ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Even though cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the current treatment of choice for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is still unclear which components of its protocol are more important for clinical improvement. This study aims to replicate a previous review, updating findings on the efficacy of CBT, cognitive therapy (CT), and exposure therapy (ET) for PTSD when compared with other well-established treatments or conditions without active treatment. METHOD: The search was performed in the databases Cochrane, Embase, and Medline. Studies were required to be randomized controlled trials published between 2006 and 2012 comparing CBT, CT, or ET with (1) each other, (2) other active treatments (e.g., EMDR, counseling, supportive therapy), or (3) assessment-only conditions. The main outcome measures were diagnostic and symptomatic remission. RESULTS: The final sample contained 29 articles. CBT, CT, and ET were shown to be efficacious treatments individually when compared to assessment-only conditions, with no difference found between treatments. Comparison with other active treatments favored ET. Both included studies comparing CBT and EMDR favored the latter. CONCLUSIONS: CBT and its components still appear to be equally efficacious in improving PTSD symptoms and diagnosis. Even so, a current tendency of researchers to focus on ET exists. EMDR shows interesting results compared to CBT. Further research should clarify the lasting effects, efficiency, and other comparative benefits of each protocol.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Implosive Therapy/methods , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
No Brasil, a psicologia das emergências e desastres é concebida como uma área de estudo e intervenção em fenômenos que envolvem situações de catástrofe. Nesse contexto, as intervenções em crise objetivam aumentar o percentual de sujeitos que se recuperam da tragédia e acelerar esse processo de reconstrução. Os Primeiros Socorros Psicológicos (PSP) são protocolos de intervenção que visam padronizar o atendimento às vítimas com base em evidências sobre reações agudas ao estresse. No presente artigo, é relatada a experiência de aplicação do referido protocolo em vítimas do incêndio da boate Kiss em Santa Maria. Ressalta-se que a intervenção possibilitou o acolhimento emocional dos sujeitos de forma empática e não invasiva, o desenvolvimento de estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) adaptativas de forma conjunta e a busca de apoio social. Aponta-se para a necessidade de aprimoramento técnico e profissional para futuras intervenções em crise no contexto brasileiro.(AU)
In Brazil, the Psychology of Emergencies and Disasters is conceived as a field of study and performance in phenomena involving disaster. In this context, crisis interventions aimed at increasing the percentage of subjects who recover from this tragedy and accelerate the reconstruction process. Psychological First Aid (PFA) intervention protocols are aiming to standardize the care victims based on evidence of acute reactions to stress. This article aims to report the experience of implementing this protocol in victims of the Kiss nightclub fire in Santa Maria. It is noteworthy that the intervention enabled the host of emotional subjects empathetically and noninvasive, developing coping strategies (coping) adaptive jointly and search for social support. It points to the need for technical improvement and professional crisis for future interventions in the Brazilian context.(AU)
Subject(s)
Crisis Intervention , Disaster Planning , First Aid/psychologyABSTRACT
Os profissionais da área da saúde mental com frequência são desafiados a encontrar novos tratamentos para situações adversas e peculiares dosindivíduos. O Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) é um dos distúrbios psiquiátricos mais comuns e que deixam sequelas, tendo em vista queafeta a vida funcional das pessoas que sofreram um trauma e desenvolvem otranstorno. Dessa forma, este estudo visa a uma revisão da literatura a respeito das estratégias terapêuticas utilizadas em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) no tratamento do TEPT em bancários. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca por artigos que descreveram protocolos de tratamento para o TEPT e as particularidades encontradas nos bancários, a fim de adequar a TCC para essa população. Os resultados sugerem que a população de bancários apresenta algumas diferenças em termos de cognições pós-traumáticas se comparada a outras populações, de forma que é sugerida uma adaptação dos protocolos detratamento para atender às necessidades desses pacientes. (AU)
Professionals in mental health area are often challenged to find new treatments to adverse and peculiar situations of individuals. The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of more common psychiatric disorders that cause sequels considering that it aff ects functional life of people who suff ered a trauma and develop the disorder. Thus, this research intends to do a literature review about therapeutic strategies used on Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in PTSD treatment in bank employees. In order to do this, a research was made for articles that describe treatment protocols for PTSD and the particularities found in bank employees, with the purpose to suit CBT for this group of people. The results suggest that the population of bank employees presents some diff erences in terms of post-traumatic cognitions if compared to other populations, so an adaptation of treatment protocols to meet the needs of these patients is suggested. (AU)
