[Effects of different chicken breeding on microbiological characteristics of fresh eggs]. / Effetti di diversi sistemi di allevamento sulle caratteristiche microbiologiche delle uova fresche.

The influence of three different systems of chicken breeding (battery, outdoor and free-range type) on contamination of the shell, yolk and albumen on category A eggs was evaluated. The eggs collected from free-range type did not resulted in conforming according to Italian legislation (5%) that foresees total absence of Salmonella spp. both on shells that yolk and albumen. Moreover the handled eggs can transmit microorganisms present on the shell because non-hygienic operator's hands favour horizontal bacterial transmission. In conclusion, this survey revealed that the breeding type as well as storing time and handling quality influence the product quality.

A full scale application in the control of the filamentous bulking generated by Type 021 N F. thiothrix sp.

The presence of industrial effluent in the wastewater incoming to municipal activated sludge treatment plants sometimes causes bulking events. In order to control one of these events a strategy of bacterial selection was applied with an anoxic selector before the main oxidation basin utilising the screw pumps basin. The result of this work confirms what is reported in the literature about the possibility to utilize a metabolic control of some filamentous forms (particularly Type 021 N) with high organic load. The remedial action could be realized using already existing facilities, without any additional costs.

[Microbiological study of soft cheese purchased in small and middle-sized distribution networks]. / Indagini microbiologiche sul formaggio a pasta molle acquistato nelle piccole e medie distribuzioni.

The aim of the work is the evaluation of the microbial content of soft cheese when it comes on the table of the consumer. To reach this purpose we have bought, as simple clients, the product in the small and average distributions that apply the HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) plain and in the small distributions which don't apply it, the collecting and the microbiological analysis of the product has been performed on the different pieces that belong to the whole form of cheese during the days of the week, observing a progressive increase of the bacterial number; besides we have found in the bought cheese that when the form of cheese was at the end, values overcame the limits of law. The increase of the bacterial numbers was greater in the products purchased in the average distributions in order with the application of the self-control, and in the small ones that don't effect this type of selling. The deduction was that the HACCP system has not been correctly applied in all the shops tested and in the exercises without the HACCP plain the contamination levels are higher. The health risk connected with not correct manipulation by the employees still results very elevated.

Preliminary report on antimicrobial activity of Helichrysum litoreum Guss.

The authors present the preliminary results regarding the antibacterial action of extracts of Helichrysum litoreum Guss. The leaves and the young stems of this species, gathered on the slopes of Mt Vesuvius, in the Campania region, were ground and four extracts were made as follows: with dichloromethane, ethanol and water (70:30 v/v), water and methanol. The antibacterial activity of each of the samples was tested in order to determine which of the extracts was more antibacterial. The results of the test showed that the extract with the ethanol/water (70/30 v/v) was the most active one. This will allow us to advance in the research, purifying the extract and hopefully identifying the active principles.

[Elimination if living microbial contaminants in non-sterile vaccines]. / Eliminazione di contaminanti microbici vivi in vaccini non sterili.

The authors propose the use of changes of temperature for the decontamination of non-sterile vaccines. With the use of this method they have seen that the antivariolous vaccine and the typhus one, artificially polluted by hemolytic streptococci, have been brought back within the requisites required from the Italian F.U. 8th edition.

[Preliminary microbiological findings in evaluation of pollution from Darsena petroli]. / Prime indagini microbiologiche sulla valutazione dell'inquinamento della darsena petroli.

The Concentration Factors (F.C.) of Coliforms, Enterococci, and Coliphages evaluated in Ciona intestinalis from Darsena Petroli are directly proportional to the relative residence-times into the sea water, stated as T90.