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1.
Radiologe ; 61(12): 1068-1077, 2021 Dec.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34820696

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow consists of connective tissue and stem cells, which generate blood cells. This includes erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. Thus, hematologic disorders first affect the bone marrow and secondarily the blood. METHODS: Bone marrow changes can be sensitively detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and often represent the initial manifestation of the underlying disease. With longer duration of disease, changes can also be found on X­ray or computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: The findings on MRI and X­ray/CT are often nonspecific and can only be interpreted in the context of clinical information. CONCLUSION: In the following article, we provide a brief overview of the clinical manifestations and imaging changes to be expected in leukemia, anemia, and chronic myeloproliferative disorders.


Subject(s)
Hematologic Diseases , Musculoskeletal System , Bone Marrow , Hematologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
2.
Georgian Med News ; (301): 147-152, 2020 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32535580

ABSTRACT

One of the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is associated with the development of inflammation, fibrosis and the induction of apoptosis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cardiac and vascular function. The role of the H2S system in the mechanisms of diabetic heart development remains uncertain. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of modulators of H2S system on the level of DNA fragmentation and H2S concentration in heart of rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. The experiment was performed on 40 white laboratory male rats (180-250 g), randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): healthy (control), diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (STZ), diabetes mellitus + propargylglycine, inhibitor of cystathionine gamma lyase (STZ + PPG), diabetes mellitus + NaHS, exogenous H2S donor (STZ + NaHS). The experimental DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). The animals from two groups (3rd and 4th groups) starting from 14th to 28th day after the injection of STZ were administered modulators of H2S system i/p once per day. D, L-propargylglycine was dosed at 50 mg/kg body weight, while NaHS · H2O - at 3 mg/kg body weight. H2S content in hearts was evaluated by spectrophotometry (Wilinski, 2011). DNA content was determined by flow cytometry (Partec PAS, Germany). The development of DM in rats was accompanied by a significant decrease in myocardial H2S concentration by 36.6% (p<0.05) compared with control. The administration of proparglyglycine led to an increase in H2S deficiency (29.4%, p<0.05) compared to the STZ group. The administration of NaHS resulted in a decrease in H2S deficiency (by 23.5%, p<0.05) compared to the STZ group. Flow cytometry showed that DM was accompanied by an increased apoptotic activity (increased number of myocardiocytes in the SUB- G0G1 phase by 11.4%, p<0.05), polyploidization (increased proportion of cells in the G2M phase by 32.1%, p<0.05) and proliferation (29.8% increase in S-phase cells, p<0.05) of heart cells compared with controls. The introduction of propargylglycine led to an increase in apoptosis (14.4%, p<0.05) compared with the STZ group. Whereas NaHS administration decreased the degree of apoptosis (12.3%, p<0.05), polyploidization (14.4%, p<0.05) and proliferation compared (26.2%, p<0.05) with untreated diabetes. Correlation analysis showed that impaired H2S metabolism is an important factor of disregulation of cell cycle in diabetic heart: a reliable inverse relationship was registered (r=-(0,69-83), p<0.01) between H2S level and the indicators of apoptosis activity, proliferation and polyploidization. Disintegration of the H2S/CSE system is associated with an increase in apoptosis activity, polyploidization, and proliferation of myocardiocytes in experimental DM. Modulation of H2S metabolism is a potential direction for the prevention of the development of cardiovascular complications of diabetes.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Myocytes, Cardiac , Animals , Cystathionine gamma-Lyase , DNA , Germany , Male , Rats
3.
Georgian Med News ; (294): 62-68, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31687951

ABSTRACT

Recently, there has been a tendency for the growth of dentognathic deformities of various origins, accompanied by phonetic abnormalities. Aim - to increase the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment of dentognathic deformities, accompanied by phonetic disorders, by developing and justifying a set of diagnostic and therapeutic measures based on a multidisciplinary approach. The influence of the state of ENT organs on the formation of dentognathic deformities and phonetic disturbances is studied in 155 children. A clinical dental examination and orthodontic treatment is performed in 82 patients aged 6-12 years. Individual corrective speech therapy work has been carried out to overcome the defects of the phonological side of speech. A certain pathological "chain" of cause-effect relationships of dentognathic deformities with phonetic disorders and diseases of the ENT organs became the basis for a multidisciplinary approach to solving the problems identified. The qualitative and quantitative dependence of sound deterioration on the type of orthognathic deformities is established. A complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures for patients with dental deformities accompanied by phonetic disorders, consisting of motivational, diagnostic and therapeutic blocks, has been developed and introduced into practice. The proposed complex of diagnostic and treatment measures made it possible to increase the efficiency of orthodontic treatment of children with dentognathic deformities with disturbances of sound pronunciation depending on the type of bite by means of a multidisciplinary approach involving an otolaryngologist, speech therapist, children's therapist and surgeon, which was confirmed in 86.6% of patients by the improvement of electromyography, anthropometric measurements of scanned models of jaws, cephalometry; the analysis of cone-beam computed tomography data showed a significant increase in the upper respiratory tract volume by 53.8±4.2%.


Subject(s)
Maxillofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis , Maxillofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Orthognathic Surgical Procedures/methods , Phonetics , Prognathism/surgery , Speech Disorders/surgery , Cephalometry , Child , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Prognathism/diagnostic imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Speech Disorders/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
4.
Georgian Med News ; (271): 96-102, 2017 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29099709

ABSTRACT

Hyper- and hypothyroidism are some of the most common endocrinopathies that cause many metabolic disorders including amino acids metabolism. However, a specific molecular mechanism of thyroid hormones influence on sulphur-containing amino acids metabolism has not been established. The aim of our research was to investigate experimentally the influence of thyroid gland functional state on the main enzymatic systems of sulphur-containing amino acids metabolism in liver and kidneys, the content of homocysteine, cysteine and H2S in blood. The rats were administered with L-thyroxine and mercazolil to simulate the states of hyper- and hypothyroidism, which were confirmed by the content of fT3, fT4 and TSH in the blood. In liver and kidneys of the animals with hypothyroidism we observed the decrease in the activity of enzymes of remethylation cycle of S-adenosylmethioninsyntase, S-adenosylhomocysteinhyhdrolase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Suppression of transsulfuration transformation of homocysteine to cysteine in hypothyroidism was mainly due to the inhibition of cystathionine synthase activity of cystathionine-ß-synthase, wherein cystathionase activity of cystathionine-γ-lyase was not changed. In animals with hypothyroidism we also noticed the inhibition of cysteine desulfunation reactions: the activity of enzymes of cystathionine-ß-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase and cysteine aminotransferase significantly decreased in liver and kidneys. Experimental hyperthyroidism was accompanied by increase in activity of remethylation cycle enzymes, increase in cystationine synthase activity of cystathionine-ß-synthase in liver and activity of these enzymes in kidneys. The simulation of hyperthyroidism led to the decrease of homocysteine concentration, and of hypothyroidism - to the increase of homocysteine and cysteine concentrations and reduced H2S content in blood of the animals. Thus, the significant risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulation in hypothyroid conditions may be the disorders in the processes of remethylation, transsulfuration, and desulfuration of sulphur-containing amino acids in organs.


Subject(s)
Amino Acids, Sulfur/metabolism , Hyperthyroidism/metabolism , Hypothyroidism/metabolism , Adenosylhomocysteinase/metabolism , Animals , Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase/metabolism , Cystathionine beta-Synthase/metabolism , Cystathionine gamma-Lyase/metabolism , Cysteine/metabolism , Homocysteine/metabolism , Hydrogen Sulfide/blood , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Male , Methionine Adenosyltransferase/metabolism , Methylation , Rats , Transaminases/metabolism
5.
Radiologe ; 57(11): 958-963, 2017 Nov.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28894888

ABSTRACT

The bone marrow basically consists of red blood-forming bone marrow and yellow fat. In the skeleton, there is an age-dependent distribution of these two parts. In the context of medical interventions or therapies, bone marrow changes can occur, whereby the normal bone marrow can basically be replaced by fat, edema, or fibrosis/sclerosis. Here, specific signal intensities and patterns are shown in imaging. After irradiation therapies, edematous changes, hemorrhages, and osteoradionecroses are observed. Likewise, insufficiency fractures, impairment of the growth gaps, or the development of tumors is possible. In patients on dialysis, deposit of protein in the bone marrow is possible in the case of the so-called amyloidosis osteoarthropathy. Postoperative bone marrow edema, insufficiency fractures, or osteonecrosis can be observed after arthroscopy. Changes in the distribution of fat markers and blood-forming bone marrow can be observed after stem cell transplants. In the therapy with cortisone, insufficiency fractures and osteonecroses are possible. Depending on their effect on the hematopoietic system, chemotherapyies can first lead to edematous changes and then to fatty bone marrow, which is reversible after therapy. Angiogenesis inhibitors in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents often lead to mixed images of stimulated and fatty bone marrow.


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Image Enhancement , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
6.
Appl Opt ; 55(13): 3645-9, 2016 May 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27140383

ABSTRACT

Hollow waveguides operating near 550 nm wavelength were fabricated by guided formation of delamination buckles within Ta2O5/SiO2 multilayers. The fabrication process employed a pair of sequentially deposited 10-period Bragg mirrors separated by a patterned, low-adhesion fluorocarbon layer. Propagation loss as low as a few dB/cm was measured, consistent with theoretical predictions.

7.
Opt Lett ; 41(8): 1845-8, 2016 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27082360

ABSTRACT

We describe a bandpass filter based on resonant tunneling through an air layer in the frustrated total internal reflection regime, and show that the concept of induced transmission can be applied to the design of thin film matching stacks. Experimental results are reported for Si/SiO2-based devices exhibiting a polarization-dependent passband, with bandwidth on the order of 10 nm in the 1550 nm wavelength range, peak transmittance on the order of 80%, and optical density greater than 5 over most of the near infrared region.

8.
Sci Total Environ ; 530-531: 18-27, 2015 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26026405

ABSTRACT

Due to a continuous demand of land for infrastructural and residential development there is a public concern about the condition of surface soil near municipal solid waste landfills. A total of 12 surface (0-20 cm) soil samples from a territory near a landfill were collected and the concentration of 16 PAHs and 7 PCB congeners were investigated in these samples. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.038-1.2 µg/kg for PAHs and 0.025-0.041 µg/kg for PCBs. The total concentration of ∑ PAHs ranged from 892 to 3514 µg/kg with a mean of 1974 µg/kg. The total concentration of ∑ PCBs ranged from 2.5 to 12 µg/kg with a mean of 4.5 µg/kg. Data analyses allowed to state that the PAHs in surface soils near a landfill were principally from pyrogenic sources. Due to air transport, PAHs forming at the landfill are transported outside the landfill. PCB origin is not connected with the landfill. Aroclor 1242 can be the source of PCBs in several samples.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Soil Pollutants/analysis , Waste Disposal Facilities , Soil/chemistry , Solid Waste
9.
Unfallchirurg ; 118(3): 222-9, 2015 Mar.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25783690

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This article discusses the morphological criteria for the differentiation between acute osteoporotic and metastatic vertebral body fractures and new imaging methods, such as diffusion-weighted and chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are presented. BACKGROUND: The differential diagnostics of osteoporotic and metastatic vertebral body fractures can be difficult in some cases. Both entities normally occur without adequate trauma and predominantly in elderly patients. IMAGING: Conventional X-ray examination is the initial imaging method of choice but is not able to reliably differentiate between the osteoporotic or metastatic etiology of a fracture. Computed tomography (CT) clearly depicts osseous destruction in metastatic fractures but lacks specificity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a higher sensitivity and specificity in differentiating osteoporotic and metastatic fractures. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS: The combination CT and MRI allows an accurate diagnosis with respect to an osteoprorotic or metastatic etiology in most of cases but bone marrow edema in acute fractures sometimes leads to ambiguous results and differential diagnostic problems.


Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/complications , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Osteoporotic Fractures/diagnosis , Spinal Fractures/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Acute Disease , Bone Marrow/diagnostic imaging , Bone Marrow/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Spinal Fractures/etiology
10.
Br J Cancer ; 112(5): 809-18, 2015 Mar 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25647014

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Follow-up care in breast cancer is still an issue of debate. Diagnostic methods are more sensitive, and more effective therapeutic options are now available. The risk of recurrence is not only influenced by tumour stage but also by the different molecular subtypes. This study was performed to evaluate the use of whole-body imaging combined with tumour marker monitoring for the early detection of asymptomatic metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS: This analysis was performed as part of a follow-up study evaluating 813 patients with a median follow-up of 63 months. After primary therapy, all patients underwent tumour marker monitoring for CEA, CA 15-3 and CA 125 at 6-week intervals within an intensified diagnostic aftercare algorithm. A reproducible previously defined increase was considered as a strong indicator of MBC. From 2007 to 2010, 44 patients with tumour marker increase underwent whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and/or an FDG-PET/CT scan. Histological clarification and/or imaging follow-up were done. RESULTS: Metastases were detected in 65.9% (29/44) of patients, 13.6% (6/44) had secondary malignancies besides breast cancer and 20.5% (9/44) had no detectable malignancy. Limited disease was found in 24.1% (7/29) of patients. Median progression-free survival of MBC was 9.2 months and median overall survival was 41.1 months. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 64.2% and 40.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A reproducible tumour marker increase followed by whole-body imaging is highly effective for early detection. By consequence, patients might benefit from earlier detection and improved therapeutic options with a prolonged survival.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Early Detection of Cancer/methods , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Whole Body Imaging/methods , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosis , Neoplasms/complications , Positron-Emission Tomography , Survival Analysis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
11.
Environ Res ; 135: 253-61, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25462673

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed to determine the impact of municipal waste landfill on the pollution level of surface waters, and to investigate whether the choice and number of physical and chemical parameters monitored are sufficient for determining the actual risk related to bioavailability and mobility of contaminants. In 2007-2012, water samples were collected from the stream flowing through the site at two sampling locations, i.e. before the stream׳s entry to the landfill, and at the stream outlet from the landfill. The impact of leachate on the quality of stream water was observed in all samples. In 2007-2010, high values of TOC and conductivity in samples collected down the stream from the landfill were observed; the toxicity of these samples was much greater than that of samples collected up the stream from the landfill. In 2010-2012, a significant decrease of conductivity and TOC was observed, which may be related to the modernization of the landfill. Three tests were used to evaluate the toxicity of sampled water. As a novelty the application of Phytotoxkit F™ for determining water toxicity should be considered. Microtox(®) showed the lowest sensitivity of evaluating the toxicity of water samples, while Phytotoxkit F™ showed the highest. High mortality rates of Thamnocephalus platyurus in Thamnotoxkit F™ test can be caused by high conductivity, high concentration of TOC or the presence of compounds which are not accounted for in the water quality monitoring program.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring/methods , Refuse Disposal , Rivers/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Anostraca/drug effects , Carbon/analysis , Poland , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Toxicity Tests , Water Quality/standards
12.
Opt Lett ; 39(20): 5941-4, 2014 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25361125

ABSTRACT

We describe an integrated system for wavelength interrogation, which uses tapered hollow Bragg waveguides coupled to an image sensor. Spectral shifts are extracted from the wavelength dependence of the light radiated at mode cutoff. Wavelength shifts as small as ~10 pm were resolved by employing a simple peak detection algorithm. Si/SiO2-based cladding mirrors enable a potential operational range of several hundred nanometers in the 1550 nm wavelength region for a taper length of ~1 mm. Interrogation of a strain-tuned grating was accomplished using a broadband amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source, and potential for single-chip interrogation of multiplexed sensor arrays is demonstrated.


Subject(s)
Optical Fibers , Optical Imaging , Optical Phenomena
13.
Radiologe ; 54(6): 556-63, 2014 Jun.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24927658

ABSTRACT

CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE: Robust and reliable imaging methods are required to estimate the skeletal tumor load in multiple myeloma, as well as for the diagnosis of extraskeletal manifestations. Imaging also plays an essential role in the assessment of fracture risk and of vertebral fractures. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS: The conventional skeletal survey has been the gold standard in the imaging of multiple myeloma for many years. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS: Other modalities which have been investigated and are in use are whole-body computed tomography (WBCT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI). These techniques are able to depict both mineralized bone and the bone marrow with a high sensitivity for myeloma lesions. PERFORMANCE: Several studies have shown that cross-sectional imaging is superior to the skeletal survey in the detection of myeloma lesions and WBMRI has been shown to be significantly more sensitive than WBCT for the detection of focal myeloma lesions as well as for diffuse infiltration. The FDG PET-CT technique has a sensitivity comparable to WBMRI. ACHIEVEMENTS: Due to the higher sensitivity in the detection of myeloma lesions WBCT and WBMRI should replace the skeletal survey. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS: A WBCT should be performed if there is suspicion of multiple myeloma. If no focal lesions are found WBMRI or at least MRI of the spine and pelvis should be additionally performed if available. If WBMRI has been initially performed and focal lesions are present, an additional WBCT may be performed to assess the extent of bone destruction and fracture risk. In cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), solitary and smoldering myeloma, a WBMRI, if available, should be performed in addition to WBCT.


Subject(s)
Image Enhancement/methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Multimodal Imaging/methods , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Whole Body Imaging/methods , Humans
14.
J Chromatogr A ; 1339: 1-12, 2014 Apr 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24666936

ABSTRACT

One of the present trends in analytical chemistry is miniaturization, which is one of the methods of green analytical chemistry application. A particular emphasis is placed on the elimination of the use of large amounts of organic solvents which are toxic and harmful to the environment, maintaining high efficiency of the extraction process, high recovery values and low values of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) limits. These requirements are fulfilled by coacervative extraction (CAE) technique. In this review, theoretical aspects of the coacervation process are presented along with environmental and bioanalytical applications of this technique, its advantages, limitations and competitiveness with other techniques. Due to its simplicity and rapidity, CAE is an excellent alternative for currently practiced procedures of sample preparation for the analysis of organic compounds.


Subject(s)
Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/methods , Chemical Fractionation/methods , Organic Chemicals/analysis , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Colloids , Green Chemistry Technology , Micelles , Microchemistry/methods , Solvents
15.
J Biomech ; 47(5): 1164-72, 2014 Mar 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24411098

ABSTRACT

Current neck injury criteria do not include limits for lateral bending combined with axial compression and this has been observed as a clinically relevant mechanism, particularly for rollover motor vehicle crashes. The primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of lateral eccentricity (the perpendicular distance from the axial force to the centre of the spine) on peak loads, kinematics, and spinal canal occlusions of subaxial cervical spine specimens tested in dynamic axial compression (0.5 m/s). Twelve 3-vertebra human cadaver cervical spine specimens were tested in two groups: low and high eccentricity with initial eccentricities of 1 and 150% of the lateral diameter of the vertebral body. Six-axis loads inferior to the specimen, kinematics of the superior-most vertebra, and spinal canal occlusions were measured. High speed video was collected and acoustic emission (AE) sensors were used to define the time of injury. The effects of eccentricity on peak loads, kinematics, and canal occlusions were evaluated using unpaired Student t-tests. The high eccentricity group had lower peak axial forces (1544 ± 629 vs. 4296 ± 1693 N), inferior displacements (0.2 ± 1.0 vs. 6.6 ± 2.0 mm), and canal occlusions (27 ± 5 vs. 53 ± 15%) and higher peak ipsilateral bending moments (53 ± 17 vs. 3 ± 18 Nm), ipsilateral bending rotations (22 ± 3 vs. 1 ± 2°), and ipsilateral displacements (4.5 ± 1.4 vs. -1.0 ± 1.3 mm, p<0.05 for all comparisons). These results provide new insights to develop prevention, recognition, and treatment strategies for compressive cervical spine injuries with lateral eccentricities.


Subject(s)
Cervical Vertebrae/injuries , Spinal Injuries/etiology , Spine/physiology , Aged , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cervical Vertebrae/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pressure , Spinal Canal , Weight-Bearing
16.
Opt Express ; 20(21): 23906-11, 2012 Oct 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23188356

ABSTRACT

We describe out-coupling of visible band light from a tapered hollow waveguide with TiO(2)/SiO(2) Bragg cladding mirrors. The mirrors exhibit an omnidirectional band for TE-polarized modes in the ~490 to 570 nm wavelength range, resulting in near-vertical radiation at mode cutoff positions. Since cutoff is wavelength-dependent, white light is spatially dispersed by the taper. Resolution on the order of 2 nm is predicted and corroborated by experimental results. These tapers can potentially form the basis for compact micro-spectrometers in lab-on-a-chip and optofluidic micro-systems.


Subject(s)
Lenses , Refractometry/instrumentation , Surface Plasmon Resonance/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis
17.
Ann Oncol ; 23(10): 2599-2605, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22431702

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We determined the objective response rates produced by pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) plus carboplatin with/without trastuzumab (Herceptin). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with measurable disease were stratified by taxane treatment history and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 status. TREATMENT: PLD 30 mg/m(2) followed by carboplatin, day 1 of each 28-day cycle; human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive patients also received trastuzumab. RESULTS: Arm 1 received PLD plus carboplatin (N = 41 arm 1a, taxane naive; N = 42 arm 1b, taxane pretreated); Arm 2 patients received PLD plus carboplatin + Herceptin (N = 46). Overall response rates: 31%, 31%, and 56%, respectively. Median overall survival durations were not reached in arm 1a and were 13 and 33 months for arms 1b and 2. Median progression-free survival: 8, 5, 10 months, respectively. Grades 3-4 treatment-related toxic effects for arms 1a, 1b, 2, respectively, were neutropenia 22%, 31%, 35%; thrombocytopenia 34%, 26%, 17%; and fatigue 2%, 14%, 13%. CONCLUSIONS: PLD plus carboplatin has moderate antitumor activity and excellent tolerability. Herceptin and PLD plus carboplatin in HER2-positive patients have antitumor activity without significant cardiac toxicity. Toxicity results suggest that PLD can be combined with Herceptin with minimal cardiac toxicity.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carboplatin/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/analogs & derivatives , Humans , Neoplasm Metastasis , Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage
18.
Eur J Radiol ; 81(3): e269-76, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21398060

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the potential of FDG-PET-CT and whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) as diagnostic triage methods for patients planned for radioembolisation of metastatic liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 135 patients with multifocal liver metastases were evaluated for potential palliative therapy with radioembolisation using 90-Yttrium microspheres. All patients were examined consecutively with FDG-PET-CT and WB-MRI for exclusion of relevant extra-hepatic tumor manifestations. All patients underwent 99mTc-albumine angiography followed by scintigraphy to exclude significant hepato-pulmonary shunting. RESULTS: Out of the 135 patients included into the pre-therapeutic diagnostic algorithm, 56% were eligible and received radioembolisation, while 44% could not be treated. In 91% the exclusion criteria was diagnosis of significant extra-hepatic metastatic disease. In 85% exclusion diagnosis was made concordantly by both FDG-PET-CT and WB-MRI, in 9% diagnosis was provided by PET-CT, in 6% by WB-MRI alone. Patient-based sensitivity for detection of extra-hepatic disease was 94% for PET-CT and 91% for WB-MRI. False-positive diagnosis of extrahepatic disease leading to exclusion for radioembolisation therapy was made in 2% of patients, in one patient by PET-CT and in one patient by WB-MRI alone. Overall, specificity for inclusion of radioembolisation therapy by combining both modalities was 99%. In 9% of patients angiographic diagnosis made radioembolisation impossible, in 7% solely the angiographic findings were decisive. CONCLUSION: Both FDG-PET-CT and WB-MRI are efficient diagnostic triage methods for patients planned for radioembolisation of liver metastases. Overall, FDG-PET-CT shows a trend to higher diagnostic accuracy compared to WB-MRI and may be used as imaging method of choice as a standalone examination. In combination, both modalities exhibited high sensitivity for the diagnosis of extra-hepatic tumor manifestations and result in high specificity.


Subject(s)
Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Multimodal Imaging/methods , Positron-Emission Tomography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Triage/methods , Whole Body Imaging , Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Algorithms , Angiography/methods , Contrast Media , Female , Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 , Gadolinium DTPA , Humans , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Iohexol/analogs & derivatives , Liver Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Male , Microspheres , Middle Aged , Radiopharmaceuticals , Sensitivity and Specificity , Software , Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin , Treatment Outcome
19.
Ann Oncol ; 23(7): 1730-8, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22156624

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Concurrent chemoradiation with etoposide and cisplatin (EP/XRT) is standard treatment for inoperable stage III locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Consolidation docetaxel (D; Taxotere) after EP/XRT resulted in increased toxicity but no improvement in survival compared with observation (O). We report updated survival for the entire study population and include an analysis of efficacy and tolerability of EP/XRT with or without D in patients aged ≥ 70 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Hoosier Oncology Group LUN 01-24 enrolled 243 patients with LA-NSCLC and randomized 166 after EP/XRT to three cycles of D versus O. the trial was terminated after an analysis of the first 203 patients demonstrated futility of D. RESULTS: Median survival time (MST) for the overall study population was 21.5 months, and 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates were 30.7%, 18.0%, and 13.9%, respectively. No differences in MST or 3-year survival were noted between D and O arms. Older patients had similar MST (17.1 versus 22.8 months for younger patients, P = 0.15) but higher rates of grade 3/4 toxicity and hospitalization during induction. CONCLUSIONS: Consolidation docetaxel after EP/XRT does not improve survival in LA-NSCLC. Fit older adults with LA-NSCLC benefit from concurrent chemoradiation similarly as younger patients but experience higher rates of hospitalization and toxicity.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy , Chemoradiotherapy , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Consolidation Chemotherapy , Disease-Free Survival , Docetaxel , Early Termination of Clinical Trials , Etoposide/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Taxoids/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome
20.
Acta Chir Belg ; 110(6): 584-9, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21337837

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Intralesional surgery of giant cell tumour of the bone (GCT) may result in a high rate of local recurrence. The introduction of local adjuvants, such as cementation, cryosurgery or phenolization, has proved to be successful in the reduction of recurrence rates. This study presents the results of a single institution in surgery of GCT with an evolution in treatment strategies. MATERIAL & METHODS: Forty primary and 25 recurrent surgical procedures in 46 patients with GCT of the bone with a median follow-up of 72 months were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age was 32.6 years (range 13.6-57.9 years). Forty-seven curettages and 18 resections were performed. For the curettages, a large bone window was cut followed by high speed burring and bone grafting or cementation. In 34 of 47 curettages and 7 of 18 resections, phenol was additionally applied. RESULTS: Two patients showed pulmonary metastasis, one died due to metastatic disease. In total, a third of the patients developed local recurrence (32.3%). This was evenly spread among primary and recurrent diesease (32.5% vs. 32%). Seven of 13 curettages without adjuvant recurred (53.9%), compared to 11 of 34 curettages with adjuvant phenol (32.4%). Three of 18 resections developed a recurrence (16.7%). No complications in respect to the use of phenol were seen. DISCUSSION: Phenolization is a safe local adjuvant therapy for GCT. Although the recurrence rate was lower with the use of phenol, this drop was not significant. The comparable high recurrence rate in our study, even if phenol was used, might be due to the fact that curettage was our favoured treatment, even in cases with an extensive juxta-articular tumour. We recommend adjuvant phenolization in the treatment of GCT of the bone after thorough curettage in applicable cases, including where cementation is used for defect filling.


Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/therapy , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic , Adolescent , Adult , Bone Cements/therapeutic use , Bone Neoplasms/mortality , Cementation , Cryosurgery , Female , Giant Cell Tumor of Bone/mortality , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Male , Middle Aged , Phenol/administration & dosage , Phenols/therapeutic use , Young Adult
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