial teeth opposed to two types of antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven groups were prepared with 12 specimens each (BIOLUX & BL, TRILUX & TR, BLUE DENT & BD, BIOCLER & BC, POSTARIS & PO, ORTHOSIT & OR, GNATHOSTAR & GN), opposed to metallic (M & nickel-chromium alloy), and to composite antagonists (C & Solidex indirect composite). A mechanical loading device was used (240 cycles/min, 4 Hz speed, 10 mm antagonist course). Initial and final contours of each specimen were registered with aid of a profile projector (20x magnification). The linear difference between the two profiles was measured and the registered values were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Regarding the antagonists, only OR (M = 10.45 ± 1.42 µm and C = 2.77 ± 0.69 µm) and BC (M = 6.70 ± 1.37 µm and C = 4.48 ± 0.80 µm) presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Best results were obtained with PO (C = 2.33 ± 0.91 µm and M = 1.78 ± 0.42 µm), followed by BL (C = 3.70 ± 1.32 µm and M = 3.70 ± 0.61 µm), statistically similar for both antagonists (p>0.05). Greater result variance was obtained with OR, which presented the worse results opposed to Ni-Cr (10.45 ± 1.42 µm), and results similar to the best ones against composite (2.77 ± 0.69 µm). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that the antagonist material is a factor of major importance to be considered in the choice of the artificial teeth to be used in the prosthesis.

Hemispheric brain injury and behavioral deficits induced by severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats are not attenuated by intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood cells.

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in infants. Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is a potential source of cellular therapy in perinatology. We investigated the effects of HUCB cells on spatial memory, motor performance, and brain morphologic changes in neonate rats submitted to HI. Seven-day-old rats underwent right carotid artery occlusion followed by exposure to 8% O(2) inhalation for 2 h. Twenty-four hours after HI, rats received either saline solution or HUCB cells i.v. After 3 wk, rats were assessed using a Morris Water Maze and four motor tests. Subsequently, rats were killed for histologic, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. HI rats showed significant spatial memory deficits and a volumetric decrease in the hemisphere ipsilateral to arterial occlusion. These deficits and decreases were not significantly attenuated by the injection of HUCB cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence and PCR analysis revealed few HUCB cells located in rat brain. Intravenous administration of HUCB cells requires optimization to achieve improved therapeutic outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Physical exercise can reverse the deficit in fear memory induced by maternal deprivation.

Maternal deprivation during the first 10 days of life induces significant behavioral alterations in rodents which persist through adulthood. Physical exercise reduces the cognitive deficits associated with pharmacologic and pathological conditions. Here we investigated whether forced physical exercise alters memory deficits caused by postnatal maternal deprivation. Male rats were divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) deprived, (3) exercised, and (4) deprived+exercised. In groups 2 and 4, pups were deprived from their mothers for 3h/day during the first 10 days post-birth. In groups 3 and 4, from postnatal day 45 (PND-45) on, animals were submitted to forced treadmill exercise. At adulthood, animals were submitted to four different behavioral tasks: open field, Morris water maze (MWM), object recognition (OR) and inhibitory avoidance (IA). Maternal deprivation had no effect on open field behavior, but disrupted memory in the three other tasks. Physical exercise alone had no effect, except for a slight enhancement of MWM learning. Importantly, physical exercise reversed the deficit of IA and reduced the deficit of spatial memory but not that of OR seen in deprived animals. It is possible that physical exercise may counteract the influence of maternal deprivation on neurohumoral or hormonal memory modulatory systems related to stress. Indeed, the decreasing order of the effect of exercise on the memory disturbances induced by deprivation roughly follows the descending degree of stress associated with each task (IA>MWM>OR). Maternal deprivation is known to hinder hormonal mechanisms involved in coping with stress.

Early postnatal maternal deprivation in rats induces memory deficits in adult life that can be reversed by donepezil and galantamine.

Early postnatal maternal deprivation is known to cause long-lasting neurobiological effects. Here, we investigated whether some of the cognitive aspects of these deficits might be related to a disruption of the cholinergic system. Pregnant Wistar rats were individually housed and maintained on a 12:12h light/dark cycle with food and water freely available. The mothers were separated from their pups for 3h per day from postnatal day 1 (PND-1) to PND-10. To do that, the dams were moved to a different cage and the pups maintained in the original home cage, which was transferred to a different room kept at 32 degrees C. After they reached 120-150 days of age, maternal-deprived and non-deprived animals were either sacrificed for brain acetylcholinesterase measurement, or trained and tested in an object recognition task and in a social recognition task as described by Rossato et al. (2007) [Rossato, J.I., Bevilaqua, L. R.M., Myskiw, J.C., Medina, J.H., Izquierdo, I., Cammarota, M. 2007. On the role hippocampal synthesis in the consolidation and reconsolidation of object recognition memory. Learn. Mem. 14, 36-46] and Lévy et al. (2003) [Lévy, F., Melo. A.I., Galef. B.G. Jr., Madden, M., Fleming. A.S. 2003. Complete maternal deprivation affects social, but not spatial, learning in adult rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 43, 177-191], respectively. There was increased acetylcholinesterase activity in hippocampus and perirhinal cortex of the deprived animals. In addition, they showed a clear impairment in memory of the two recognition tasks measured 24h after training. Oral administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil or galantamine (1mg/kg) 30min before training reversed the memory impairments caused by maternal deprivation. The findings suggest that maternal deprivation affects memory processing at adulthood through a change in brain cholinergic systems.

Effects of acute and chronic physical exercise and stress on different types of memory in rats

Here we study the effect of acute and chronic physical exercise in a treadmill and of daily stress (because forced exercise involves a degree of stress) during 2 or 8 weeks on different types of memory in male Wistar rats. The memory tests employed were: habituation in an open field, object recognition and spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Daily foot-shock stress enhanced habituation learning after 2 but not after 8 weeks; it hindered both short- (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) of the recognition task at 2 weeks but only STM after 8 weeks and had no effect on spatial learning after either 2 or 8 weeks. Acute but not chronic exercise also enhanced habituation in the open field and hindered STM and LTM in the recognition task. Chronic exercise enhanced one important measure of spatial learning (latency to escape) but not others. Our findings indicate that some care must be taken when interpreting effects of forced exercise on brain parameters since at least part of them may be due to the stress inherent to the training procedure.

Neste trabalho estudamos os efeitos do exercício forçado diário em esteira rolante e da exposição diária ao estresse (porque o exercício forçado envolve um certo grau de estresse) durante 2 ou 8 semanas em diferentes tipos de memória em ratos Wistar machos. Os testes de memória utilizados foram: habituação da exploração em um campo aberto, reconhecimento de objetos, e memória espacial no labirinto aquático de Morris. O estresse diário facilitou a memória de habituação, os animais aprenderam após 2 mas não após 8 semanas; houve prejuízo na memória curta (STM) e de longa duração (LTM) no teste de reconhecimento em 2 semanas, mas somente de STM após 8 semanas; não houve nenhum efeito na memória espacial após 2 ou 8 semanas. O protocolo do exercício facilitou também a memória de habituação no campo aberto após 2 mas não após 8 semanas; prejudicou STM e LTM na tarefa do reconhecimento após 2 mas não após 8 semanas; e facilitou uma medida importante da aprendizagem espacial após 8 semanas (latência de escape), mas não outras medidas. Nossos resultados indicam que algum cuidado deve ser tomado ao se interpretar efeitos de exercício forçado sobre as funções cognitivas, já que uma parte deles, embora não todos, podem ser atribuídos ao estresse inerente ao exercício.

Effects of acute and chronic physical exercise and stress on different types of memory in rats.

Here we study the effect of acute and chronic physical exercise in a treadmill and of daily stress (because forced exercise involves a degree of stress) during 2 or 8 weeks on different types of memory in male Wistar rats. The memory tests employed were: habituation in an open field, object recognition and spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Daily foot-shock stress enhanced habituation learning after 2 but not after 8 weeks; it hindered both short- (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) of the recognition task at 2 weeks but only STM after 8 weeks and had no effect on spatial learning after either 2 or 8 weeks. Acute but not chronic exercise also enhanced habituation in the open field and hindered STM and LTM in the recognition task. Chronic exercise enhanced one important measure of spatial learning (latency to escape) but not others. Our findings indicate that some care must be taken when interpreting effects of forced exercise on brain parameters since at least part of them may be due to the stress inherent to the training procedure.

The evidence for hippocampal long-term potentiation as a basis of memory for simple tasks.

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the enhancement of postsynaptic responses for hours, days or weeks following the brief repetitive afferent stimulation of presynaptic afferents. It has been proposed many times over the last 30 years to be the basis of long-term memory. Several recent findings finally supported this hypothesis: a) memory formation of one-trial avoidance learning depends on a series of molecular steps in the CA1 region of the hippocampus almost identical to those of LTP in the same region; b)hippocampal LTP in this region accompanies memory formation of that task and of another similar task. However, CA1 LTP and the accompanying memory processes can be dissociated, and in addition plastic events in several other brain regions(amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parietal cortex) are also necessary for memory formation of the one-trial task, and perhaps of many others.

The evidence for hippocampal long-term potentiation as a basis of memory for simple tasks

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the enhancement of postsynaptic responses for hours, days or weeks following the brief repetitive afferent stimulation of presynaptic afferents. It has been proposed many times over the last 30 years to be the basis of long-term memory. Several recent findings finally supported this hypothesis: a) memory formation of one-trial avoidance learning depends on a series of molecular steps in the CA1 region of the hippocampus almost identical to those of LTP in the same region; b)hippocampal LTP in this region accompanies memory formation of that task and of another similar task. However, CA1 LTP and the accompanying memory processes can be dissociated, and in addition plastic events in several other brain regions(amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parietal cortex) are also necessary for memory formation of the one-trial task, and perhaps of many others.

A potenciação de longa duração (LTP) é o aumento de respostas pós-sinápticas durante horas, dias ou semanas após a breve estimulação repetitiva de aferentes pre-sinápticos. Foi proposto durante 30 anos ser a base da memória de longa duração. Vários achados recentes finalmente apoiaram esta hipótese: a) a formação da memória de esquiva inibitória adquirida numa sessão depende de uma cadeia de processos moleculares na região CA1 do hipocampo quase idêntica à da LTP nessa mesma região; b) LTP hipocampal nessa região acompanha a formação da memóría dessa tarefa e de outra semelhante. No entanto, a LTP de CA1 e os processos de memória podem ser dissociados e, fora disso, processos plásticos em outras regiões cerebrais (amígdala, córtex entorrinal, córtex parietal) também são necessários para a formação da memória da tarefa de uma sessão e talvez de muitas outras.

Efeitos do laser He Ne e do modo de aplicação no processo de cicatrização de queimaduras em ratos / Effects of the He Ne laser and of the application mode on healing burns in rats

Esta pesquisa visou verificar os efeitos do laser terapêutico no tratamento de queimaduras em ratos da raça Wistar. Sessenta e dois ratos machos foram tricotomizados na região dorsal, em uma área de 4 cm2, submetidos à queimadura por óleo vegetal quente a 300oC e então divididos...

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of therapeutic laser in treating burns in Wistar rats. Sixty-two male rats had a 4 cm2 area trichotomized at the dorsal region, were submitted to burn with hot vegetable oil at 300oC...

Levantamento do grau de instruções e dos materiais e métodos de higiene utilizados por usuários de próteses totais / Rising of the instructions degree and of materials and methods of hygiene used by complete dentures users

O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo longitudinal a respeito dosmateriais e métodos de higiene utilizados por usuários de próteses totais, bem como avaliar ograu de instruções dos mesmos. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado por meio da aplicaçãode questionário e posterior tabulação dos dados. Foram entrevistados 98 usuários de prótesestotais no ano de 1989 e 100, no ano de 2004 atendidos na Faculdade de Odontologia de RibeirãoPreto-USP. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da comparação dos dados e pelo Teste dasProporções. Em 1989, 93,87% dos entrevistados relataram utilizar escova dental e dentifrício parahigiene de próteses totais. No ano de 2004, 95% dos usuários relataram utilizar o mesmo métodode higiene. Quanto ao grau de instrução, mais de 80% dos pacientes não receberam orientaçãoquanto à higienização ou quanto à necessidade de visita periódica ao cirurgião-dentista no ano de1989, mas em 2004 pôde-se notar que houve uma melhora significativa nesse quadro, uma vezque 52% dos pacientes não receberam orientação quanto à higienização e 77% não receberamorientação quanto à visita periódica ao cirurgião-dentista. Por meio deste estudo verificou-se queo método mais utilizado consiste no método mecânico, uma vez que são aqueles regularmenteencontrados no mercado, porém, estes não são específicos para higienização de próteses totais.Embora o grau de instrução tenha melhorado ao longo dos anos, a higiene oral de usuários deprótese total ainda é precária, havendo necessidade de maior atenção ao idoso, não somente porparte do cirurgião-dentista, mas também de indústrias de produtos de higiene oral, para que osdesdentados totais tenham acesso aos produtos específicos para este fim, podendo assim, controlarde forma adequada sua saúde oral.

The goal of this work was to accomplish a longitudinal study concerning aboutof the materials and methods of hygiene used by complete dentures users, as well as to evaluatethe instructions degree of the same. The rising of the data was accomplished by means of thequestionnaire and posterior table application of the data. They were interviewed 98 completedentures users in year of 1989 and 100, in year of 2004 attended in to Odontology Faculty ofRibeirão Preto. The results were analyzed by means of the comparison of the data and by theProportions Test. In 1989, 93.87% of the interviewees related use dental brush and toothpastefor complete denture hygiene. In year of 2004, 95% of the users related use the same hygienemethod. Regarding the instruction degree, more than 80% of the patients did not receive orientationregarding cleansers or regarding the need to periodic visit to the surgeon-dentist in year of 1989,but in 2004 could notice that there was a significant improvement in this picture, once that 52% of the patients did not receive orientation regarding cleansers and 77% did not receive orientationregarding the periodic visit to the surgeon-dentist. For half of this study it verified that the usedmethod consists in mechanical method, once that are those methods are not regularly found in themarket, however, these are not specific for denture complete hygiene. Although the instructiondegree has improved along years, the users’ oral complete denture hygiene is precarious, therebeing need to larger attention to the senior, not only by the surgeon-dentist, but also of productsindustries of oral hygiene, so that the total toothless have access to the specific products for thisend, could this way, control of adequate your form oral health.