ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To combine different independent endometrial markers to classify the presence of endometriosis. METHODS: Endometrial biopsies were obtained from 109 women with endometriosis as well as 110 control women. Nine candidate biomarkers independent of cycle phase were selected from the literature and NanoString was performed. We compared differentially expressed genes between groups and generated generalized linear models to find a classifier for the disease. RESULTS: Generalized linear models correctly detected 68% of women with endometriosis (combining deep infiltrating and ovarian endometriosis). However, we were not able to distinguish between individual types of endometriosis compared to controls. From the 9 tested genes, FOS, MMP7, and MMP11 seem to be important for disease classification, and FOS was the most over-expressed gene in endometriosis. CONCLUSION(S): Although generalized linear models may allow identification of endometriosis, we did not obtain perfect classification with the selected gene candidates.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/analysis , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Endometrium/pathology , Nanotechnology/methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Endometriosis/genetics , Endometriosis/metabolism , Endometrium/metabolism , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Because maternal alloreactive lymphocytes are not depleted during pregnancy, local and/or systemic mechanisms have to play a key role in altering the maternal immune response. Peripheral T regulatory cells (pTregs) at the maternal-foetal interface are necessary in situ to prevent early abortion, but only those pTregs that have been previously exposed to paternal alloantigens. It has been showed that pregnancy selectively stimulates the accumulation of maternal Foxp3+ CD4+CD25+ (Foxp3Tregs) cells with foetal specificity. Interestingly, after delivery, foetal-specific pTregs persist at elevated levels, maintain tolerance to pre-existing foetal antigen, and rapidly re-accumulate during subsequent pregnancy. pTreg up-regulation could be hypothesized as a possible future therapeutic strategy in humans (AU)
Considerando que los linfocitos T alorreactivos no son completamente eliminados durante la gestación, parece necesario que haya otros mecanismos locales y/o generales que colaboren en la modificación de la respuesta inmunitaria materna. Los linfocitos T reguladores periféricos (Tregs-p) de la interfaz maternofetal previamente expuestos a antígenos paternos son necesarios in situ para prevenir el aborto precoz. Se ha demostrado que durante la gestación se produce una acumulación de Tregs-p Foxp3+ CD4+ CD25+ con especificidad para ciertos antígenos fetales. Tras la gestación, estos Tregs-p con especificidad para antígenos fetales persisten a títulos elevados y mantienen la tolerancia materna, incrementando su número y funcionalidad en la siguiente gestación. El incremento de los Tregs-p podría ser una nueva y esperanzadora estrategia terapéutica en humanos (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Abortion, Habitual/therapy , Abortion, Habitual/prevention & control , Cytokines , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage , Maternal-Fetal Relations , Maternal and Child Health , Immune SystemABSTRACT
Because maternal alloreactive lymphocytes are not depleted during pregnancy, local and/or systemic mechanisms have to play a key role in altering the maternal immune response. Peripheral T regulatory cells (pTregs) at the maternal-foetal interface are necessary in situ to prevent early abortion, but only those pTregs that have been previously exposed to paternal alloantigens. It has been showed that pregnancy selectively stimulates the accumulation of maternal Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) (Foxp3Tregs) cells with foetal specificity. Interestingly, after delivery, foetal-specific pTregs persist at elevated levels, maintain tolerance to pre-existing foetal antigen, and rapidly re-accumulate during subsequent pregnancy. pTreg up-regulation could be hypothesized as a possible future therapeutic strategy in humans.
